Chakaita Kuti Chitendero Chirambe Chiripo
PAKAZOSVIKA nguva iyo Nazi Germany yakarwisa Russia muna June 1941, vanhu vokuSoviet vakanga vaparadza zvachose Chechi yeOrthodox yomuRussia. Asi pashure pokurwisa kweNazi, vanhu vomuSoviet vakatanga kuchinja maonero avaiita chitendero. Izvi zvakakonzerwa nei?
Richard Overy, purofesa wenhau dzazvino wepaKing’s College, kuLondon, mubhuku rake rinonzi Russia’s War—Blood Upon the Snow akatsanangura kuti: “Mufundisi mukuru kupfuura vose Sergei [Sergius], mutungamiriri weChechi, akakumbira vatendi zuva chairo rakarwisa Germany kuti vaite zvavanokwanisa kuitira kukunda. Mumakore maviri akatevera, akanyora tsamba dzisiri pasi pemakumi maviri nenhatu achiudza boka rake kuti rirwire nyika yaro isingadaviri Mwari yaraigara.” Saka ‘Stalin akabvumira chitendero kuvapozve,’ akapfuurira achidaro Overy.
Muna 1943, Stalin akapedzisira abvuma Chechi yeOrthodox nokugadza Sergius somufundisi wayo mukuru. “Zviremera zveChechi zvakatenderanawo naye kuunganidza mari yaibva kune vatendi kuti ishandiswe mumauto eSoviet,” Overy akadaro. “Vapristi nemabhishopu vakakurudzira ungano dzavo kuti dzirambe dzine kutenda, muna Mwari naStalin.”
Ichirondedzera nguva iyoyi munhau yeRussia, nyanzvi yezvezvitendero kuRussia Sergei Ivanenko yakanyora kuti: ‘Bhuku rinozivikanwa zvepamutemo reChechi yeOrthodox yokuRussia rinonzi, The Journal of the Moscow Patriarchate, rakarumbidza Stalin somutungamiriri nomudzidzisi mukuru kupfuura vose pamarudzi nevanhu vose vakararama, seakanga atumwa naMwari kuzonunura rudzi rwake paudzvinyiriri, pavapambevhu, uye pavapambepfumi. Rakakumbira vatendi kuti vafe vachidzivirira USSR pavavengi vayo uye kupa zvinhu zvavo kuvakiridza gwara rechiKomonisiti.’
“Vaikosheswa Kwazvo neKGB”
Kunyange pashure peHondo Yenyika II muna 1945, Chechi yeOrthodox yakaramba ichishandiswa nevechiKomonisiti. Bhuku rinonzi The Soviet Union: The Fifty Years rakanyorwa naHarrison Salisbury, rakaratidza kuti izvi zvakanga zvakadaro sei, richiti: “Nokupera kwehondo, vatungamiriri vechechi vakabvumirana nezvaikumbirwa muHondo Yemashoko maererano nebumbiro raStalin raiva nechokuita nedzimwe nyika.”
Bhuku richangobva kubuda rinonzi The Sword and the Shield rinorondedzera basa revatungamiriri vechechi mukusimudzira zvaidiwa neSoviet. Rinotsanangura kuti Mufundisi Mukuru Alexis I, uyo akanga atsiva Sergius paufundisi muna 1945, “akabatana neDare Renyika Yose Rorugare, sangano reSoviet rakatangwa muna 1949.” Bhuku racho rakatiwo iye nomufundisi mukuru kupfuura vose Nikolai “vaikosheswa kwazvo neKGB [Dare Rokudzivirira Hurumende yeSoviet] nokuti vaiva vashandi vanopesvedzera.”
Zvinotoshamisa ndezvokuti muna 1955, Mufundisi Mukuru Alexis I akazivisa kuti: “Chechi yeOrthodox yomuRussia inotsigira bumbiro rorugare rehurumende yedu rine chokuita nedzimwe nyika, kwete nemhaka yokuti Chechi haina kusununguka sezvinotaurwa, asi nemhaka yokuti bumbiro reSoviet rakarurama uye rinobvumirana nezvinodiwa nomuKristu zvinoparidzwa neChechi.”
Munyaya yakabuda muThe Guardian yokuLondon yaJanuary 22, 2000, kuEngland, mupristi akapanduka weOrthodox Georgi Edelshtein anonzi akati: “Mabhishopu ose ainyatsosarudzwa kuitira kuti ashande akabatana nehurumende yeSoviet. Ose aishandira KGB. Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti Mufundisi Mukuru Alexy aishandira KGB, achishandisa zita rebasa rokuti Drozdov. Nhasi, vachakabatana nevezvematongerwe enyika sezvavakanga vakaita makore 20 kana kuti 30 adarika.”
Inobatsira Hurumende yeSoviet
Ichitaura ukama huri pakati peChechi yeOrthodox neSoviet, magazini inonzi Life yaSeptember 14, 1959, yakati: “Stalin aibvumira vechitendero kuita zvimwe zvinhu, uye chechi yaimutora samambo mukuru. Kubatana kweOrthodox nehurumende kwakanyatsosimbiswa nerimwe gurukota rehurumende rakanga rakasiyana nemamwe uye vechiKomonisiti vakashandisa chechi sechombo chehurumende yeSoviet kubvira kare.”
Matthew Spinka, mumwe mukuru mukuru anoona nezvenyaya dzomumachechi omuRussia, akasimbisa kuvapo kwoukama hwepedyo hweChechi neHurumende mubhuku rake ra1956, rinonzi The Church in Soviet Russia. “Mufundisi Mukuru Alexei,” akanyora kudaro, “akaita nemaune kuti Chechi yake ishandiswe nehurumende.” Zvechokwadi, Chechi yeOrthodox yakaramba iripo nemhaka yokuva mubatsiri weHurumende. ‘Asi chii chingabva chanyanyoipa pakudaro?’ ungabvunza kudaro. Chimbofunga maonero anoita Mwari naKristu nyaya yacho.
Achitaura nezvevadzidzi vake vechokwadi, Jesu Kristu akati: “Hamusi rutivi rwenyika, asi ndakakusarudzai munyika.” Uye Shoko raMwari rinonyatsobvunza pachena kuti: “Imi mhombwekadzi, hamuzivi here kuti kushamwaridzana nenyika kuvengana naMwari?” (Johani 15:19; Jakobho 4:4) Saka, sokutaura kunoita Bhaibheri, chechi yakazviita hure mune zvechitendero iro “madzimambo apasi akaita ufeve naro.” Yakazviratidza kuva icho Bhaibheri rinodana kuti “Bhabhironi Guru, amai vemahure uye vezvinhu zvinosemesa zvepasi.”—Zvakazarurwa 17:1-6.
Chakaita Kuti Zvapupu Zvirambe Zviripo
Zvakasiyana neizvi, Jesu Kristu akaratidza chaizoita kuti vateveri vake vechokwadi vazivikanwe paakataura kuti: “Vose vachaziva kuti muri vadzidzi vangu neizvi, kana mune rudo pakati penyu.” (Johani 13:35) Rudo urwu ndicho chinhu chikuru chakaita kuti Zvapupu zvirambe zviripo muyaichimbova Soviet Union, sezvinoratidzwa nemashoko anotevera ari muThe Sword and the Shield. “MaJehovist vanobatsira mune zvose vechitendero chavo vari mumusasa [wechibharo] kana vari muusungwa, nokuvapa mari, zvokudya uye zvipfeko.”
Zvaibatanidzwawo pa“zvokudya” zvaipiwa vaya vaiva mumisasa zvaiva zvokunamata—maBhaibheri uye mabhuku eBhaibheri. Bhaibheri rine ‘kutaura kwaMwari,’ kwakanzi naJesu tinokuda kuitira kuti tichengetedze upenyu hwedu hwomudzimu. (Mateu 4:4) Zvaive nengozi kupinza mabhuku acho mumisasa, nokuti munhu upi noupi aiwanwa achiita izvi airangwa zvakaomarara.
Helene Celmina, wokuLatvia, akanga akasungwa mumusasa unorangirwa vasungwa wePotma muRussia kubvira muna 1962 kusvikira muna 1966. Mukadzi uyu akanyora bhuku rinonzi Women in Soviet Prisons, umo akatsanangura kuti: “Zvapupu zvaJehovha zvakawanda zvakawana mutongo wemakore gumi okushanda zvakaoma nemhaka chete yokuva nemagazini mashomanana eNharireyomurindi mazvaigara. Sezvo vanhu vachisungwa nemhaka yokuva nemabhuku aya, kufunganya uye kushushikana kwevanoona kuti mabhuku aya aripo here mumisasa kunonzwisisika.”
Zvechokwadi, kuzvishayisa rusununguko uye kuchengeteka kuitira kubatsira vamwe mumudzimu kwaiva uchapupu hworudo rwechiKristu! Asi kunyange zvazvo ichi chaiva chinhu chinokosha chakaita kuti Zvapupu zvirambe zviripo, paitova nechimwe chinokosha kwazvo. “Hapana aigona kunzwisisa,” akadaro Helene Celmina, “kuti nzvimbo iyi yakanga yakakomberedzwa newaya yeminzwa uye yakanga isingabvumirwi kuti vanhu vagare pamwe chete vachikurukura vakasununguka yaigona kupinzwa mabhuku anorambidzwa sei.” Zvaiita sezvisingabviri, sezvo munhu wose aipinda mumusasa ainyatsosechwa. “Zvaiita sokuti ngirozi dzaiuya usiku dzoadonhedza,” akanyora kudaro munyori uyu.
Zvechokwadi, Mwari akapikira kuti haazosiyi vanhu vake. Saka hazvina kutora nguva kuti Zvapupu zvaJehovha mune yaimbova Soviet Union zvibvume izvi, sezvakaita munyori wepisarema romuBhaibheri kuti: “Tarirai, Mwari ndiye mubatsiri wangu.” (Pisarema 54:4; Joshua 1:5) Zvechokwadi, kubatsira kwake kwaikosha pakuita kuti Zvapupu zvirambe zviripo mune yaimbova Soviet Union!
Machinjiro Akaita Mamiriro Ezvinhu
Musi waMarch 27, 1991, Zvapupu zvaJehovha zvakava sangano rinozivikanwa zvepamutemo muSoviet Union nokunyorerana pasi gwaro repamutemo raiva nemashoko anotevera: “Chinangwa cheSangano racho reChitendero, ndechokuita basa rechitendero rokuzivisa zita raJehovha Mwari nezvaachaitira vanhu norudo achishandisa Umambo hwake hwokudenga naJesu Kristu.”
Panzira dzokuita nadzo basa iri rechitendero dzakanyorwa pagwaro racho pane kuparidza pachena nokushanyira misha yevanhu, kudzidzisa chokwadi cheBhaibheri vaya vanoda kuteerera, kuitisa zvidzidzo zveBhaibheri zvepachena pachishandiswa mabhuku eBhaibheri okudzidza, uye kuparadzira maBhaibheri.
Kubvira pakanyoreranwa pasi gwaro iroro makore gumi apfuura, Soviet Union yakaparara, uye nyaya dzechitendero dzachinja kwazvo munyika 15 dzaichimbova Soviet. Chii chingataurwa nezveremangwana rechitendero ikoko uyewo munyika yose zvayo?
[Bhokisi riri papeji 19]
Kubatana kweChechi neSoviet
Mubhuku rake ra1945 rinonzi Russia Is No Riddle, Edmund Stevens akanyora kuti: “Chechi yakanyatsochenjerera kusatadzira vaiibatsira. Yakanyatsoziva kuti, kuti iitirwe zvakanaka, Hurumende yaitarisira kuti Chechi itsigire zvakasimba utongi hweSoviet uye kushanda iine painoperera.”
Stevens akapfuurira kutsanangura kuti: “Sezvakanga zvakajairika mumazana emakore kuti chitendero chaizivikanwa zvepamutemo uye chakanga chakabatana zvakasimba neHurumende chaiva Chechi yeOrthodox, saka Chechi yakangoita basa rayo idzva rokubatana neHurumende yeSoviet sechinhu chaingotarisirwa.”
Keston Institute yakanyatsoongorora kubatsira Soviet kwaiitwa naAlexis II, mufundisi mukuru wanhasi weChechi yeOrthodox yokuRussia. Kuongorora kwacho kwakagumisa kuti: “Kubatsira kwaAleksi kwaisashamisa—nokuti vakuru vakuru vanenge vose vezvitendero zvinozivikanwa zvepamutemo—kusanganisira vaKaturike, vaBaptist, vaAdventist, vaMuslim, uye vaBuddha—vaiva vashandi vaimiririra KGB. Chaizvoizvo, mashoko egore negore anotsanangura kupinzwa basa kwaAleksi anotaurawo vamwe vamiririri, vamwe vacho, vari veChechi yokuEstonia yechiLutheran.”
[Bhokisi/Mufananidzo uri papeji 20]
Kutaura Nevaya Vaiva Mumisasa
Viktors Kalnins, munyori wenhau, akapedza mutongo wake wose wemakore gumi (1962-72) ari mumusasa wevasungwa muMordovia, uri makiromita anenge 400 kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweMoscow. Mubvunzurudzo yakaitwa nomunyori weMukai! muna March 1979, Kalnins akabvunzwa kuti: “Zvapupu zvakasungwa zvinoziva here zviri kuitika kuno kuUnited States nokune dzimwe nyika zvine chokuita nesangano?”
“Zvinoziva,” Kalnins akapindura kudaro, “nemabhuku azvinogamuchira. . . . Zvakatondiratidza magazini azvo. Handina kumboziva nzvimbo yaivigirwa mabhuku acho; nokuti yaingochinja-chinja. Asi munhu wose aiziva kuti mabhuku aivapo mumusasa. . . . Zvapupu zvaJehovha zvaiedza kuvanza mabhuku azvo nguva dzose uye varindiri vaiedza kutsvaka mabhuku azvo nguva dzose.”
Kumubvunzo waiti, “Zvapupu zvaJehovha zvakamboedza kutaura newe nezvezvazvinodavira here?” Kalnins akapindura kuti: “Hungu. Zvinozivikanwa chaizvo. Tose tinoziva nezveAmagedhoni . . . Zvakataura zvakawanda nezvokupera kwezvirwere.”
[Mufananidzo]
Zvapupu zvaiva mumisasa yeMordovia zvakaudzawo vamwe chokwadi cheBhaibheri noushingi
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 17]
VekwaVovchuks vakatamisirwa kuIrkutsk, muSiberia, muna 1951 uye vachiri vaKristu vakatendeka nanhasi
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 18]
Nemhaka yokutsigira kwechechi munguva Yehondo Yenyika II, Stalin akabvumira chitendero kuvapo kwechinguvana
[Kwazvakatorwa]
U.S. Army photo
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 18]
Mufundisi Mukuru Alexis I (1945-70) akati: ‘Bumbiro reSoviet rinobvumirana nezvinodiwa nomuKristu zvinoparidzwa neChechi’
[Kwazvakatorwa]
Central State Archive regarding the film/photo/phono documents of Saint-Petersburg