Tinoda Nyika Itsva

SUDURUKA utarire migariro yakakukomba. Unoda here zvaunoona?

Zvichida iwe pachako une musha wakaisvonaka uri munharaunda inofadza, inosanotarisirwa. Ungavewo une basa rinobhadhara zvakanaka raunoda. Mukuwedzera, iwe navadiwa vako mungafarikanya mwero wakati woutano hwakanaka. Mukupeta, iwe unganzwa wakakotsekana zvikuru uye uchifara.

Asi funga nezvedzimwe nzvimbo dzomunzvimbomo, mamwe mativi enyika yaunogara mairi, dzimwe nyika. Tarira nyika yose. Mufananidzo wakaisvonaka here waunoona? Zvirokwazvo ndowegutsikano, rugare, uye budiriro here?

Mukuwirirana nedeyo kutaura pakuvamba muzana rino ramakore, sayenzi inofanira panguva ino kuva yakabvisa zvirwere zvose zvikuru, yakagovera zvokudya zvakawanda nokuda kwavose, yakagadzikanisa ndokuvandudza mhoteredzo, uye yakapinza nhambo yorugare. Asi chii chakaitika chaizvoizvo?

Hakusati kuchitora nzvero huru kuona kuti rugare rwakanzvenga pasi redu. “Chibviro chenguva dzeBhaibheri, vanhu vakapiwa zano kupfura minondo kuva miromo yamapadza,” anonyora kudaro Michael Renner muState of the World 1990. “Zano rakadaro harina kutongova rakakodzera zvikuru kupfuura zvino. Kurondwa kwoutsinye kwesimba rehondo kwakasvitsa rudzi rwomunhu pamucheto poruparadziko.”

Mishumo yakawanda yekakavadzano yavagari vemo nehondo dzinouraya nyika dzakawanda kwazvo kupota pasi. Mukuwirirana namamwe manyuko, hondo 22 dzakanga dzichiri kurwiwa muna 1988.a Vangani vakanga vafa muhondo idzodzo? Kusvikira uye kubatanidza gore iroro, “hwerengedzo yavanhu vakaurawa muhondo dzose dzakanga dzichirwiwa muna 1988 yakanga iri 4 645 000. Makumi manomwe navatanhatu muzana aavo vakaurawa vakanga vasiri varwi,” inodaro St. Louis Post-Dispatch.

Ko zvinoitika zvenyika zvazvino zvinoratidzira nyika ine rugare mberi here? “Kunotaurwa kuti Hondo Yokutukana ndeyokukanganwira uye rugare rwakapiwa banza. Asi tarira zvakare,” inodaro imwe nyaya muSan Jose Mercury News yokuCalifornia, U.S.A. “MuNyika Dzisina Kubudirira, hondo inopfuurira noutsinye netariro duku yokupera. Idzi ndidzo hondo dzenyika dzakavanda. Idzo zvikurukuru irwisano dzinorwisanisa hurumende navanhu vadzo dzimene: rwisano dzavagari vemo dzine chishava pamusoro peminda, rudzidziso, misiano yedzinza norudzi, simba rezvamatongerwe enyika, kunyange mirimo. . . . Kuvambira paHorn yeAfrica kusvikira kuMaodzanyemba kwakadziva kuMabvazuva kweAsia, hondo yakamanikidzira mamirioni avanhu kutiza misha yavo. Zvirimwa hazvisimwi, kiriniki dzoutano dzinodenhwa, zvipfuwo zvinoparadzwa, vabereki vanourawa noutsinye pamberi pavana vavo, vakomana vane makore 10 okukura vanoitwa vanamujibha uye ipapo varwi, vasikana vaduku vanobatwa zvibharo. Muidzi nyika dzakakanganwiwa zvikurusa, hondo dzakasiya muhwezva woruparadziko uye nyongano yenzanga umo idzi nzanga dzisati dzichizotongobva mairi zvizere. . . . Nzvero inoratidza kuti ma 1980 akaona hondo dzakawanda kupfuura mamwe makore gumi api naapi munhau.”

Vazhinji vaavo vanokwanisa kutizira kunyika dzakabudirira zvikuru vanowana rugare rwavaitsvaka rwaparadzanywa netyisidziro youtsotsi hwamasimba masimba. “Komberedzo youtsotsi [yeUnited States] yakapfuurira muma 1980 pasinei zvapo nokudeya kutaura kwokuti yaizoderera,” inoshuma kudaro U.S. News & World Report. “Mugore romuenzaniso: Kune mhaka dzakakomba dzine mamirioni 8,1 dzakafanana nokuponda, kudenha uye kupaza. . . . Inorwadza zvikurusa ndiyo nzira kudeura ropa kwazova nayo kunopararira nokusingadeyi kutaurwa. Kuitwa nyajambwa mugariro wenguva dzose. U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics inofungidzira kuti 83 muzana yavana zvino vane makore 12 okukura ichava vanyajambwa vamasimba masimba chaiwoiwo kana kuti anoedzwa kana utsotsi hukapfuurira pamwero yazvino. . . . Kurangwa kwavaiti vezvakaipa vechaunga hakuna chokwadi uye hakukurumidzi. Murudzi rwose, mapurisa anokwanisa kupedza 1 bedzi mumhaka huru 5.” Migariro yakafanana iripo munyika yose. UN General Assembly inoshuma “wedzero muzvose zviri zviviri kuitika noukombi hwemhaka mumativi akawanda enyika.”

Asi kunyange kudai hondo yose, zvombo, uye utsotsi zvikanyangarika mupasi kamwe kamwe, upenyu hwaizongova hunotyisidzirwa. “Urombo hunoparadza, hosha isingadzorwi, uye kusanyora nokuverenga kukuru kunoratidzira upenyu hwamazana amamirioni ari munyika dziri kubudirira,” inodaro Worldwatch Institute mumushumo wayo weState of the World 1990. “Rudzi rwose rwomunhu—vapfumi kana varombo, vakasimba mune zvehondo kana vakaneta—vakatarisana nechiono chokuparadzwa kwemhoteredzo kusina muenzaniso.”

Hungu, gadziriro dzimene dzinotsigira upenyu panotsamira rudzi rwose rwomunhu dziri kusekeswa. “Pasi rose zvaro riri mumugariro wakaipa zvikuru [kupfuura muna 1970],” anonyora kudaro mupepeti wenhau Paul Hoffman mumagazini eDiscover. “Marara ava kuzadza nzvimbo dzedu dzakaderera. Mweya inopisa yedzimba dzamagirazi munokudzwa miti dziri kupisa mhepo yakapoteredza pasi. Dziviriro yeozone yapasi iri kutetepa. Magwenga ari kukura, uye masango emvura ari kuva maduku. Marudzi emiti nemhuka ava kutsakatika pamwero we 17 paawa.”

Wedzera kuna izvozvo miuyo yokushatiswa kunopfuuridzirwa kwenyika nemvura. Wedzera wedzero yakatsiga muchiverengero chavagari venyika, icho chinoguma nenyika huru yakaibva inovakirwa pairi kana kukurwa, nomutoo iwoyo kuchiwedzera kutsakatika kwamarudzi emhuka nemiti. Rangarira kushomeka kunowedzera kwemigove yemvura yakanaka nechinetso chemvura ine asidhi. Wedzera miuyo inotyisidzira utano yemhepo yakashatiswa zvikuru nezvinetso zvetsvina ine ngozi. Pamwe chete, zvose zvinoreva ngwavaira nokuda kwedzinza romunhu. Upi kana upi kana kuti kupi kana kupi kwatiri, tinoda mhepo, zvokudya, mvura, uye zvinhu zvisati zvagadzirwa kuti tivepo. Tinozvida zvisina kushatiswa uye mumwero wakakwana. Nechekare, “nokuda kwavarombo, makumi masere amakore akanga ari engwavaira isina kuderedzwa, nguva yezvokudya zvishomanene nemwero yorufu inowedzera,” inodaro State of the World 1990.

Nedzinza romunhu riri kutyisidzirwa munzira dzakawanda kwazvo, ko munhu upi noupi anogona here kuramba kuti nyika itsva inodikanwa zvikuru kwazvo? Asi ikoko ibviro chaiyoiyo here? Nyika yakadaro ingabva mumanyukoi? Imhinganidzoi dzinofanira kukurirwa pasi redu risati ragona chaizvoizvo kurangarirwa kuva rakakotsekana nerinobudirira? Ngationei.

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

[Vakatipa Mufananidzo uri papeji 4]

WHO photo by P. Almasy