Zvokwadi Pamusoro Pehero

SEZVINOONEKA, dzidziso huru inotsigira chitendero muchirango chapashure porufu chitendero chokuti munhu chaiyeiye haasati achifa zvomenemene apo muviri wenyama unofa asi kuti chimwe chinhu—chinowanzonzi mweya—chinopukunyuka rufu rwomuviri. Ichi chitendero, sezvataona munyaya yapfuura, chinodzokera shure kusvikira kuvaSumer navaBhabhironia vapakuvamba muMesopotamia. Gare gare, chakagamuchirwa navaGiriki, vane vazivi, vakadai saPlato, vakanatsa rondedzero yacho. Chitendero chavo chakanatswa chezviviri mu“muviri nomweya” chakava rutivi rwechitendero chechiJudha chakawa pakutenda.

MaKristu okuedzesera akagamuchira riniko chitendero muupenyu hwakadaro pashure porufu? Zvamazvirokwazvo kwete mukati menguva yaJesu navaapostora vake. Encyclopædia Universalis yechiFrench inoti: “Apocalypse of Peter [yenhema] (zana ramakore rechi 2 N.V.) rakanga riri bhuku rokutanga rechiKristu kurondedzera chirango nokutambudzwa kwavatadzi muhero.”

Kutaura idi, kunoratidzika kuti pakati pavavambi vokutanga vechechi, kwakanga kune kusabvumirana kukuru pamusoro pehero. Justin Martyr, Clement weAlexandria, Tertullian, uye Cyprian vaitsigira hero yomwoto. Origen akaedza kupa hero murangariro wokunyaradza, achitaura kuti vatadzi muhero vaizoponeswa pakupedzisira. Iye akateverwa kumwero mukuru zvikuru kana kuti muduku zvikuru naGregory weNazianzus naGregory weNyssa. Asi Augustine akagumisa mirangariro yakapfava yakadaro yehero. Mubhuku rake Early Christian Doctrines, purofesa weOxford J. N. D. Kelly anonyora, kuti: “Pakasvika zana ramakore rechishanu dzidziso yakasimba yokuti vatadzi havasati vachizova nebanza rechipiri pashure poupenyu huno uye kuti mwoto uyo uchavaparadza hausati uchizotongodzimwa yakanga iri huru munzvimbo iri yose.”

Pamusoro pepurigatori, bhuku rinonzi Orpheus—A General History of Religions rinoti: “St. Augustine akanga ataura kuti kwakanga kune mugariro wapakati womuedzo pakati pomufarwa womunguva yemberi neshurikidzo, uya wokucheneswa kwemweya nomwoto. Iyi idzidziso yaOrpheus [muGiriki wenhema] uye Virgil [muRoma wenhema] yePurigatori: hakuna shoko pamusoro payo muEvhangeri. . . . Dzidziso yePurigatori . . . yakaumbwa muzana ramakore rechitanhatu, uye yakaziviswa kuva dzidziso yeChechi neDare reFlorence (1439).” New Catholic Encyclopedia inobvuma, kuti: “Dzidziso yeKaturike pamusoro pepurigatori yakavakirwa pagamuchidzanwa, kwete paRugwaro Runoyera.” Pamusoro peLimbo, Cardinal weRoma Ratzinger anobvuma kuti “inongova bedzi rondedzero youmwari.”

Hapana Chirango Pashure Porufu

Zvakadini, kunyanguvezvo, nezveBhaibheri? Iro rinotaura here kuti mweya unopukunyuka muviri parufu uye unogona naizvozvo kurangwa muhero yomwoto kana kuti purigatori? New Catholic Encyclopedia inoti: “Murangariro wokurarama kwomweya pashure porufu haunzwisiswi nyore nyore muBhaibheri. . . . Mweya muT[estamende] Y[ekare] unoreva kwete rutivi rwomunhu, asi munhu wose—munhu sechinhu chipenyu. Nenzira yakafanana, muT[estamende] I[tsva] iwo unoreva upenyu hwohunhu: upenyu hwomunhu.”

Naizvozvo kutaura kukuru kwechirango pashure porufu kunokundikana. Bhaibheri rinoti: “Mweya unotadza uchafa.” (Ezekieri 18:4, Revised Standard Version, Chinyorwa cheKaturike) Rinotiwo: “Mibairo yechivi rufu.” (VaRoma 6:23, RSV) Naizvozvo, apo Bhaibheri rinotaura nezvavanhu vakaipa vasingapfidzi vachipinda mu“Gehena,” “mwoto usingaperi,” kana kuti “dziva romwoto,” riri kungoshandisa zvaro mutauro wokufananidzira kutaura nezvekutambura kwavo rufu rwechigarire, “rufu rwechipiri.”—Mateo 23:33; 25:41, 46; Zvakazarurwa 20:14; 21:8, NW;a enzanisa na 2 VaTesaronika 1:7-9.

Hero Inobviswa Varimo Norumuko

Ipapoka, hero inopisa here? Kwete mukuwirirana neBhaibheri. Zvamazvirokwazvo, mashoko echiHebheru nechiGiriki anoshandurwa mumamwe maBhaibheri se“hero” anongoreva zvawo guva ravose ravanhu vakafa. Haisi nzvimbo inopisa yokutambudza. Panzvimbo pezvo, inzvimbo yezororo, umo vakafa vachabuda murumuko. (Muparidzi 9:10; Mabasa 24:15) Oscar Cullmann, purofesa paTheological Faculty yeUniversity of Basel, Switzerland, uye weSorbonne, muParis, anotaura nezvo“musiano mukuru uri pakati pekariro yechiKristu yorumuko rwavakafa nechitendero chechiGiriki mukusafa kwomweya.” Nomazvo, iye anotaura kuti “idi rokuti chiKristu chapashure chakaparira kubatana pakati pezvitendero zviviri . . . haisati kutaura idi ichitongova batano asi kurambwa kwechimwe [dzidziso yeBhaibheri yorumuko] nokuda chimwe chacho [chitendero chechihedheni mukusafa kwomweya womunhu].” Kutsveyamisa mashoko ndokwedu.

Zvapupu zvaJehovha hazvina kuramba kutenda kwazvo murumuko zvichida pfungwa yokusafa kwomweya. Izvo zvichafadzwa kugoverana newe tariro yazvo inofadza ndokubvumikisa kwauri kubva muBhaibheri kuti, zvechokwadi, hero haipisi.

[Mashoko Omuzasi]