Kubva paSeder Kuenda Kuruponeso

“Ndichasimudza mukombe wokuponeswa, ndichidana zita raJehovha.”—PISAREMA 116:13.

1. Rwiyoi runodikanwa kupfuura dzose rungatapura nguva yako yemberi?

UNGAFARIKANYA sei rwiyo runobata nokuva kwako nenguva yemberi refu, inofadza? Zvomenemene, rwiyo rwakadaro ndichinodikanwa chinopfuura zvose. Bva, iwe unokwanisa zviri nani kupfuura vazhinjisa kunzwisisa ndokufarikanya urwu rwiyo rune revo. VaJudha vanorudana kuti Hallel (Rumbidzai). Rwakaumbwa naMapisarema 113 kusvikira ku 118, irwo runotikurudzira kuimba “Hareruya,” kana kuti “Rumbidzai Jah.”

2. Rwiyo urwu runoshandiswa sei, uye runowirirana sei neSeder?

² VaJudha vanoimba Hallel mumunamato wavo wePaseka, kuri kuimba sezviri pachena kunodzokera shure kusvikira apo Mwari aiva netembere apo mhuka dzaibairwa. Nhasi, runoimbwa mumisha yechiJudha mukati momunamato wePaseka nechidyo chinonzi Seder. Asi vashomanene vanoruimba muSeder yavo vanowana revo chaiyoiyo yePisarema 116:13: “Ndichasimudza mukombe wokuponeswa, ndichidana zita raJehovha.” Neiko, kunyanguvezvo, ruponeso ruchibatanidzwa nePaseka, uye kungagona kudaro here kuti ruponeso rwako runobatanidzwa?

Paseka—Mutambo Woruponeso

3. Ndaapi ari mashoko apakuvamba eSeder?

³ Yeuka kuti vaIsraeri vakanga vari varanda muEgipita pasi paFarao anodzvinyirira. Pakupedzisira, Jehovha akamutsa Mosesi kuti atungamirire vanhu Vake kurusununguko. Pashure pokunge Mwari aunza madambudziko mapfumbamwe paEgipita, Mosesi akazivisa rechigumi. Jehovha aizoparadza dangwe mumhuri iri yose yeEgipita. (Eksodho 11:1-10) Kunyanguvezvo, vaIsraeri vaigona kuponeswa. Seiko? Ivo vaifanira kuuraya gwai, kuisa ropa raro pamagwatidziro nezvivivo, uye kugara mukati vachidya chidyo chegwaiana, chingwa chisina kuviriswa, uye mirivo inovava. Mukati meSeder iyoyo, Mwari aizo“pfuura” asingaurayi dangwe ravo.—Eksodho 12:1-13.

4, 5. Paseka yakatungamirira sei kuruponeso nokuda kwavazhinji? (Pisarema 106:7-10)

⁴ Mumhinduro kuiri dambudziko rechigumi, Farao akaudza Mosesi, kuti: “Simukai, ibvai pakati pavanhu vangu, imi navana vaIsraeri: endai mundonamata Jehovha sezvamakataura.” (Eksodho 12:29-32) Pashure pokunge vaHebheru ne“boka guru rakavhengana” ravanzwiri urombo vaenda, Farao akachinja ndangariro yake ndokuvatandanisa. Mwari ipapo akabetsera vanhu vake nenzira yenenji kupukunyuka nomuGungwa Dzvuku, umo Farao nehondo yake inotevera vakafira.—Eksodho 12:38; 14:5-28; Pisarema 78:51-53; 136:13-15.

⁵ Mosesi akaudza Israeri paGungwa Dzvuku, kuti: “Musatya henyu, mirai mugoona sununguro yaJehovha, yaachakuitirai nhasi.” Gare gare ivo vakaimba, vachiti: “Jehovha ndiro simba rangu norwiyo rwangu; iye akava ruponeso rwangu; uyu ndiye Mwari wangu, ndichamurumbidza.” (Eksodho 14:13; 15:2) Hungu, kununurwa kwaIsraeri, mose muri muviri mudambudziko rechigumi nomuGungwa Dzvuku, rwakanga rwuri ruponeso. Wezvamapisarema aigona kusanorondedzera Jehovha saMwari “anoita ruponeso rukuru pakati papasi.”—Pisarema 68:6, 20; 74:12-14, NW; Pis 78:12, 13, 22.

6, 7. Neiko Paseka yakatangwa, bva zvino ichichengetwa nemisiano nePaseka yokutanga?

⁶ VaHebheru vaifanira kuchengeta Paseka sechirangaridzo choruponeso. Mwari akati: “Zuva iri richava chirangaridzo kwamuri, munofanira kutambira Jehovha mutambo naro; munofanira kutamba mutambo naro pamarudzi enyu ose.” (Eksodho 12:14) Pachidyo chimwe nechimwe chePaseka, kana kuti Seder, baba vaifanira kuyeuchidza mhuri yavo nezvoruponeso irwoirwo. Jehovha akaraira, achiti: “Zvino kana vana venyu vakati kwamuri: ‘Basa iri rinoti kudiniko?’ Muti kwavari: ‘Ndicho chibairo chepaseka yaJehovha, wakadarika dzimba dzavana vaIsraeri paEgipita, nomusi waakarova vaEgipita, akaponesa dzimba dzedu.’”—Eksodho 12:25-27.

⁷ Kuti vaJudha kusvikira kuzuva rino vanova neSeder yePaseka kunosimbisa umachokwadi hwenhauro iyoyo. Mimwe yemiitiro yavo, kunyanguvezvo, inosiana neiyo Mwari akaraira. The Origins of the Seder inoti: “Bhaibheri rinobatanidza kurukurirano huru dzePaseka noMutambo weChingwa Chisina Kuviriswa; zvisinei, idzi rondedzero hadziwirirani nechengeto dzapashure dzezororo racho. Chaizvoizvo, muitiro weBhaibheri unonangidzira ngwariro pachibairo chepaseka, icho mumabhuku apashure peBhaibheri chisati chichine nzvimbo huru.” Chikonzero chikuru ndechokuti vaJudha vanoshaiwa tembere yezvibairo zvemhuka.

8. Chikonzeroi chaicho chatinacho chokurangarira Paseka?

⁸ MaKristu anogona kufunda nenzira inobetsera mitambo yose iyo Mwari akapa kuna Israeri wekare,a asi nokuda kwazvino mativi akati ePaseka anofanirwa nengwariro yedu chaiyo. Jesu, muJudha, akachengeta Paseka. Panhambo yokupedzisira yaakaita saizvozvo, iye akaonesa chengeto bedzi youmwari yamaKristu—Chirairo chaShe, chirangaridzo chorufu rwaJesu. Naizvozvo iyi chengeto yechiKristu inobatanidzwa nePaseka.

Chinopfuura Gwaiana rePaseka

9, 10. Gwaiana rePaseka rakanga riri chibairo chaicho, kana kuti chakasiana, sei?

⁹ VaHebheru 10:1 inotiudza kuti ‘mutemo wakanga uri mumvuri wezvinhu zvakanaka zvinouya.’ Cyclopædia of Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical Literature, yakanyorwa naM’Clintock naStrong, inoti: “Hakuna mumwe mumvuri wezvinhu zvakanaka zvichauya uri mumutemo unogona kukwikwidzana nomutambo wePaseka.” Zvikuru gwaiana rePaseka raiva nerevo yakapfuura mutambo unorangaridza kuti Mwari akaponesa sei dangwe uye ipapo vaHebheru vose vachibuda muEgipita.

¹⁰ Gwaiana iroro rakanga rakasiana muchiverengero chakati chamativi. Somuenzaniso, zvibairo zvakawanda zvemhuka zvoMutemo waMosesi zvaipiwa nomunhu mumwe pamusoro pezvivi zvomunhu oga kana kuti mhaka, uye mativi emhuka aipiswa paatari. (Revhitiko 4:22-35) Imwe nyama yomuchipiriso chokuyananisa yaipiwa kumuprista aibatira kana kuti kuvamwe vaprista. (Revhitiko 7:11-38) Zvisinei, gwaiana rePaseka raisashandiswa paatari, uye raipiwa neboka ravanhu, kazhinji kazhinji mhuri, avo vaifanira kuridya.—Eksodho 12:4, 8-11.

11. Ndoupi wakanga uri murangariro waJehovha wegwaiana rePaseka, uye rakanongedzera kuchii? (Numeri 9:13)

¹¹ Jehovha aikoshesa gwaiana rePaseka zvikuru kwazvo zvokuti akaridana kuti “chibairo changu.” (Eksodho 23:18; 34:25) Nyanzvi dzakataura kuti “chibairo chepaseka chakanga chiri chibairo chaJehovha chakaisvonaka.” Iri gwaiana nenzira isingarambwi rainongedzera, kana kuti rakafananidzira, chibairo chaJesu. Tinoziva ikoku nemhaka yokuti muapostora Pauro akadana Jesu kuti “paseka yedu [iyo] yakabairwa.” (1 VaKorinte 5:7) Jesu akaziviswa se“Gwaiana raMwari” uye “Gwaiana rakaurawa.”—Johane 1:29; Zvakazarurwa 5:12; Mabasa 8:32.

Ropa Rinoponesa Upenyu

12. Ropa regwaiana rakaita basai muPaseka yokutanga?

¹² Shure muEgipita ropa regwaiana raikosha kuruponeso. Apo Jehovha akauraya dangwe, Iye akapfuura dzimba umo makanga mune ropa pamagwatidziro. Uyezve, nemhaka yokuti vaHebheru vakanga vasiri kuchema rufu rwedangwe ravo, vakanga vachikwanisa kufamba nomuGungwa Dzvuku vachienda kurusununguko.

13, 14. Ropa raJesu rinoponesa upenyu uye riri madikanwa nokuda kworuponeso sei? (VaEfeso 1:13)

¹³ Ropa rinobatanidzwawo muruponeso nhasi—ropa rakadeurwa raJesu. Apo “paseka, mutambo wavaJudha, yakanga yava pedyo” muna 32 N.V., Jesu akaudza vateereri vazhinji, kuti: “Iye anodya nyama yangu uye anonwa ropa rangu ane upenyu husingaperi, uye ndichamumutsa pazuva rokupedzisira; nokuti nyama yangu ndizvokudya zvechokwadi, uye ropa rangu ndizvokunwa zvechokwadi.” (Johane 6:4, 54, 55, NW) Vateereri vake vose vechiJudha vaizorangarira Paseka inoswedera pedyo uye kuti ropa regwaiana rakashandiswa muEgipita.

¹⁴ Jesu panguva iyeyo akanga asiri kukurukura zviratidzo zvinoshandiswa muChirairo chaShe. Chengeto itsva iyoyo yamaKristu haina kutangwa kutozosvikira gore rimwe gare gare, naizvozvo kunyange vaapostora avo vakanzwa Jesu muna 32 N.V. vaisaziva chinhu nezvayo. Zvisinei, Jesu akanga achiratidza kuti ropa rake raikosha nokuda kworuponeso rusingaperi. Pauro akatsanangura, achiti: “Kupfurikidza naye tine kusunungurwa kupfurikidza norudzikinuro kupfurikidza neropa raiyeyo, hungu, kanganwirwo yokudarika kwedu, mukuwirirana nepfuma yomutsa wake usakafanirwa.” (VaEfeso 1:7, NW) Tinogona kurarama nokusingaperi kupfurikidza bedzi nekanganwirwo pahwaro hweropa raJesu.

Ruponesoi Uye Kupi?

15. Nokuda kwavaJudha vaiva muHebheru, ruponesoi namaropafadzo zvakava zvinobvira, uye chii chisina? (1 VaKorinte 10:1-5)

¹⁵ Ruponeso rwakaganhurirwa bedzi rwaibatanidzwa muEgipita yakare. Hakuna munhu akabva muEgipita aikarira kupiwa upenyu husingagumi pashure poKubuda. Chokwadi, Mwari akagadza vaRevhi kuva vaprista vorudzi rwacho, uye vamwe vorudzi rwaJudha vakava madzimambo apasi, asi vose ivava vaizofa. (Mabasa 2:29; VaHebheru 7:11, 23, 27) Nepo “boka guru rakavhengana” avo vakabvawo muEgipita vasina kuva namaropafadzo iwayo, ivo, pamwe chete navaHebheru, vaigona kukarira kusvika kuNyika Yakapikirwa ndokufarikanya upenyu hwenguva dzose hwokunamata Mwari. Zvisinei, vabatiri vaJehovha vapamberi pechiKristu vaiva nehwaro hwokukarira kuti, pashure penguva yakati, vaigona kufarikanya upenyu husingagumi pasi pano, apo Mwari akaronga rudzi rwomunhu kugara. Ikoku kwaizova mutsinhirano nechipikirwa chaJesu chiri pana Johane 6:54.

16. Vabatiri vakare vaMwari vaigona kukarira rudzii rworuponeso?

¹⁶ Mwari akashandisa vamwe vavabatiri vake vakare kunyora mashoko anokurudzira pamusoro pokusikwa kwapasi kuti rigarwe uye pamusoro pokurarama nokusingaperi pariri kwavakarurama. (Pisarema 37:9-11; Zvirevo 2:21, 22; Isaya 45:18) Bva, vanamati vechokwadi vaigona sei kuwana ruponeso rwakadaro kana vakafa? Kupfurikidza nokuvadzorera kwaMwari kuupenyu pasi pano. Jobho, somuenzaniso, akataura tariro yokuti aizoyeukwa ndokudanwa kuti adzokere kuupenyu. (Jobho 14:13-15; Dhanieri 12:13) Nenzira yakajeka, chimiro chimwe choruponeso ndechokuupenyu husingaperi pasi pano.—Mateo 11:11.

17. Bhaibheri rinoratidza kuti vamwe vangawana ruponesoi rwakasiana?

¹⁷ Bhaibheri rinotaurawo nezvoruponeso kuupenyu mudenga, uko Jesu Kristu akaenda pashure porumuko rwake. “Iye ari kurudyi rwaMwari, nokuti akaenda kudenga; uye ngirozi nezviremera namasimba zvakaiswa pasi pake.” (1 Petro 3:18, 22, NW; VaEfeso 1:20-22; VaHebheru 9:24) Asi Jesu haasati achifanira kuva munhu bedzi anoendeswa kudenga. Mwari akasarudza kuti iye achatorawo mupasi chiverengero chiduku zvikuru chavamwe. Jesu akaudza vaapostora, kuti: “Mumba maBaba vangu mune nzvimbo zhinji dzokugara; . . . Ndinoenda kundokugadzirirai pokugara. Kana ndaenda kundokugadzirirai pokugara, ndinozouyazve, ndikugamuchirei kwandiri; kuti apo pandiri; nemi mugovapowo.”—Johane 14:2, 3.

18. Isu zvino tine chikonzeroi chokunangidzira ngwariro paruponeso rwokuupenyu hwokudenga?

¹⁸ Ruponeso kuupenyu hwokudenga muhumwe naJesu zvamazvirokwazvo hwakaisvonaka zvikuru kupfuura ruponeso rwakaganhurirwa runobatanidzwa nePaseka yokutanga. (2 Timotio 2:10) Pakanga pari pamadekwana eSeder yapamutemo yokupedzisira, kana kuti chidyo chePaseka, apo Jesu akatanga chengeto itsva yavateveri vake, iyo yakanangidzira ngwariro paruponeso rwokuupenyu hwokudenga. Iye akaudza vaapostora, kuti: “Rambai muchiita ikoku muchindirangarira.” (Ruka 22:19, NW) Tisati tarangarira kuti maKristu anofanira kuchengeta sei iyi chengeto, ngatirangarirei nhau yeapo tinofanira kuita saizvozvo.

“Nguva Yakagadzwa”

19. Neiko kune mufungo kubatanidza Paseka neChirairo chaShe?

¹⁹ Jesu akanga ati: “Ndakanga ndichida zvikuru kudya paseka iyi nemi ndisati ndatambura.” (Ruka 22:15) Iye pashure paikoko akarondedzera Chirairo chaShe, icho vateveri vake vaifanira kuchengeta sechirangaridzo chorufu rwake. (Ruka 22:19, 20) Paseka yaiitwa kamwe pagore. Nokudaro, kune mufungo kuti Chirairo chaShe chichengetwe gore negore. Riniko? Nenzira ine mufungo, muchirimo panguva yePaseka. Ikoko kwaizoreva apo Nisani 14 (karenda yechiJudha) yakasvika, panzvimbo pokubatirira nguva dzose kuChishanu nemhaka yokuti iroro rakanga riri zuva revhiki apo Jesu akafa.

20. Neiko Zvapupu zvaJehovha zvichifarira Nisani 14?

²⁰ Naizvozvo Nisani 14 waizova musi uyo Pauro airangarira paakanyora, achiti: “Nokuti nguva dzose, kana muchidya chingwa ichi, kana kunwa mukombe uyu, munoparidza rufu rwaShe, kusvikira achiuya.” (1 VaKorinte 11:26) Nokuda kwamazana amakore maviri akatevera, maKristu akawanda akabatirira kuna Nisani 14, ivo vachizivikanwa samaQuartodeciman, kubva muchiLatin nokuda kwe“rechi 14.” M’Clintock naStrong vanoshuma, kuti: “Chechi dzeAsia Minor dzaichengeta rufu rwaShe pazuva rinowirirana nerechi 14 romwedzi waNisani, pari pazuva, mukuwirirana nomurangariro weChechi yose yekare, kuroverera kwakaitika.” Nhasi, Zvapupu zvaJehovha zvinochengeta Chirairo chaShe gore negore pamusi unowirirana naNisani 14. Vamwe vakacherechedza, kunyanguvezvo, kuti ikoku kungasiana nomusi apo vaJudha vanova nePaseka yavo. Neiko?

21. Gwaiana rePaseka raifanira kubairwa rini, asi chii chinoita vaJudha nhasi?

²¹ Zuva rechiHebheru raivambira pakuvira kwezuva (panenge pa 6 kiroko) kusvikira kukuvira kwezuva kunotevera. Mwari akaraira kuti gwaiana rePaseka riurawe pana Nisani 14 “pakati pamadekwana maviri.” (Eksodho 12:6, NW) Ipapo paizova rini? VaJudha vazvino uno vanonamatira kumurangariro wavaRabhi wokuti gwaiana raifanira kuurawa pedyo nomugumo waNisani 14, pakati penguva apo zuva raivamba kudoka (panenge pa 3 kiroko) nokuvira kwezuva chaikoiko. Somuuyo, ivo vanova neSeder yavo pashure pokuvira kwezuva, apo Nisani 15 anenge avamba.—Marko 1:32.

22. Ndechipi chiri chikonzero nei musi weChirangaridzo ungasiana nomusi apo vaJudha vanova nePaseka yavo? (Marko 14:17; Johane 13:30)

²² Tine chikonzero chakanaka, zvisinei, chokunzwisisa kutaura kwacho nenzira yakasiana. Dheuteronomio 16:6 nenzira yakajeka yakataurira vaIsraeri ku“uraya chibairo chepaseka, mumadekwana, pakuvira kwezuva.” (Shanduro yechiJudha yeTanakh) Ikoku kunoratidzira kuti “pakati pamadekwana maviri” akanongedzera kunhambo yechiedza chapamberi napashure pokubuda kwezuva, kuvambira pakuvira kwezuva (uko kunovamba Nisani 14) kusvikira kurima chairoiro. VaJudha vakare veKaraiteb vaikunzwisisa neiyi nzira, sezvinoita vaSamariac kusvikira nhasi. Kubvuma kwedu kuti gwaiana rePaseka raibairwa uye kudyiwa “panguva yaro yakagadzwa” pana Nisani 14, kwete pana Nisani 15, ndicho chikonzero chimwe nei musi wedu weChirangaridzo pane dzimwe nguva uchisiana nomusi wechiJudha.—Numeri 9:2-5.

23. Neiko mwedzi ichiwedzerwa kukarenda yechiHebheru, uye ikoku kunoitwa sei navaJudha vomuzuva razvino uno?

²³ Chimwe chikonzero nei musi wedu ungasiana nouyo wavaJudha ndechokuti ivo vanoshandisa karenda yakasarudzwa kare, uri muitiro usina kuitwa kutozosvikira muzana ramakore rechina N.V. Vachishandisa iwoyu, ivo vanogona kuronga misi yaNisani 1 kana kuti yemitambo makumi amakore kana kuti mazana amakore pachine nguva mberi. Uyezve, karenda yomwedzi womudenga yakare yaida kuva nomwedzi wechi 13 unowedzerwa panhambo nenhambo kuitira kuti karenda yacho igobvumirana nemwaka. Karenda yechiJudha yazvino inowedzera uyu mwedzi panguva dzakagadzwa; mudenderedzwa ramakore 19, unowedzerwa kumakore 3, 6, 8, 11, 14, 17, uye 19.

24, 25. (a) Munguva yaJesu, mwedzi yaigadzwa sei uye kudikanwa kwemwedzi yokuwedzera kuchisarudzwa? (b) Musi weChirairo chaShe unogadzwa sei neZvapupu zvaJehovha?

²⁴ Zvisinei, Emil Schürer anotaura kuti “panguva yaJesu [vaJudha] vakanga vachiri vasina karenda yakagadzwa, asi pahwaro hwecherechedzo youmambo chose chose, vaivamba mwedzi mutsva mumwe nomumwe nokuoneka kwomwedzi mutsva, uye nenzira yakafanana pahwaro hwecherechedzo” vaiwedzera mwedzi sezvaidikanwa. “Kana . . . kwakacherechedzwa nechokumugumo kwegore kuti Paseka yaizosvika pamberi penguva yechirimo apo masikati nousiku zviri zvourefu hwakafanana [panenge pana March 21], kuiswa kwomwedzi pamberi paNisani kwairairwa.” (The History of the Jewish People in the Age of Jesus Christ, Volume 1) Mwedzi wokuwedzera nokudaro unopinda nenzira yomuzvarirwo, kwete kuwedzerwa nenzira isina mufungo.

²⁵ Mutumbi Unodzora weZvapupu zvaJehovha unogadza musi weChirairo chaShe mutsinhirano nomutoo wakare. Nisani 1 anosarudzwa apo mwedzi mutsva unenge uri pedyosa naapo zuva nousiku zvinenge zviri zvourefu hwakaenzana unogona sezvingabvira kucherechedzwa pakuvira kwezuva muJerusarema. Kuverenga mazuva 14 kuvambira ipapo kunosvitsa munhu kuna Nisani 14, uyo kazhinji kazhinji anowirirana nomusi wejena guru. (Ona Nharireyomurindi yaJanuary 1, 1978, mapeji 23, 24.) Pahwaro hwouyu mutoo weBhaibheri, Zvapupu zvaJehovha kupota pasi zvakaziviswa kuti kuchengetwa kweChirangaridzo gore rino kuchava pashure pokuvira kwezuva pana April 10.

26. Mativii okuwedzera eChirairo chaShe anofanirwa nengwariro yedu?

²⁶ Uyu musi unowirirana naNisani 14, pakanga pari apo Jesu akaita Paseka yokupedzisira yapamutemo. Zvisinei, kuchengeta Chirangaridzo kunopinza muchiono ruponeso runopfuura urwo Seder yechiJudha inochengeta. Tose zvedu tinofanira kunzwisisa chinoitika mukati meChirairo chaShe, chachinoreva, uye kuti ruponeso rwedu runobatanidzwa sei.

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

Ungapindura Sei?

◻ Neiko Paseka ichibatanidzwa nenzira yakafanira noruponeso?

◻ Chibairo chaJesu chinogona sei kuita zvakawanda kupfuura gwaiana rePaseka?

◻ Ruponesoi runowanikwa kupfurikidza naJesu?

◻ Zvapupu zvaJehovha zvinogadza sei nguva yakafanira yeChirairo chaShe?