Zvinodhaka—Nei Vanhu Vachizvishandisa Zvisina Kufanira?
“NDAIVA nemakore 13, uye mamwe manheru hanzvadzi yeshamwari yangu yepamwoyo yakatikoka kumba kwayo. Munhu wose akatanga kuputa mbanje. Pakutanga ndakairamba, asi pavakangoramba vachiti ndimboedza, ndakazopedzisira ndaiputa.” Ndiwo matsananguriro anoita Michael wokuSouth Africa matangiro aakaita kushandisa zvinodhaka.
“Ndinobva mumhuri inokoshesa tsika inorarama nokuridza mimhanzi yakanyorovera. Ndaiimba nechimwe chikwata, uye pakuzorora mumwe muimbi aiwanzoputa mbanje. Kwemwedzi yakawanda aingoramba achinditi ndiedze kuiputa. Ndakazopedzisira ndaiputa uye ndakatanga kuishandisa nguva dzose.” Ndiwo matangiro akaita Darren wokuCanada kushandisa zvinodhaka.
Vaviri ava vakatopfuurira kushandisa zvimwe zvinodhaka, zvakadai seLSD, opium, uye zvinowedzera simba mumuviri. Pavanofunga zvakaitika kare, ava vaichimboshandisa zvinodhaka, vanobvuma kuti kuda kufanana nevezera ravo ndiko kwakanyanya kuita kuti vatange kushandisa zvinodhaka zvisina kufanira. “Handina kumbofunga kuti ndaizoshandisa zvinodhaka,” anodaro Michael, “asi vana ivavo ndivo chete vaingova shamwari dzangu, uye zviri muropa kungovatevedzera.”
Zvinovaraidza
Kuda kufanana nevezera ravo zvechokwadi kunopesvedzera kwazvo vakawanda kuti vatange kushandisa zvinodhaka, uye vaduku vanopesvedzerwa nyore. Uyezve, vanoona mienzaniso yevatambi vavanofarira vanobuda muzvinovaraidza zvenyika, vane simba rokupesvedzera kwazvo vaduku vanovafarira.
Mabhizimisi anoita zvevaraidzo azere nokushandiswa kwezvinodhaka zvisina kufanira. Imwe nguva pavanenge vachiita basa ravo, vaimbi vane mukurumbira vanowanzoshandisa zvinodhaka zvinokuvadza. Vatambi vakawanda vomumafirimu vanogara vachishandisa zvinodhaka.
Vavaraidzi vanogona kuita kuti zvinodhaka zviite sezvinoshamisira uye zvinoita sezvakaomera pwere kudzivisa. Muna 1996, Newsweek yakati: “Migwagwa yomuSeattle izere nevana vakatamira ikoko kuti vashandise heroin, nemhaka yokuti [muimbi werock] Cobain akaishandisawo.”
Zvinodhaka zvinoratidzwa sezvinoshamisira mumagazini, mafirimu, uye mumaterevhizheni. Zvakafananawo ndezvokuti vamwe vasoni vakakurumbira vanoita zvefashoni vave vachifarira kuti vakadzi vakatetepa vakaperezeka vaedze zvavanosona, kutevedzera vakapindwa muropa nezvinodhaka.
Nei Vamwe Vachipindwa Muropa?
Zvinokonzera kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka zvisina kufanira kuri kuwedzera zvakawanda. Pane izvi, pane kuora mwoyo, kushaya tariro, uye kushayiwa chinangwa muupenyu. Zvimwewo zvinetso imari, urovha, uye vabereki vasiri mienzaniso yakanaka.
Vamwe vanoomerwa nokushamwaridzana nevanhu, vanoshandisa zvinodhaka kuti varambe vachishamwaridzana nevamwe. Vanodavira kuti zvinodhaka zvinowedzera chivimbo chavo zvovaita kuti vanzwe vakachangamuka uye vachidiwa. Vamwe vanongoona zviri nyore kushandisa zvinodhaka pane kuti vabvume kutakura mutoro wavo woupenyu.
Kufinhikana chimwe chikonzero chinoita kuti pwere dzishandise zvinodhaka. Bhuku rinonzi The Romance of Risk—Why Teenagers Do the Things They Do rinotaura zvokufinhikana nokushayikwa kwoutungamiriri hwevabereki: “Vakomana nevasikana pavanosvika pamusha vachibva kuchikoro vanosvika mudzimba dzisina vanhu. Hazvishamisi kuti vanonzwa vasurukirwa uye havadi kusurukirwa. Vanotamba neshamwari, asi vari pamwe chete kudaro vanowanzofinhikana. Vanoramba vachiona terevhizheni nemavhidhiyo emimhanzi kana kutsvaka zvimwe zvinovanakidza paInternet. Zviri nyore kuguma vava kuputa, vava kushandisa zvinodhaka zvisina kufanira, uye kunwa.”
Michael ambotaurwa, akataura nezvokushayiwa utungamiriri hwevabereki pamusha: “Mhuri yedu yairarama ichifara. Mhuri yedu yaiva yakabatana chaizvo. Zvisinei vabereki vangu vose vaishanda, uye pakanga pasina aitidzora zuva rose. Uyewo, vabereki vedu vakatipa rusununguko rwakanyanya runowanika munyika. Pakanga pasina chirango. Vabereki vangu vakanga vasingazivi kuti ndaishandisa zvinodhaka.”
Vakadzimara vapindwa muropa, vakawanda vanopfuurira kushandisa zvinodhaka nokuda kwechikonzero ichi chiri nyore: Kunakirwa nazvo. Michael aishandisa zvinodhaka zuva roga roga, akataura zvazvinoita achiti: “Ndaiva munyika yangu ndoga. Ndaikwanisa kusafunga zvinetso zvangu. Handina kubvira ndatya. Zvinhu zvose zvaiita souchi nomukaka.”
Mumwe aimboshandisa zvisina kufanira zvinodhaka anonzi Dick, wokuSouth Africa, akarondedzera zvaakaitwa nembanje paakatanga kuishandisa ane makore 13 achiti: “Ndaingoseka chero chinhu. Zvinhu zvose zvaingosetsa.”
Nyevero dzinotaurwa nezvokukuvadza kunoita zvinodhaka dzinoita sedzisingavhundutsi pwere. Vanoita sevane pfungwa yokuti “hazviitiki kwandiri.” Bhuku rinonzi Talking With Your Teenager rinotaura chinoita kuti vayaruki vafuratire nyevero dzinoratidza kuti zvinodhaka zvinokanganisa utano: “Havavhunduki uye vachine simba zvokuti havadaviri kuti utano hwavo huchakanganiswa. Pfungwa iyi yokuti ‘handikuvari’ yakapararira panguva yokuyaruka. Vayaruki vanoona kenza yemapapu, udhakwa, kupindwa muropa nezvinodhaka kwakanyanyisa, sezvinhu zvinoitika pavanhu vakura, kwete kwavari.” Vakawanda havazivi ngozi dzacho chete, sezvinooneka pachinodhaka chakakurumbira chinonzi chinowedzera mufaro. Chii ichochi?
Chinodhaka Chinowedzera Mufaro uye Madhindindi
Chinodhaka chakarerekera kuzvinonzi amphetamine MDMA, chinozivikanwa nokunzi chinodhaka chinowedzera mufaro, chinowanzoshandiswa mumitambo yemakonzati anoita pungwe anonzi madhindindi. Vanochitengesa vanosimudzira pfungwa yokuti chinodhaka ichi chakanaka kushandisa kana munhu achida kufara uye chinopa simba rakawanda zvokutamba usiku hwose. Chinodhaka chacho chinobatsira vatambi kuramba vakachangamuka maawa akawanda kusvikira vava kungoyeva.” Imwe pwere yakatsanangura kunyengera kunoita chinodhaka ichi yakati: “Mufaro wacho unotangira kutsoka, wobva wanzwa kakufara kasingatauriki uye rudo zvichikwira zvishoma nezvishoma kumusoro wako.”
Kuongorora uropi hwevanogara vachishandisa chinodhaka chinowedzera mufaro kwakaratidza pachena kuti chinodhaka ichi chinokuvadza kunyange zvazvo vatengesi vachiti hachikuvadzi. Zviri pachena kuti chinodhaka chacho chinokuvadza tsinga dzouropi uye chinoderedza uwandu hweserotonin. Kukuvadza kwakadaro zvichida ndekwechigarire. Nokufamba kwenguva, kungakonzera zvinetso zvakadai sokuora mwoyo uye hanganwa. Zvinonzi vamwe vanoshandisa chinodhaka chinowedzera mufaro vari kufa. Uyezve, vanhu vakawanda vanotengesa zvinodhaka vanosanganisa chinodhaka ichochi neheroin kuitira kuti vatengi vavo vapindwe muropa.
Zviri Nyore Kuwana Here?
Munyika dzakawanda zvinodhaka zvadzikira mutengo sezvo kugadzirwa kwazvo kwawedzera. Izvi imhaka yokuchinja kwezvematongerwe enyika uye zvoupfumi. Mumwe muenzaniso wakanaka iSouth Africa, umo kuchinja kwezvematongerwe enyika kwasimudzira zvokutengeserana uye kudyidzana nedzimwe nyika. Zvichitevera kuva nyore kwakaita kuyambuka miganhu yenyika zvaita kuti kutengeserana zvinodhaka kuwedzere. Nokuwedzera kwourovha, zviuru zviri kurarama nemari yokutengesa zvinodhaka zvinorambidzwa. Kuya kune zvinodhaka zvakawanda, mhosva dzechisimba dzinofambidzana nezvinodhaka. Maererano nemashoko erimwe pepanhau, vana vari muzvikoro zvokuGauteng, kuSouth Africa—vamwe vane makore 13 chete—vari kuteverwa nemapurisa nokuda kwokutengesa zvinodhaka. Zvikoro zvinoverengeka munzvimbo yacho zvakatanga kuongorora ropa revadzidzi kuona kana riine zvinodhaka.
Chikonzero Chaicho Chii?
Pane zvikonzero zvakawanda zviri pachena nei vanhu vachishandisa zvinodhaka zvisina kufanira. Asi zvose izvi zviratidzo zvechinetso chikuru, chikonzero chaicho. Mumwe munyori anonzi Ben Whitaker akacherechedzawo izvi: “Kuwedzera kuripo kwokushandiswa kwezvinodhaka inyevero yokuratidza kukundikana uye kukanganisa kuri munzanga yedu, tisingatauri kusurukirwa nokuora mwoyo: nei zvino vanhu vakawanda vane mano uye vakabudirira vachida zvinodhaka pane kuti vararame nemamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo aripo nhasi?”
Mubvunzo uyu wakanaka, unoita kuti tione kuti nzanga yedu inoyera kubudirira nezvinhu iri kutadza kutipa zvinhu zvatinoda mupfungwa dzedu uye pakunamata. Kunyange zvitendero zvakawanda hazvina kukwanisa kupa zvinodiwa izvozvo nokuti zvakatadza kutarisa chikonzero chaicho chezvinetso zvevanhu.
Tinofanira kunzvera ndokuona chikonzero chaicho tisati taona chinogadzirisa zvechigarire chinetso chezvinodhaka. Izvi zvichakurukurwa munyaya inotevera.
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 7]
Kushandisa zvinodhaka dzimwe nguva kunoratidzwa sokunoshamisira nevanhu vakakurumbira
[Mifananidzo iri papeji 7]
Mimhanzi yemazuva ano izere nokushandiswa kwezvinodhaka zvisina kufanira
[Mifananidzo iri papeji 8]
Chinodhaka chinowedzera mufaro chinowanzowanika kumadhindindi
[Kwazvakatorwa]
AP Photo/Greg Smith
Gerald Nino/U.S. Customs