Zita raMwari—Revo Yaro Nokududzwa Kwaro

MUMWE wavanyori veBhaibheri akabvunza, kuti: “Ndianiko wakaunganidza mhepo muzvanza zvake zviviri? Ndianiko wakaputira mvura munguvo yake? Ndianiko wakabudisa migumo yose yapasi? Zita rake rinonzi ani uye zita romwanakomana wake rinonzi ani, kana uchiziva?” (Zvirevo 30:4) Ko isu tingagona sei kuwana riri zita raMwari? Iwowo mubvunzo unokosha. Chisiko chibvumikiso chine simba chokuti Mwari anofanira kuvako, asi icho hachizati chichitizivisa zita rake. (VaRoma 1:20) Chokwadi, hatingatongogoni kuziva zita raMwari kunze kwokutoti Musiki iye amene akatizivisa. Uye iye akaita ikoku mubhuku rake amene, Bhaibheri Dzvene.

Pane chimwe chinoitika chakatanhamara, Mwari akazivisa zita rake amene, achiridzokorora Mosesi achinzwa. Mosesi akanyora nhauro yechinoitika ichecho chakachengetwa muBhaibheri kuburikira kuzuva redu. (Eksodho 34:5) Mwari akatonyora zita rake no“munwe” wake amene. Apo iye akanga apa Mosesi iyo nhasi tinoidza kuti Mirairo Gumi, Mwari akainyora nomutoo unoshamisa. Chinyorwa chinoti: “Zvino nokukurumidza apo [Mwari] akanga apedza kutaura naye paGomo reSinai akapfuurira kupa Mosesi mahwendefa maviri eChipupuriro, mahwendefa eibwe akanyorwa paari nomunwe waMwari.” (Eksodho 31:18) Zita raMwari rinooneka kasere mumirairo gumi yokutanga. (Eksodho 20:1-17) Nokudaro Mwari iye amene akawadzanyura zita rake kuno munhu muzvose zviri zviviri mukutaura nomukunyora. Naizvozvo, zita iroro rinonzi ani?

Mumutauro wechiHebheru rinonyorwa kudai יהוה. Aya mabhii mana, anonzi Tetragrammaton, anoraviwa kubvira kurudyi kuenda kuruboshwe muchiHebheru uye anogona kuratidzirwa mumitauro mizhinji yazvino uno seizvi YHWH kana kuti JHVH. Zita raMwari, richiratidzirwa namakonsonendi mana iwawa, rinooneka kanenge 7 000 mu“Testamente yeKare,” kana kuti Magwaro echiHebheru apakuvamba.

Zitaro chimiro cheshoko rokuita rechiHebheru rinonzi ha·wahʹ (הוה), rinoreva “kuvapo,” uye rinoratidzira chaizvoizvo kuti “Iye Anoparira Kuvapo.”a Nokuda kwechikonzero ichecho, zita raMwari rinomuzivisa kuva uyo anozadzika nomutoo unofambira mberi zvipikirwa zvake naanoita madonzo ake mukusakanganisa. Mwari bedzi wechokwadi angagona kuva nezita rakadaro rine revo.

Unoyeuka here nzira dzakasiana umo zita raMwari raoneka muna Pisarema 83:18, sezvaziviswa muchikamu chapfuura (peji 5)? Mbiri dzeshanduro idzedzo dzine zviratidzirowo zvazvo (“TENZI,” “Wokusingagumi”) sezvinotora nzvimbo yezita raMwari. Asi mumbiri dzadzo, Yahwe naJehovha, unogona kuona mabhii mana ezita raMwari. Zvisinei, kududzwa kwakasiana. Neiko?

Ko Zita raMwari Rinodudzwa Sei?

Zvokwadi ndeiyi, hakunomunhu anoziva zvechokwadi kuti zita raMwari pakuvamba vamba raidudzwa sei. Zvinokona neiko? Eya, mutauro wokutanga wakashandiswa mukunyora Bhaibheri wakanga uri chiHebheru, uye apo mutauro wechiHebheru wainyorwa, vanyori vainyora makonsonendi bedzi—kwete mavhawero. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichecho, apo vanyori vakafuridzirwa vainyora zita raMwari, ivo nomutoo womuzvarirwo vaiita chinhu chimwe chetecho ndokunyora bedzi makonsonendi.

Kunyange chiHebheru chekare chakanga chiri mutauro unotaurwa zuva riri rose, ikoku hakuna kuparira chinetso. Kududzwa kweZita kwakanga kwakarovedzeka kuvaIsraeri uye pavairiona rakanyorwa ivo vaiisira mavhawero vasingafungi (sezvo, kumuravi wechiNgezi, dimuriro inoti “Ltd.” ichimirira “Limited” uye “bldg.” ichimirira “building”).

Zvinhu zviviri zvakaitika kuchinja uyu mugariro. Chokutanga, pfungwa yokudavira mashura yakamuka pakati pavaJudha yokuti kwakanga kusina kururama kududza zita raMwari zvinonzwika; naizvozvo pavaisvika pariri mukurava kwavo Bhaibheri ivo vaidudza shoko rechiHebheru ’Adho·naiʹ (“Ishe Changamire”). Kupfuurirazve, nguva zvayakapfuura, mutauro wechiHebheru wekare iwo umene wakaguma kuva unotaurwa mukurukurirano yezuva riri rose, uye nenzira iyoyi kududzwa kwapakuvamba kwechiHebheru kwezita raMwari kwakakanganwika pakupedzisira.

Kuti vagosimbisira kuti kududza kwomutauro wechiHebheru kwose zvakwo kugorega kurasika, nyanzvi dzechiJudha dzomuhafu yechipiri yechiuru chokutanga chamakore N.V. dzakaita gadziriro yamapfundo okumirira mavhawero anoshaikwa, uye vakaisa aya mukupoteredza makonsonendi muBhaibheri rechiHebheru. Nokuda kweichi chikonzero, zvose zviri zviviri mavhawero namakonsonendi zvakanyorwa, uye kududza sezvakwakanga kuri panguva iyeyo kwakachengetwa.

Pakwakasvika kuzita raMwari, munzvimbo mokuisa zviratidziro zvamavhawero zvakafanira mukuripoteredza, muzvinoitika zvizhinjisa vakaisa zvimwe zviratidzo zvamavhawero kuyeuchidza muravi kuti iye anofanira kuti ’Adho·naiʹ. Kubvira pana ikoku kwakauya munyorero wokuti Iehouah, uye, pakupedzisira, Jehovha akava kududza kunogamuchirwa kwezita raMwari muchiShona. Ikoku kwakachengeta mabhii anodikanwa ezita raMwari akabva muchiHebheru chapakuvamba.

Ko Kududzai Kwauchashandisa?

Kunyange zvazvo zvakadaro, ko kududza kwakadai sokwokuti Yahwe kwakabva kupi? Ikoku zvimiro zvakakarakadzwa nenyanzvi dzazvino uno dzaiedza kuderedza kududzwa kwapakuvamba kwezita raMwari. Vamwe—kunyange vasati vari vose—vanorangarira kuti vaIsraeri vapamberi penguva yaJesu zvimwe vaidudza zita raMwari kuti Yahwe. Asika hapana munhu anogona kuva nechokwadi. Zvimwe vairidudza kudaro, zvimwe kwete.

Kunyanguvezvo, vazhinji vanosarudza havo kududza kwokuti Jehovha. Neiko? Nokuti kunogamuchirwa uye kwakarovedzeka izvo Yahwe asina. Kunyange zvazvo zvakadaro, hakuzati kwaizova kuri nani zvikuru here kushandisa chimiro chingava chiri pedyo zvikuru nokududza kwapakuvamba? Kwete zvomenemene, nokuti iwowo hausati uri muitiro kumazita omuBhaibheri.

Kurangarira muenzaniso wakaisvotanhamara, rangarira zita raJesu. Ko iwe unoziva here kuti mhuri yokwaJesu neshamwari vaimududza sei mukurukurirano yezuva nezuva paaiveri achikura muNazareti? Zvokwadi ndeiyi, hakuna munhu anoziva zvechokwadi, kunyange zvazvo kungave kwave kuri chimwe chinhu chakadai saYeshua (kana kuti zvimwe Yehoshua). Zvamazvirokwazvo kwakanga kusati kuri Jesu.

Zvisinei, apo nhauro dzoupenyu hwake dzakanyorwa mumutauro wechiGiriki, vanyori vakafuridzirwa havana kuedza kuchengeta kududza kwapakuvamba kwechiHebheru. Kupfuurezvo, vakashandura zitaro muchiGiriki, I·e·sousʹ. Nhasi, rinoshandurwa nomutoo wakasiana mukuwirirana nomutauro womuravi weBhaibheri. Varavi veBhaibheri veSpania vanosangana nerinoti Jesús (rinodudzwa kuti Hes·soosʹ). VaItaria vanorinyora kuti Gesù (rinodudzwa kuti Djay·zooʹ). Uye maGerman anorinyora kuti Jesus (rinodudzwa kuti Yayʹsoos).

Ko tinofanira kurega kushandisa zita raJesu nemhaka yokuti vazhinjisa vedu, kana kuti kunyange isu tose, hatizivi zvomenemene kududzwa kwaro kwapakuvamba here? Kusvikira zvino, hakuna mushanduri akakarakadza ikoku. Tinoda kushandisa zita, nokuti rinozivisa Mwanakomana anodiwa waMwari, Jesu Kristu, uyo akapa ropa roupenyu hwake nokuda kwedu. Ko kwaizova kukudza Jesu here kubvisa kududzwa kwose kwezita rake muBhaibheri ndokuritsiva nechiratidzirowo zvacho chakadai sokuti “Mudzidzisi,” kana kuti “Murevereri”? Chokwadika kwete! Tinogona kuwirirana naJesu patinoshandisa zita rake nenzira yarinowanzodudzwa nayo mumutauro wedu.

Tsinhiro dzakafanana dzingagona kusimbiswa pamsoro pamazita ose atinorava muBhaibheri. Tinoadudza mumutauro wedu timene uye hatiedzi kutevedzera kududzwa kwapakuvamba. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichecho tinoti “Jeremia,” kwete Yir·meyaʹhu. Nenzira yakafanana tinoti Isaya, kunyange zvazvo muzuva rake rimene muporofita uyu sezvingabvira aizivikanwa kuva Yeshaʽ·yaʹhu. Kunyange nyanzvi dzinoziva nezvokududzwa kwapakuvamba kwamazita aya dzinoshandisa kududza kwazvino uno, kwete kwekare, pakutaura pamsoro pao.

Ndozvazvakaitawo nezita raJehovha. Kunyange zvazvo kududza kwazvino uno Jehovha kungasava chaizvoizvo madudzirwe araiitwa pakuvamba vamba, iyi haizati iri nzira inobvisa kukosha kwezitaro. Rinozivisa Musiki, Mwari Mupenyu, Wokumusorosoro, kuno uyo Jesu akati, “Baba vedu vari mumatenga, zita renyu ngaritsveneswe.”—Mateo 6:9.

‘Haringagoni Kutsiviwa Munzvimbo Maro’

Kunyange vashanduri vazhinji vachida havo kududza kwokuti Yahwe, New World Translation uye chiverengero chakati kuti chedzimwe shanduro dzinopfuurira kushandisa chimiro chokuti Jehovha nemhaka yerovedzano naro yavanhu kwamazana amakore. Zvakare, kunochengeta, nomutoo wakaenzana nezvimwe zvimiro mabhii mana eTetragrammaton, YHWH kana kuti JHVH.b

Pakuvamba vamba, profesor weGerman Gustav Friedrich Oehler akaita chisarudzo chimwe chetecho zvikurukuru nokuda kwechikonzero chimwe chetecho. Akakurukura kududzwa kwakasiana-siana ndokuti: “Kubva mupfundo iri zvichienda mberi ndinoshandisa shoko rokuti Jehovha, nokuti, zvamazvirokwazvo, zita iri zvino razova rakaiswa chose chose muruzivo rwedu rwamashoko, uye haringagoni kuisirwa rimwe munzvimbo maro.”—Theologie des Alten Testaments (Theology of the Old Testament), chinyorwa chechipiri, chakabudiswa muna 1882, peji 143.

Nomutoo wakafanana, muGrammaire de l’hébreu biblique rake (Grammar of Biblical Hebrew), chinyorwa cha 1923, mashoko omuzasi papeji 49, nyanzvi yeJesuit Paul Jouon anoti: “Mushanduro dzedu, panzvimbo pechimiro (chomufungo) chokuti Yahwe, isu takashandisa chimiro chokuti Jéhovha . . . chiri chimiro chomunyorero unobvumiranwa chinoshandiswa muchiFrench.” Mune mimwe mitauro mizhinji vashanduri veBhaibheri vanoshandisa chimiro chimwe chetecho, sechinoratidzirwa mubhokisi riri papeji 8.

Ko zvino hakuno kururama here kushandisa chimiro chakadai sechokuti Yahwe? Nyangwe napaduku pose zvapo. Kunongova hakwo kuti chimiro chokuti Jehovha chinongoerekana chawana davidzo yokukurumidza zvikuru inobva kumuravi nokuti ndicho chimiro chaka“pinzwa” mumitauro mizhinjisa. Chinhu chinokosha ndechokuti isu tishandise zita ndokurizivisa kuna vamwe. “Ongai Jehovha, imi vanhu! Danai pazita rake. Zivisai pakati pamarudzi kubata kwake. Dudzai kuti zita rake rinoiswa pakakwirira.”—Isaya 12:4.

Ngationei kuti vabatiri vaMwari vakaita sei mukuwirirana nomurairo iwowo mukati mamazana amakore.

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

[Bhokisi riri papeji 7]

Nyanzvi dzakasiana dzine mifungo yakasiana pamsoro pamadudzirwe akanga achiitwa zita rokuti Yhwh mukuvamba.

MuThe Mysterious Name of Y.H.W.H., peji 74 Dr. M. Reisel akataura kuti“kududzwa kweTetragrammaton pakuvamba kunofanira kuve kwave kwokuti Y^eHūàH kana kuti YaHūàH.”

Canon D. D. Williams wokuCambridge akarangarira kuti hufakazi hunoratidzira kuti, kana kuti hunenge hunobvumikisa, kuti Jāhwéh kwakanga kusati kuri kududzwa kwechokwadi kweTetragrammaton . . . zita iro rimene zvimwe rainzi JĀHÔH.”—Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft (Periodical for Old Testament Knowledge), 1936, Volume 54, peji 269.

Mududzira mashoko yeFrench Revised Segond Version, peji 9, tsinhiro inotevera iyi inosimbiswa: “Kududzwa kwaYahwe kunoshandiswa mushanduro dzakati kuti dzazvino uno kwakavakirwa pazvapupu zvishomanene zvekare, asi hadzizati dzichitema. Kana munhu akarangarira mazita amene ane zita raMwari, akadai sezita rechiHebheru romuporofita Eriya (Eliyahou) kududzwa kungangovawo hakwo sokwakadai sokuva Yaho kana kuti Yahou.”

Muna 1749 nyanzvi yeBhaibheri Teller akazivisa kumwe kududzwa kwakasiana kwezita raMwari kwaakanga arava: “Diodorus weSicily, Macrobius, Clemens Alexandrinus, Saint Jerome naOrigenes vakanyora kuti Jao; vaSamaria, Epiphanius, Theodoretus, Jahe, kana kuti Jave; Ludwig Cappel inorava kuti Javoh; Drusius, Jahve; Hottinger, Jehva; Mercerus, Jehovah; Castellio, Jovah; uye le Clerc, Jawoh, kana kuti Javoh.”

Naizvozvo kunooneka kuti kududzwa kwapakuvamba kwezita raMwari hakusati kuchasitongozivikanwazve. Uyewo hakusati kuchikosha zvomenemene. Dai kwakanga kwakadaro, ipapoka Mwari amene aizodai akasimbisira kuti kuchengetwe nokuda kwokuti isu tishandise. Chinhu chinokosha ndechokushandisa zita raMwari mukuwirirana nokududzwa kwaro kunobvumiranwa mumutauro wedu umene.

[Bhokisi riri papeji 8]

Zvimiro zvezita roumwari mumitauro yakasiana, zvinoratidzira kugamuchira kwamarudzi ose chimiro chokuti Jehovha

Awabakal - Yehóa

Bugotu - Jihova

Chichewa - Yehova

Danish - Jehova

Dutch - Jehovah

Efik - Jehovah

English - Jehovah

Fijian - Jiova

Finnish - Jehova

French - Jéhovah

Futuna - Ihova

German - Jehova

Hungarian - Jehova

Igbo - Jehova

Italian - Geova

Japanese - Ehoba

Maori - Ihowa

Motu - Iehova

Mwala-Malu - Jihova

Narrinyeri - Jehovah

Nembe - Jihova

Petats - Jihouva

Polish - Jehowa

Portuguese - Jeová

Romanian - Iehova

Shona - Jehovha

Sotho - Jehova

Spanish - Jehová

Swahili - Yehova

Swedish - Jehova

Tahitian - Iehova

Tagalog - Jehova

Tongan - Jihova

Venda - Yehova

Xhosa - uYehova

Yoruba - Jehofah

Zulu - uJehova

[Bhokisi riri papeji 11]

“Jehovha” razova rinozivikanwa zvakafara sezita raMwari kunyange mumanyoro asati ari eBhaibheri.

Franz Schubert akaumba rwiyo rwenhetembwa runonzi “Wamasimba ose,” rwakanyorwa naJohann Ladislav Pyrker, umo zita rokuti Jehovha rinowanikwa kaviri. Rinoshandiswawo muchinoitika chokupedzisira chenziyo dzinofadza dzaVerdi “Nabucco.”

Mukuwedzera, detembedzo romurongi wechiFrench Arthur Honegger “Mambo Dhavhidhi” anotanhamarisa zita raJehovha, uye muvambi anozivikanwa wechiFrench Victor Hugo akarishandisa muna anopfuura 30 amashoko ake. Vose vari vaviri iye naLamartine vakanyora nhetembwa dzinonzi “Jehovha.”

Mubhuku rinonzi Deutsche Taler (The German Taler) rakabudiswa muna 1967 neFederal Bank yeGermany, mune mufananidzo weiri imwe yemari dzekaresa dzine zita rokuti “Jehovha,” Reichstaler ya 1634 inobva muDuchy yeSilesia. Pamsoro pomufananidzo uri kuseri kwemariyo, panoti: “Pasi pezita rinon’animira raJEHOVHA, chinobuda pakati pamakore, ndicho chidzitiro chine korona chine chombo cheSilesia.”

Muimba inochengeterwa zvinhu zvekare muRudolstadt, kuMabvazuva kweGermany, unogona kuona pakora rechipfeko chehondo chaichimbopfekwa naGustavus II Adolph, mambo womuzana rechi 17 weSweden, zita rokuti JEHOVHA riri mumabhii makuru.

Nokuda kwechikonzero ichecho, kwamazana mazhinji amakore chimiro chokuti Jehovha chave chiri nzira inozivikanwa mumarudzi ose yokududza zita raMwari, uye vanhu vanorinzwa pakarepo vanoziva uyo ari kutaurwa pamsoro pake. Sokutaura kwakaita Professor Oehler, “Zita iri zvino rakazova rakaiswa zvikuru muruzivo rwedu rwamashoko, uye haringagoni kutorerwa nzvimbo nerimwe.”—Theologie des Alten Testaments (Theology of the Old Testament).

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 6]

Chitarisiko chose chengirozi ine zita raMwari, chinowanwa paguva raPope Clement XIII muSt. Peter’s Basilica, the Vatican

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 7]

Mari zhinji yaiitwa iine zita raMwari. Iyoyi, inomusi wa 1661, inobva muNuremberg, Germany. Rugwaro rwechiLatin runorava, kuti: “Pasi pomumvuri wamapapiro enyu”

[Mifananidzo iri papeji 9]

Munguva dzakapfuura, zita raMwari muchimiro cheTetragrammaton rakaitwa rutivi rwokushongedzwa kwezvivako zvizhinji zvorudzidziso

Fourvière Catholic Basilica, Lyons, France

Bourges Cathedral, France

Chechi muLa Celle Dunoise, France

Chechi muDigne, maodzanyemba eFrance

Chechi muSão Paulo, Brazil

Strasbourg Cathedral, France

Saint Mark’s Cathedral, Venice, Italy

[Mifananidzo iri papeji 10]

Zita raJehovha sokuoneka kwarinoita muimba yemamonk muBordesholm, Germany;

pamari yeGerman yomusi wa 1635;

pamusoro pesuo rechechi muFehmarn, Germany;

uye paibwe rapaguva ra 1845 muHarmannschlag, Lower Austria