Kurwisa kweSoviet Chitendero
UNION of Soviet Socialist Republics yakatangwa muna 1922, Russia iri iyo huru uye iine mukurumbira pane dzimwe dzose mumubatanidzwa wacho wenyika ina. Yakazopedzisira yakura kuva mubatanidzwa wenyika 15 uye chikamu chinoda kusvika chimwe muzvitanhatu chenyika yose. Asi muna 1991 Soviet Union yakaerekana yaparara.a Zvinokosha kuziva kuti ndiyo yakava Nyika yokutanga yakaedza kubvisa kudavira Mwari mupfungwa dzevanhu vayo.
Vladimir Lenin, mutungamiriri wokutanga weSoviet Union, mudzidzi waKarl Marx, akarondedzera chiKristu sechinoitirwa kudzvinyirira. Marx akati chitendero “chinodhaka vanhu,” uye gare gare Lenin akazivisa kuti: “Pfungwa yose yechitendero, pfungwa yose yamwari, . . . yakaipa zvisingarondedzereki.”
Pakafa Tikhon Mufundisi Mukuru weOrthodox yokuRussia muna 1925, chechi haina kutenderwa kusarudza mumwe mufundisi mukuru. Kurwisa chitendero kwakatevera kwakaguma kwaita kuti zvivako zvakawanda zvemachechi zvipazwe kana kuchinjwa kuti zvishandisirwe zvimwewo. Vapristi vakaendeswa kumisasa yezvibharo, kwakafira vakawanda. “Paitonga Joseph Stalin ma1920 nema1930 ava kupera,” inotsanangura kudaro Encyclopædia Britannica, “chechi yakatarisana nedambudziko rokuurayiwa kwezviuru, ropa rakawanda rikadeuka. Pakazosvika 1939, paingova nemachechi 100 nemabhishopu anenge matatu kana kuti mana chete aishanda zviri pamutemo.”
Zvisinei, kuchinja kukuru kwakaitika munguva pfupi.
Hondo Yenyika II neChitendero
Muna 1939, Nazi Germany, yaimbova yakabatana neSoviet Union, yakarwisa Poland, Hondo Yenyika II ichibva yatanga. Mugore rimwe chete, Soviet Union yakanga yodzora nyika 4 dzokupedzisira pa15 dzomubatanidzwa wacho—Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, uye Moldavia. Zvisinei, muna June 1941, Germany yakarwisa Soviet Union nesimba, zvokuti zvakasiya Stalin asina romuromo. Pakazopera gore racho, varwi veGermany vakanga vatosvika mumisha iri nechokumicheto yeMoscow, uye zvakaoneka kuti Soviet Union yakanga yava kukundwa.
Asingachazivi chokuita, Stalin akaunganidza vanhu vake kuti varwe hondo yakanzi nevanhu vokuRussia Hondo Huru Yokurwira Nyika. Stalin akaziva kuti aifanira kubvumira chechi kuvapo kuitira kuti vanhu vatsigire hondo iyi, sezvo mamiriyoni avo akanga achiri vatendi. Kuchinja mutemo pamusoro pechitendero kunoshamisa kwakaitwa naStalin uku kwakaguma nei?
Kutsigira kwechechi kwakaita kuti vanhu vokuRussia vaunganidzirwe kunorwa, uye muna 1945 chinangwa cheSoviet chokuti ikunde vanhu vokuGermany chakaitika. Pakambomira Soviet kurwisa chitendero, nhamba yemachechi eOrthodox yakawedzera kusvikira ku25 000, uye nhamba yevapristi yakasvika 33 000.
Kurwisa Kunotangazve
Zvisinei, vavariro yevatungamiriri veSoviet yokubvisa pfungwa yaMwari muvanhu vavo yakanga isina kuchinja chaizvoizvo. The Encyclopædia Britannica inotsanangura kuti: “Mutungamiriri weHurumende Nikita Khrushchev akatangazve kurwisa chitendero muna 1959-64, achideredza uwandu hwemachechi aivapo kusvikira ava pasi pe10 000. Mufundisi mukuru Pimen akasarudzwa muna 1971 zvichitevera rufu rwaAlexis, uye kunyange zvazvo chechi yakanga ichiri kurayira mamiriyoni kuti ave akavimbika, yakanga isina chokwadi neremangwana rayo.”b
Gare gare tichakurukura chakaita kuti Chechi yeOrthodox yokuRussia irambe iripo payakatanga kurwiswazve neSoviet. Asi zvimwe zvitendero zvomuSoviet Union zvakaitawo sei? Ndechipi chakanyanya kurwiswa pane zvose, uye nei? Izvi zvichakurukurwa munyaya inotevera.
[Mashoko Omuzasi]
a Dzinotevera inyika 15 dzaichimbova dzeSoviet dzava kuzvitonga: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, uye Uzbekistan.
b Mazita aAlexis I, mufundisi mukuru weOrthodox yokuRussia kubvira muna 1945 kusvikira muna 1970, uye Alexis II, mufundisi mukuru kubvira muna 1990 kusvikira zvino, dzimwe nguva anoperengerwawo seizvi Alexy, Aleksi, Aleksei, uye Alexei.
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 11]
Lenin akati ‘pfungwa yose yaMwari yakaipa zvisingarondedzereki’
[Kwazvakatorwa]
Musée d’Histoire Contemporaine—BDIC