Bhuku reBhaibheri Nhamba 52—1 VaTesaronika

Munyori: Pauro

Nzvimbo Yakanyorerwa: Korinte

Kunyora Kwakapedzwa: Munenge muna 50 C.E.

1. (a) Tsamba yaVaTesaronika Yokutanga yakasvika sei pakunyorwa? (b) Akanga ari rini iyeyu, uye mutsaukanoi uyo tsamba yacho inodarozvo kuwana?

RAKANGA riri gore rinenge ra50 C.E. apo muapostora Pauro, mukati merwendo rwake rwechipiri rwokuparidza, akashanyira guta reMakedhonia reTesaronika uye ikoko akatanga ungano yechiKristu. Mukati megore rimwe, apo akanga ari muKorinte achiperekedzwa naSirvhano (Sirasi webhuku raMabasa) uye Timotio, Pauro akasundwa kunyora tsamba yake yokutanga kuvaTesaronika kuti avanyaradze nokuvavaka mukutenda. Sezvingabvira makanga muri mukupera kwa50 C.E. Iyi tsamba sezviri pachena ine mutsaukano wokuva yokutanga yamanyoro aPauro kuva rutivi rwendaza yamanyoro matsvene eBhaibheri uye, nokusiyiwa kunobvira kweEvhangeri yaMateo, bhuku rokutanga raMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki kunyorwa.

2. Ufakazii huripo hwokunyorwa kwetsamba yaVaTesaronika Yokutanga nouchokwadi?

² Ufakazi hunotsigira uchokwadi hwetsamba yacho neperero hwakakura. Pauro anozvizivisa amene nezita somunyori, uye bhuku racho rinotsinhirana mukati norutivi rwose rwasara rweShoko rakafuridzirwa. (1 VaT. 1:1; 2:18) Tsamba yacho inodudzwa nezita mundaza yamabhuku yapakuvamba zvikurusa yaMagwaro akafuridzirwa, kubatanidza Muratorian Fragment.a Tsamba yaVaTesaronika Yokutanga inonokorwa mashoko kana kuti zvimwe kunongedzerwa kwairi navakawanda vavanyori vapakuvamba vorudzidziso, kubatanidza Irenaeus (zana ramakore rechipiri C.E.), uyo anoidudza nezita. Chester Beatty Papyrus Nha. 2 (P⁴⁶), romunenge muna 200 C.E., rina VaTesaronika Wokutanga, uye mumwe mupumburu wamanyoro wenhokwe wezana ramakore rechitatu (P³⁰), zvino uri muGhent, Belgium, une zvimedu zvine mativi emabhuku ose ari maviri VaTesaronika Wokutanga noWechipiri.b

3, 4. Chii chakabva mukubudirira kwapakuvamba kwoushumiri hwaPauro kuTesaronika?

³ Kuringa nhau pfupi yeungano yepaTesaronika, tsamba ino isati yanyorwa, kunosimbisa mamirire ezvinhu ekare okuitira hanya kukuru kwaPauro hama muguta iroro. Kubvira pakuvamba pamene, ungano yacho yakatambudzwa nokushorwa zvakakomba. Muna Mabasa ganhuro 17, Ruka anoshuma kusvika kwaPauro naSirasi paTesaronika, “paiva nesinagoge ravaJudha.” KwamaSabata matatu, Pauro akavaparidzira, achirangarira navo muMagwaro, uye kune ratidziro dzokuti akagara ikoko kwenguva inotova refu zvikuru kupfuura iyoyi, nokuti akanga ane nguva yokuzvigadzirira amene kuti atange basa rake uye, kupfuura zvose, kuti atange ndokuronga ungano.—Mabasa 17:1; 1 VaT. 2:9; 1:6, 7.

⁴ Chinyorwa chiri pana Mabasa 17:4-7 chinorondedzera nenzira yakajeka mugumisiro wokuparidza kwomuapostora wacho muTesaronika. Vaine godo pamusoro pebudiriro youshumiri hwechiKristu hwaPauro, vaJudha vakaronga nyongori ndokunyandura guta. Vakadenha imba yaJasoni ndokumuzvuzvurudzira iye nedzimwe hama kuvatongi veguta, vachidanidzira, kuti: “Ava vakakanganisa nyika yose, vakasvika napanowo, Jasoni akavagamuchira; ava vose vanoita zvinopesana nezvirevo zvaKesari, vachiti, mumwe mambo uriko, unonzi Jesu.” Jasoni navamwe vakamanikidzirwa kugovera rubatso vasati vasunungurwa. Nokuda kwehama muungano, uyewo nokuda kwekotsekano yavo vamene yomunhu oga, Pauro naSirasi vakatumirwa usiku kuBherea. Asi ungano kuTesaronika zvino yakanga yatangwa.

5. Pauro akaratidza sei kuitira hanya kwake nokufarira kworudo ungano yeTesaronika?

⁵ Chishoro chinotyisa chakabva kuvaJudha chakaronda Pauro kuBherea ndokutyisidzira kugumisa kuparidza kwake ikoko. Ipapo akapfuurira kuenda kuAtene, muGirisi. Zvisinei aishuva kuziva kuti hama dzake muTesaronika dzakanga dzichirarama sei muchitambudzo. Kaviri akaedza kudzokera kwadziri, asi nguva imwe neimwe ‘Satani akavhara nzira yake.’ (1 VaT. 2:17, 18) Akazadzwa nokuitira hanya ungano duku uye achiziva nenzira inorwadza nezvechitambudzo chavakanga vari kutambura, Pauro akadzosera Timotio kuTesaronika kuti anyaradze hama ndokuita kuti dzive dzakasimba zvikuru mukutenda. Apo Timotio akadzokera nomushumo wake unofadza, Pauro akafadzwa zvikuru namashoko eperero yavo yakasimba pakati pechitambudzo chamasimba masimba. Chinyorwa chavo kusvikira pari zvino chakanga chava muenzaniso kuvatendi muMakedhonia mose neAkaya. (1:6-8; 3:1-7) Pauro akanga achionga Jehovha Mwari nokuda kwokutsungirira kwavo kwokutendeka, asi akazivawo kuti sezvo vaipfuurira kukura muukuru mumudzimu, vaizoda imwe nhungamiro nezano. Naizvozvo, apo akanga ari muKorinte aina Timotio naSirvhano, Pauro akanyora tsamba yake yokutanga kuvaTesaronika.

ZVIRI MUBHUKU RAVATESARONIKA ROKUTANGA

6. Pauro anorumbidza vaTesaronika nokuda kwechii?

⁶ VaTesaronika muenzaniso kuvamwe vatendi (1:1-10). Pauro anovamba tsamba yake kuvaTesaronika nerumbidzo youshamwari nokuda kwebasa ravo rokutendeka, basa rorudo, uye tsungiriro mutariro. Mashoko akanaka akaparidzwa pakati pavo akanga asina kuve ari nokutaura kwoga asi‘wo nesimba nokupwiswa kwakasimba.’ Vachitevedzera muenzaniso wavakapiwa, vaTesaronika vakanga vagamuchira shoko “nomufaro woMweya Mutsvene” uye ivo vamene vakanga vava muenzaniso kuvatendi vose muMakedhonia, Akaya, uye kunyange kupfuura. Vakanga vabva chose chose kuzvidhori zvavo, “kuti [va]batire Mwari mupenyu wazvokwadi, nokumirira Mwanakomana wake pakubva kwake kudenga.”—1:5, 6, 9, 10.

7. Pauro neshamwari dzake vakanga varatidzira chimiroi chendangariro apo vakanga vari pakati pavaTesaronika, uye vakanga vavakurudzira kuitei?

⁷ Kuitira hanya kworudo kwaPauro vaTesaronika (2:1–3:13). Pashure pokunyombwa muFiripi, Pauro neshamwari dzake vakava noushingi hwokuparidza kuvaTesaronika. Vakaita ikoku kwete savafadzi vavanhu kana kuti savanyengeri kana kuti sevanotsvaka mbiri inobva kuvanhu. Mukupesana, Pauro anoti, “takanga tiri vanyoro pakati penyu, somureri kana achivaraidza vana vake; saizvozvo takakushuvai kwazvo, tikati zvakanaka kuti tirege kugovana nemi Evhangeri yaMwari bedzi, asi kunyange nemweya yeduwo, nokuti makanga madikanwa nesu kwazvo.” (2:7, 8) Vakaramba vachikurudzira vaTesaronika, sezvinoita baba vana vavo, kuti varambe vachifamba nenzira yakafanira Mwari, uyo akanga achivadana kuUmambo hwake nembiri.

8. VaTesaronika vakava sei mufaro kuna Pauro, uye anonyengetererei nokuda kwavo?

⁸ Pauro anovarumbidza nokuda kwokugamuchira kwavo kwokudisa mashoko akanaka nokuda kwezvaari, “shoko raMwari.” Havasati vari voga mukutambudzwa navanhu vomunyika yavo vamene, nokuti vatendi vokutanga muJudhea vakatambura kutambudzwa kwakafanana navaJudha. Achifunganya pamusoro pegarikano yavo, Pauro, panhambo mbiri, aida kuuya kwavari pachake asi akadziviswa naSatani. Kuna Pauro navashandi biyake, hama dzeTesaronika ikorona yomufaro, “kubwinya [kwavo] nomufaro.” (2:13, 20) Apo akanga asingachagoni kutsungirira kushayikwa kwamashoko pamusoro pavo, Pauro akatuma Timotio kuTesaronika kuti asimbise kutenda kwavo nokuvanyaradza. Zvino Timotio achangobva kudzokera namashoko akanaka okubudirira kwavo kwomudzimu norudo, uye ikoku kwaunza nyaradzo nomufaro kumuapostora. Pauro anopa kuonga kuna Mwari uye anonyengetera kuti Ishe agovapa wedzero, kuti vagova norudo rukuru kune mumwe nomumwe, uye kuti mwoyo yavo igova “isina chaingapomerwa pautsvene” pamberi paMwari Baba pakuvapo kwaIshe Jesu.—3:13.

9. Pauro anokurudzirei pamusoro pokuitwa vatsvene nokudana?

⁹ Kubatira muutsvene norukudzo (4:1-12). Pauro anorumbidza vaTesaronika nokuda kwokufamba kuti vafadze Mwari, uye anovakurudzira kuramba vachikuita zvizere zvikuru. Mumwe nomumwe “azive kuzviwanira mudziyo wake noutsvene nokukudzwa, asingaiti nokukara kwokuchiva.” Muna ikoku, hapana munhu anofanira kuvhozhokera maruramiro ehama yake. Nokuti Mwari haana kuvadanira “tsvina, asi muutsvene. Naizvozvo unoramba izvozvo, haarambi munhu, asi Mwari.” (4:4, 5, 7, 8) Pauro anorumbidza vaTesaronika nemhaka yokuti vari kuratidza rudo mumwe kune mumwe, uye anovakurudzira kuramba vachiita ikoku mumwero wakazara zvikuru, vachiita vavariro yavo kurarama chinyararire uye kuitira hanya zvinhu zvavo vamene nokushanda namaoko avo. Nokuti vanofanira kufamba zvakanaka “kune vari kunze.”—4:12.

10. Hama dzinofanira kuva nechimiroi chendangariro pamusoro paavo vakavata murufu?

¹⁰ Tariro yorumuko (4:13-18). Pamusoro paavo vavete murufu, hama hadzifaniri kuchema sezvinoita avo vasina tariro. Kana kutenda kwadzo kuri kwokuti Jesu akafa ndokumukazve, naizvozvowo Mwari kupfurikidza naJesu achamutsa vamwe vakavata murufu. Pakuvapo kwaShe, iye achaburuka kubva kudenga nokudanidza kukuru, “vakafa muna Kristu vachatanga kumuka.” Mushure macho, avo vari vapenyu vacha“torwa pamwe chete navo mumakore, kuti tichingamidze Ishe mudenga,” kuti vave naShe nguva dzose.—4:16, 17.

11. Neiko vaTesaronika vachifanira kugara vakamuka, uye chii chavanofanira kuramba vachiita?

¹¹ Kuramba vakamuka sezvo zuva raJehovha rinosvika (5:1-28). “Zuva raShe rinosvika sembavha usiku.” Ruparadziko rwakamwe kamwe ruchavawira pakarepo apo vanhu vanenge vachiti “Rugare, nokugarika.” VaTesaronika, naizvozvo, ngavagare vakamuka se“vana vechiedza, navana vamasikati,” vachichengeta pfungwa dzavo uye vaka“pfeka chidzitiro chechifuva chokutenda norudo; nengowani ive tariro yoruponeso.” (5:2, 3, 5, 8) Iyi inguva yokuti varambe vachinyaradzana nokuvakana. Vose ngava“kudze zvikuru norudo” avo vanoshanda zvakaoma uye vanotungamirira pakati pavo. Pane rumwe rutivi, vasina nhevedzano vanofanira kupiwa zano, vakaneta kuvakwa, uye vose vanofanira kuratidzwa mwoyo murefu. Hungu, anonyora kudaro Pauro, “nguva dzose mutevere zvinhu zvakanaka, nokuna vose.”—5:13, 15.

12. Pakupedzisira Pauro anopa zano pamusoro penhaui dzinokosha, uye anopfiga sei tsamba yake kuvaTesaronika?

¹² Pakupedzisira, Pauro anopa zano pamusoro penhau dzinokosha dzakati kuti: ‘Farai nguva dzose. Nyengeterai nguva dzose, muchipa kuonga nokuda kwechinhu chiri chose. Musadzima mudzimu. Remekedzai kuporofita. Ivai nechokwadi chezvinhu zvose uye batisisai chakaisvonaka. Regai chimiro chiri chose chouipi.’ (5:16-22) Ipapo iye anonyengetera kuti Mwari amene worugare avatsvenese chose chose uye kuti vagoramba vari vasina chavanopomerwa mumudzimu, mweya, uye muviri pakuvapo kwaIshe Jesu Kristu. Anopfiga tsamba yacho namashoko oushamwari ekurudziro uye nomurayiridzo wakakomba wokuti tsamba yacho iraviwe kuhama dzose.

CHIKONZERO NEI RICHIBETSERA

13. Pauro neshamwari dzake vakanga vari muenzaniso wakaisvonaka muchii, uye kuratidzirwa kwokudisa kworudo kunova netapuroi muungano?

¹³ Muiyi tsamba Pauro akaratidzira mudzimu wokuitira hanya kworudo hama dzake. Iye navashumiri biyake vakanga vagadza muenzaniso wakaisvonaka wechidakadaka chinyoro, vachipa kwete bedzi mashoko akanaka aMwari asi kunyange mweya yavo vamene nokuda kwehama dzavo dzinodiwa muTesaronika. Vatariri vose ngavavavarire kuita zvisungo zvakadaro zvorudo neungano dzavo! Kuratidzirwa kwakadaro kworudo kuchanyandura vose kuratidza kudana, kunyange sezvakataura Pauro, kuti: “Ishe akukurisei, akuwanzisirei rudo pakati penyu nokuna vose, sezvatinoita isu kwamuri.” Urwu rudo runoratidzirwa nenzira yokudisa pakati pavose vavanhu vaMwari runovaka zvikurusa. Runoita kuti mwoyo ive “[yakasimba, NW], kuti ive isina chaingapomerwa pautsvene pamberi paMwari, Baba vedu, pakuuya kwaShe wedu Jesu pamwe chete navatsvene vake vose.” Runotsauranisa vaKristu nenyika yakashata neyounzenza kuti vagogona kufamba muutsvene nokuitwa vatsvene nokudaro ndokufadza Mwari.—3:12, 13; 2:8; 4:1-8.

14. VaTesaronika Wokutanga muenzaniso wakaisvonaka wezano rokungwarira pakutaura, rorudo munzirai?

¹⁴ Iyi tsamba inogovera muenzaniso wakaisvonaka wezano rokungwarira pakutaura, rorudo muungano yechiKristu. Kunyange zvazvo hama dzeTesaronika dzakanga dziri dzinoshingaira nedzakatendeka, kwakanga kune mavaifanira kururamisa. Muchiitiko chimwe nechimwe, zvisinei, Pauro anorumbidza hama pamusoro pamavara adzo akanaka. Somuenzaniso, mukunyevera pamusoro pokusachena kwetsika, iye anotanga kudzirumbidza pamusoro pokufamba kuti dzifadze Mwari uye ipapo anodzikurudzira kukuita “nokuwanzisisa pana izvozvo,” mumwe nomumwe achichengeta mudziyo wake muutsvene norukudzo. Ipapo, pashure pokudzirumbidza pamusoro porudo rwadzo rwouhama, iye anodzikurudzira kupfuurira neiyi nzira “nokuwanzisisa pana izvozvi,” vachiitira hanya zvinhu zvavo vamene uye vachirarama upenyu hwakanaka pamberi paavo vari kunze. Nenzira yokungwarira pakutaura Pauro anorayira hama dzake kuti dzi“tevere zvinhu zvakanaka, mumwe kuno mumwe, nokuna vose.”—4:1-7, 9-12; 5:15.

15. Chii chinoratidzira kuti Pauro akaparidza nenzira yokushingaira tariro yoUmambo apo akanga ari kuTesaronika, uye izanoi rakaisvonaka iro iye akapa muna ikoku?

¹⁵ Panhambo ina Pauro anodudza “kuuya” kwaJesu Kristu. Sezviri pachena vaKristu vachangobva kutendeutswa paTesaronika vakanga vachifarira zvikuru kudzidzisa kwake. Apo akanga ari muguta ravo, Pauro pasina panikiro akanga aparidza nenzira youshingi pamusoro poUmambo hwaMwari hunodzorwa naKristu, sezvinoratidzirwa nepomero dzakaunzirwa iye neshamwari dzake: “Ava vose vanoita zvinopesana nezvirevo zvaKesari, vachiti, mumwe mambo uriko, unonzi Jesu.” (Mabasa 17:7; 1 VaT. 2:19; 3:13; 4:15; 5:23) Hama dzeTesaronika dzakanga dzaisa tariro yadzo paUmambo uye, dzichiva nokutenda kuna Mwari, dzakanga dzichimirira “Mwanakomana wake pakubva kwake kudenga, iye waakamutsa kuvakafa, ndiye Jesu,” kuti adzinunure mukutsamwa kunouya. Nenzira yakafanana, vose vanokarira Umambo hwaMwari nhasi vanofanira kuteerera zano rakaisvonaka raVaTesaronika Wokutanga kuti vave norudo rwakawanda, nemwoyo yakasimba neisina chaingapomerwa, kuti vago‘pfuurira kufamba nenzira yakafanira Mwari uyo ari kuvadanira kuumambo hwake nembiri.’—1 VaT. 1:8, 10; 3:12, 13; 2:12.

[Mashoko Omuzasi]