Kushanduka-shanduka

Dzidziso yokushanduka-shanduka ndeyesayenzi zvechokwadi here?

Nzira inoshandiswa nevezvesayenzi ndeiyi: Cherechedza zvinoitika; kubva pane zvaunenge waona, fungidzira kuti zvingava zvechokwadi ndezvipi; edza kuona zvaunofungidzira zvacho nokucherechedzazve uye nokuongorora; uye tarira uone kana zvawanga uchifungidzira zvichizoitika. Iyi ndiyo nzira inoshandiswa nevaya vanodavira uye vanodzidzisa kushanduka-shanduka here?

Robert Jastrow anoongorora zvomuchadenga anoti: “[Masayendisiti] akaora mwoyo nokuti haawani mhinduro yakajeka, nokuti vanoita nezvechemistry havasati vabudirira kutevedzera kusikwa kwakaitwa upenyu kubva pazvinhu zvisina upenyu. Masayendisiti haazivi kuti izvozvo zvakaitika sei.”—The Enchanted Loom: Mind in the Universe (New York, 1981), peji 19.

Loren Eiseley anodzidzisa nezvokushanduka-shanduka kwezvinhu akabvuma kuti: “Pashure pokutsoropodza nyanzvi yezvechitendero kuti inovimba nengano nezvishamiso, vezvesayenzi vakazviwana vachifanira kuva neyavowo ngano: kureva kuti, kufungidzira kuti chinhu chisingagoni kuratidzwa kuti chinoitika mazuva ano, pashure pokuedza kwenguva refu, zvechokwadi chakaitika kare kare.”—The Immense Journey (New York, 1957), peji 199.

Maererano nemagazini inonzi New Scientist: “Masayendisiti akawanda, mazhinji acho ari anodzidzisa nezvokushanduka-shanduka . . . anoti dzidziso yaDarwin yokushanduka-shanduka haisitombori dzidziso yesayenzi yechokwadi. . . . Vatsoropodzi vakawanda vacho vane dzidzo yepamusoro zvikuru.”—June 25, 1981, peji 828.

H. S. Lipson anoita nezvephysics akati: “Tsananguro inongogamuchirika chete ndeyokuti zvinhu zvakaita zvokusikwa. Ndinoziva kuti ichi chinhu chakavengwa nevanoita zvephysics uye ini ndinochivengawo, asi hatifaniri kuramba dzidziso yatinenge tisingafariri kana uchapupu hwakaongororwa huchiitsigira.” (Tatsveyamisa mabhii.)—Physics Bulletin, 1980, Vol. 31, peji 138.

Vaya vanotsigira dzidziso yokushanduka-shanduka vanobvumirana here? Chokwadi ichi chinokuita kuti ufunge sei pamusoro pezvavanodzidzisa?

Mashoko okusuma ari mubhuku raDarwin rinonzi Origin of Species (London, 1956) anoti: “Sezvatinoziva, vanodzidza nezvezvinhu zvipenyu vane mafungiro akasiyana-siyana zvikuru, kwete panyaya yezvakakonzera kushanduka-shanduka chete asi kunyange nezvokushanduka-shanduka kwacho chaiko. Havawirirani nokuti uchapupu hwacho hahugutsi uye hahuiti kuti pave nemhedziso yechokwadi. Nokudaro zvakarurama uye zvakakodzera kuita kuti vanhu vasingazive sayenzi vaone kusawirirana kuripo pamusoro pokushanduka-shanduka.”—Rakadzokororwa naW. R. Thompson, aiva mutungamiriri weCommonwealth Institute of Biological Control, Ottawa, Canada.

“Makore zana pashure pokufa kwaDarwin, hatisati tawana kana kapfungwa kokuti kushanduka-shanduka kwakanyatsoitika sei—uye mumakore achangopfuura izvi zvakaita kuti pave nemagakava akawanda anoramba aripo pamusoro penyaya yacho. . . . Vanodzidzisa kushanduka-shanduka pachavo vane hondo chaiyo pakati pavo, boka rimwe nerimwe [revanodzidzisa kushanduka-kushanduka] richikurudzira mafungiro matsva.”—C. Booker (munyori weLondon Times), The Star, (Johannesburg), April 20, 1982, peji 19.

Magazini yesayenzi inonzi Discover yakati: “Dzidziso yokushanduka-shanduka . . . haisi kungotsoropodzwa nevaKristu chete, asiwo masayendisiti ane mukurumbira haana chokwadi nayo. Masayendisiti anodzidza nezvezvisaririra ari kuwedzera kusawirirana kwawo.”—October 1980, peji 88.

Zvisaririra zvinotsigira pfungwa ipi?

Darwin akabvuma kuti: “Kana zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana . . . zvakatanga kuva noupenyu panguva imwe chete, chokwadi ichocho chingaisa dzidziso yokushanduka-shanduka mungozi.” (The Origin of Species, New York, 1902, Part Two, peji 83) Uchapupu hunoratidza kuti “zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana” zvakavapo panguva imwe chete here, kana kuti zvakachinja zvishoma nezvishoma, sezvinotaurwa nedzidziso yokushanduka-shanduka?

Kwakawanikwa zvisaririra zvakakwana zvokuti tiwane mhedziso inonzwisisika here?

Porter Kier, musayendisiti wepaSmithsonian Institution anoti: “Mumamiziyamu ari pasi pose mune zvisaririra zvinosvika mamiriyoni zana, zvose zvakarongwa uye zvinozivikanwa.” (New Scientist, January 15, 1981, peji 129) Bhuku rinonzi A Guide to Earth History rinowedzera kuti: “Vachibatsirwa nezvisaririra, vanodzidza nezvezvisaririra vava kukwanisa kutitsanangurira zvakajeka nezvoupenyu hwekare kare.”—(New York, 1956), Richard Carrington, Mentor edition, peji 48.

Zvisaririra zvinonyatsoratidzei?

Gwaronhau rinonzi Bulletin reField Museum of Natural History yokuChicago rakati: “Dzidziso yaDarwin [yokushanduka-shanduka] yakabatana zvikuru nouchapupu hunobva kuzvisaririra, uye zvichida vanhu vakawanda vanoti zvinopa humwe hwouchapupu hunokosha zvikuru hunotsigira zvaifungidzirwa naDarwin nezvenhoroondo youpenyu. Zvinosiririsa kuti ichi hachisi chokwadi chakazara. . . . Panguva iyoyo uye kusvika iye zvino vanodzidza nezvematombo havasati vawana uchapupu hunoratidza kushanduka-shanduka kunoitika zvishoma nezvishoma uye zvinhu zvichivandudzika.—January 1979, Vol. 50, No. 1, mapeji 22, 23.

Bhuku rinonzi A View of Life rinoti: “Kutanga panotangira nguva yokucherwa kwematombo kusvika kumakore anenge mamiriyoni 10, mapoka ose makuru emarangwanda ezvisikwa zvisina mapfupa akatanga kuonekwa pakusiyana-siyana kwezvinhu kunoshamisa kwati kwambooneka pasi pano.”—(California, 1981), Salvador E. Luria, Stephen Jay Gould, Sam Singer, peji 649.

Alfred Romer anodzidza nezvezvisaririra akanyora kuti: “Nechepazasi [nguva yeCambrian], pane ivhu nematombo matinogona kutarisira kuwana madzitateguru nezvinhu zvakararama munguva yeCambrian asi hatiawani, uye idzi nhurikidzwa dzeivhu nematombo dzekare kare dzinoita sokuti hadzina uchapupu hwokuti dzine upenyu, uye kuti maonero anogona kunzi anoenderana nepfungwa yokusika pakutanga kwenguva yeCambrian.”—Natural History, October 1959, peji 467.

Harold Coffin anodzidza nezvemhuka anoti: “Kana kushanduka-shanduka zvishoma nezvishoma kwezvinhu zviri nyore kunzwisisa kusvika kune zvakaoma kwakarurama, madzitateguru ezvisikwa zvakazara zvine upenyu zvinonzi zvakararama munguva yeCambrian anofanira kuwanikwa; asi haasati awanikwa uye masayendisiti anobvuma kuti pane tariro duku kwazvo yokuti achazombowanikwa. Zvichibva pachokwadi chiripo chete, pazvinhu zvinotowanika panyika, dzidziso yokuti zvinhu zvakaita zvokusikwa ndiyo inonyatsokodzera.”—Liberty, September/October 1975, peji 12.

Mubhuku rake rinonzi Cosmos, Carl Sagan akabvuma pachena kuti: “Uchapupu hwezvisaririra hunogona kuenderana nepfungwa yokuti kune Mugadziri Mukuru.”—(New York, 1980), peji 29.

Kushanduka-shanduka kungave kwakaitika pamusana pokuchinja kwemajini here?

Magazini inonzi Science Digest inoti: “Vanoongorora uchapupu hwokushanduka-shanduka vanodavira kuti kuchinja kwemajini anokosha kungabatsira padzidziso yavo yokuti zvinhu zvakangochinja nokukurumidza.” Zvisinei, magazini yacho yakatiwo Colin Patterson anodzidza nezvemhuka kuBritain akati: “Kufungidzira kunobvumirwa, hapana zvatinoziva nezvemajini iwaya anokosha.” (February 1982, peji 92) Nemamwe mashoko, hapana uchapupu hunotsigira pfungwa yacho.

The Encyclopedia Americana inobvuma kuti: “Chokwadi chokuti kuchinja kwemajini kwakawanda kunokuvadza chisikwa chacho chakaoma kuti chibatane nepfungwa yokuti kuchinja kwemajini ndiko kwakaita kuti pave nokushanduka-shanduka. Chokwadi, majini akachinja anoratidzwa mumabhuku anodzidzisa nezvezvinhu zvipenyu anongova zvinhu zvinoshamisa zvakashata uye kuchinja kwemajini kunenge kunotokuvadza pane kubatsira.”—(1977), Vol. 10, peji 742.

Zvakadini nemaape anoratidzwa mumabhuku okuchikoro, maenisaikoropidhiya uye mamiziyamu?

“Nyama nebvudzi zviri pazvinhu zvakadaro zvinotofanira kuiswa vachiita zvokufungidzira. . . . Ruvara rweganda; chimiro, uye kuwanda kwebvudzi; zvakaita nhengo dzemuviri; uye zvakaita chiso—pazvinhu izvozvi hapana chatinomboziva kuti chakanga chakaita sei pavanhu vekare kare.”—The Biology of Race (New York, 1971), James C. King, mapeji 135, 151.

“Zvizhinji zvinoitwa nenyanzvi dzemifananidzo hazvina uchapupu asi ndezvekufungidzira. . . . Nyanzvi dzemifananidzo dzinofanira kugadzira chimwe chinhu chiri pakati peape nomunhu; uye chinhu chacho kana chichinzi ndechekare zvikuru, vanonyanyochifananidza neape.”—Science Digest, April 1981, peji 41.

“Sezvatiri kungodzidza zvishoma nezvishoma kuti vanhu vekare vakanga vasiri mhuka, tinofanira kuziva kuti vanhu vokutanga muIce Age vakanga vasiri mhuka dzine utsinye kana kuti vakada kuita kunge maape. Ndosaka huri upenzi kuedza kugadzira vanhu vekare kare.”—Man, God and Magic (New York, 1961), Ivar Lissner, peji 304.

Ko mabhuku okuchikoro haatauri nezvokushanduka-shanduka sechinhu chakaitika zvechokwadi here?

“Masayendisiti akawanda anobvuma kukurirwa nomuedzo wokufunga kuti zvavanofunga ndizvo chete zvakarurama, . . . kakawanda nyaya yekwakabva zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana inotaurwa sokuti inyaya yakatobvumiranwa. Inotaurwa sokuti hapana chimwe chokwadi chinopfuura ichocho. . . . Asi pfungwa yokuomerera pakuti zvavanofunga ndizvo chete zvakarurama inongoramba iripo, uye haina zvainobatsira pasayenzi.”—The Guardian, London, England, December 4, 1980, peji 15.

Asi zvine musoro here kubvuma kuti zvinhu zvose zviri pasi pano zvakasikwa mumazuva matanhatu?

Kune mamwe mapoka ezvitendero anodzidzisa kuti Mwari akasika zvinhu zvose mumazuva matanhatu emaawa 24. Asi Bhaibheri haritauri izvozvo.

Genesisi 1:3-31 inotaura zvakaitwa naMwari kuti pasi rakanga ratovapo rikwanise kugarwa nevanhu. Inoti izvi zvakaitwa mumazuva matanhatu, asi haitauri kuti aya aiva mazuva emaawa 24. Hazvishamisi kuti mumwe munhu ataure nezve“zuva rasekuru” vake achireva nguva yavakararama. Saka Bhaibheri rinowanzoshandisawo shoko rokuti “zuva” pakutsanangura nguva yakareba. (Enzanisa na2 Petro 3:8.) Naizvozvo zvine musoro kuti ‘mazuva’ anotaurwa muchitsauko chokutanga chaGenesisi angareva zviuru zvemakore.

Kuti uwane mamwe mashoko, ona peji 167.

Kana Mumwe Munhu Akati—

‘Ndinodavira mukushanduka-shanduka’

Ungapindura kuti: ‘Munodavira kuti Mwari ane zvaakaitawo here, kana kuti munodavira kuti kubvira pakutanga upenyu hwakangovapo hwega? (Ibva waenderera mberi maererano nezvinotaurwa nemunhu wacho.)’

Kana kuti ungati: ‘Zvaisazova nomusoro kuramba chimwe chinhu chakabudiswa pachena nesayenzi handiti? . . . Pano ndine mamwe mashoko emasayendisiti anonakidza zvikuru nezvenyaya iyi. (Shandisa mashoko ari pamapeji 156, 157, pasi pomusoro muduku unoti “Dzidziso yokushanduka-shanduka ndeyesayenzi zvechokwadi here?” kana kuti mashoko ari papeji 157, pasi pomusoro unoti “Vaya vanotsigira dzidziso yokushanduka-shanduka vanobvumirana here? . . . ”)’

Zvimwe zvaungataura ndezvokuti: ‘Kana chimwe chinhu chiine uchapupu hwakasimba hunochitsigira, tose tinofanira kuchidavira handiti? . . . Ndinoyeuka kuti mumabhuku angu okuchikoro maiva nemifananidzo yezvisaririra yaitsigira dzidziso yokushanduka-shanduka. Asi kubvira ipapo ndakaverenga mamwe mashoko anonakidza anotaurwa nemasayendisiti nezvezvisaririra. Ndine mamwe emashoko acho pano. (Shandisa mashoko ari pamapeji 157-159, pasi pomusoro muduku unoti “Zvisaririra zvinotsigira pfungwa ipi?”)’

Rimwezve zano nderokuti: ‘Ndizvo here kuti muri munhu anoda kuona upenyu sezvahuri chaizvo? . . . Ndizvo zvandinoitawo.’ Ungawedzerawo kuti: ‘Kana ndikafamba mumaruwa ndobva ndaona kuti mapango nematombo zvakagadzirwa kuva imba, zvinofanira kuva pachena kwandiri kuti pane mumwe munhu akaivaka handiti? . . . Asi, zvaizova nomusoro here kuti nditi maruva ari kukura padivi peimba yacho akangoerekana avapo? Kana ndichidaro ndinofanira kunyatsotarisa magadzirirwe aakaitwa, nokuti ndinoziva kuti ichokwadi kuti kana paine chinhu chakagadzirwa panofanira kuva neakachigadzira. Izvi ndizvo zvinotaurwa neBhaibheri pana VaHebheru 3:4.’

Kana kuti ungapindura (munhu mukuru) kuti: ‘Imwe pfungwa huru nezvokushanduka-shanduka ndeyokuti inotsanangura nezvokuvandudzika kwevanhu, kuchinja kwavakaita kuti vasvike pavari iye zvino, handizvo here?’ Ungawedzerawo kuti: (1) ‘Imi muri munhu ararama kwemakore akati. Munoyeuka here kuti zvinhu zvakanga zvakaita sei pamaiva mwana? Kwaiva nokuparwa kwemhosva kwakawanda sekuriko iye zvino here? . . . Maifanira kungogara makakiya dhoo here? . . . Mungati vanhu kare ikako vaiva nehanya zvikuru nevavakidzani vavo uye vanhu vakura kupfuura zvavari kuita mazuva ano here? . . . Saka kunyange zvazvo kwava nokufambira mberi zvikuru mukugadzirwa kwezvinhu, vanhu pachavo vanoita sevari kurasikirwa nohumwe unhu hunokosha zvikuru. Nei izvi zviri kuitika?’ (2) ‘Ndinoona kuti chokwadi choupenyu ichi chatinoona tose chinoenderana nezvakanyorwa pano muBhaibheri pana VaRoma 5:12. . . . Saka, chokwadi zvinhu zvose zviri kudzikira.’ (3) ‘Asi Bhaibheri rinoratidza kuti izvozvo zvichachinja sei. (Dhan. 2:44; Zvak. 21:3, 4)’

‘Ndinodavira kuti Mwari akasika munhu kuburikidza nokushanduka-shanduka’

Ungapindura kuti: ‘Ndakataura nevamwe vane mafungiro akafanana neenyu. Ndizvo here kuti muri munhu anotenda zvakasimba muna Mwari? . . . Saka kutenda kwenyu kunokosha zvikuru muupenyu hwenyu; uye kunokutungamirirai pamunoedza kuongorora zvimwe zvinhu, handiti? . . . Ndiwo maonero anguwo.’ Ungawedzerawo kuti: (1) ‘Ndinoziva kuti kana zvandinotenda zviri zvechokwadi hazvizopesani nechokwadi chinotsigirwa nesayenzi. Asi ndinozivawo kuti hwaizova upenzi kuramba zvinotaurwa neShoko raMwari, nokuti Mwari anoziva zvakawanda zvikuru nezvemabasa ake kupfuura chero ani wedu. Ndinofadzwa nezvinotaurwa neBhaibheri, Shoko rakafuridzirwa raMwari, pano pana Genesisi 1:21 (simbisa mashoko okuti “maererano nemarudzi azvo”).’ (2) ‘Uye pana Genesisi 2:7 tinodzidza kuti Mwari akaumba munhu kwete kubva pamhuka dzepakutanga asi kubva muguruva.’ (3) ‘Uye Ge 2 mundima 21, 22 tinoona kuti Evha akaumbwa, kwete kubva pamhuka, asi kubva paimwe yembabvu dzaAdhamu.’

Kana kuti ungati: ‘(Kana mava nezvamunobvumirana sezviri pamusoro apa . . . ) Vamwe vanoti zvinotaurwa neBhaibheri nezvaAdhamu zvaingova ngano. Asi kana ichocho chiri chokwadi, zvinoita kuti tizoguma tati kudii?’ (1) ‘Onai zvinotaurwa pano pana VaRoma 5:19: “Vazhinji zvavakaitwa vatadzi nokuda kwokusateerera kwomunhu mumwe chete [Adhamu], saizvozvowo nokuda kwokuteerera kwomunhu mumwe chete [Jesu Kristu] vazhinji vachaitwa vakarurama.” Saizvozvowo 1 VaKorinde 15:22 inoti: “Vose zvavari kufa muna Adhamu, saizvozvowo vose vachaitwa vapenyu muna Kristu.” Asi zvechokwadi kana kwakanga kusina “munhu mumwe chete” ainzi Adhamu, saka munhu akadaro haana kumbotadza. Kana asina kutadza uye asina kupfuudza nhaka yechivi kuvana vake, saka Kristu akanga asingafaniri hake kupa upenyu hwake nokuda kwevanhu. Kana Kristu zvechokwadi asina kutifira, saka hapana tariro yohumwe upenyu pashure pemakore mashoma atinorarama iye zvino. Izvozvo zvaizoreva kuti chiKristu hachina zvachinobatsira.’ (2) ‘Asi chiKristu chine tsika dzakakwirira zvikuru dzinogona kuwanikwa chero kupi. Zvinoita here kuti dzidziso dzakanaka zvikuru dzinotaura nezvechokwadi uye kutendeseka dzibve kune chimwe chinhu chenhema?’ (Onawo mapeji 25-27, pasi pomusoro mukuru unoti, “Adhamu naEvha.”)

‘Asi vanhu vakadzidza zvikuru vanotenda mukushanduka-shanduka’

Ungapindura kuti: ‘Ichokwadi, asi ndakaona kuti kunyange vaya vanoti vanoitenda vangasabvumirana zvakasimba nevamwe vanotenda mukushanduka-shanduka. (Taura mienzaniso iri mumashoko ari papeji 157.) Saka, tinofanira kuongorora toga uchapupu hwacho kuti tione zvatinofanira kutenda—kushanduka-shanduka kana kuti kusika.’

Kana kuti ungati: ‘Ichocho ichokwadi. Asi ndakaona kuti kune vamwe vanhu vakadzidza zvikuru vasingatendi mukushanduka-shanduka.’ Ungawedzerawo kuti: (1) ‘Nei vaine mafungiro akasiyana? Vose vanoziva uchapupu hwakafanana. Vangave vaine zvavanovavarira here? Zvingangodaro.’ (2) ‘Mungaziva sei kuti motenda zvinotaurwa nevapi? Muchitarira boka racho rose (uye musingaiti zvokutsoropodza munhu mumwe nomumwe) iboka ripi ramunofunga kuti rakatendeseka zvikuru—revaya vanodavira kuti munhu akasikwa naMwari saka anozvidavirira kwaari here, kana kuti vaya vanoti vanhu vakangoerekana vavapo saka hapana wavanozvidavirira kwaari?’ (3) ‘Saka, somunhu mumwe nomumwe tinofanira kuongorora uchapupu kuti tione kana kusikwa kana kushanduka-shanduka kwezvinhu kuchipa mhinduro dzinogutsa zvikuru dzoupenyu.’