Kurasikirwa Kunokonzerwa Nokuedza Kuita Zvakawandisa

NYIKA YANHASI YOKUMADOKERO YAKANYURA MUKUMHANYA-MHANYA UYE MUKUTSVAKA NZIRA DZIRI NYORE.

MICHINA yokusuka ndiro inoderedza nguva yokushanda mukicheni. Michina yokugeza hembe inodarowo munogezerwa hembe. Mamiriyoni evanhu haachatombobvi pamba kuti aende kunotenga kana kunobhenga mari—vanongovhura kombiyuta yavo voshandisa Internet.

Hungu, nyika, kana kuti tomboti chikamu chayo, chiri kufashukira nezvishandiso zvinoderedza nguva nebasa zvemhando dzose. Saka, ungafunga kuti vanhu vaizova nenguva yakawandisa yokupedza vaine mhuri dzavo uye yokutandara. Asi, kazhinji kacho, vakawanda vanoti vakaneta uye vakaora mwoyo zvikuru zvavasati vamboita. Zvikonzero zvacho zvakawanda uye zvakaoma kunzwisisa.

Zvinetso zvemari ndizvo zvokutanga pandandanda yacho. Australian Centre for Industrial Relations Research and Training yakaongorora nhamba yemaawa anopedzerwa nevanhu pabasa munyika iyoyo ndokuwana kuti “chikamu chikuru zvikuru chiri kushanda nguva dzose kweanopfuura maawa 49 pavhiki” uye kuti “kuwedzera kwemaawa okushanda uku kungangova nezvakunoita paupenyu hwemhuri uye hwenzanga.” Vashandi vazhinji vanosarudza kugara nechokunze kwemaguta kwakasvibira uye kwakanyarara. Izvozvo zvingareva kupedza maawa akawanda vhiki imwe neimwe—kunyange zuva rimwe nerimwe—vachifamba nezvitima uye nemabhazi akazarisa kana kuti mumigwagwa yakazara. Chaizvoizvo, izvi zvinowedzera urefu hwezuva rokushanda uye zvinetso zvarinokonzera.

Uri Kutambudzwa Nechikwereti Chehope Here?

Zvinetso zvehope zvazova kwose kwose mumakore achangopfuura zvokuti makiriniki ehope akavhurwa munzvimbo dzakawanda dzepasi. Vatsvakurudzi vakaona kuti kana vanhu vasingakotsiri zvakakwana nguva dzose, vanounganidza chikwereti chehope. Zvawakasikwa wakadaro, muviri wavo unoda kuripa chikwereti ichi uye unovakurudzira kudaro nokuvaita kuti vanzwe kuneta. Asi nemhaka yemararamiro emazuva ano anotadzisa kurara, vanhu vakawanda vanoramba vakaneta.

Muimwe nyika yokuMadokero, nguva yokurara yadzikira ne20 muzana mumakore zana apfuura, kubva paavhareji yemaawa mapfumbamwe pausiku kusvika kumanomwe. Vatsvakurudzi vakaunganidza umboo hwokuti chikwereti chehope chinokonzera zvinetso zvokudzidza nokuyeuka, kutadza kufamba-famba kwemarunda, uye kuderera kwesimba romuviri rokudzivirira zvirwere. Vazhinji vedu takazvionera kuti pfungwa dzakaneta dzinowanzoitawo mhosho nyore nyore. Zvinosuruvarisa kuti mhosho idzi dzinogona kuva dzakakomba uye dzichikonzera kurasikirwa kukuru.

Kurasikirwa Kukuru Kunokonzerwa Nokuneta

Kuneta kunokonzerwa nemaawa akawanda uye kutapudzwa kwevashandi zvinonzi kwakakonzerawo njodzi dzakashatisisa dzakaitika mukupera kwezana remakore rechi20. Pakati paidzodzi pane njodzi yenyukiriya yakaitika paChernobyl, kuUkraine; kuputika kwechitundu musere musere chinonzi Challenger; uye kurasika kwemafuta kwakakonzerwa nengarava inonzi Exxon Valdez payakarovera pabwe riri pasi pemvura muPrince William Sound, kuAlaska.

Kuputika kwepaChernobyl kwakaitika painyatsoedzwa mashandiro egwenya. Mubhuku rake rinonzi The 24-Hour Society, Martin Moore-Ede anoti kuedza kwacho “kwakaitwa kuchitarisirwa neboka rakaneta remainjiniya emagetsi iro rakanga rava pagwenya kweanosvika maawa gumi nematatu, uye zvichida angatopfuura nokuda kwokupiwa mvumo yokutanga kwakanonoka nemaawa gumi.” Chipi nechipi chingave chakaitika, maererano neimwe ongororo ichangobva kuitwa, mumwe mugumisiro unogara kwenguva refu wokubuda kwemwaranzi ndewokukwira zvakapetwa kagumi kwekenza yethyroid muvana vokuUkraine kubvira muna 1986.

Pashure pokunyatsofeya-feya nezvemaputikiro akaita chitundu musere musere chinonzi Challenger, mushumo wedare rakaumbwa napurezidhendi waiti pamaawa 20 panogumira nguva yokuwedzera yokushanda pakapfuudzwa ka480 nerimwe boka revashandi vekondirakiti uye ka2 512 nerimwe. Mushumo wacho wakawedzera kuti kuneta kwevakuru vakuru vebasa, kwakakonzerwa ne“mazuva akawanda ane maawa asina kurongeka okushanda uye kusarara zvakakwana,” kwaive chimwe chikonzero chikuru chakaita kuti chitundu musere musere chitepfenyurwe zvinhu zvisina kumira zvakanaka. Mushumo wacho waiti “kana kupfuudza nguva yokushanda kukanyanyisa, kushanda zvakanaka kunodzikira uye kukanganisa kwomunhu kungawedzera.”

Maererano nevakuru vakuru vesangano revashandi, kuderedza vashandi vomungarava, zvichifungidzirwa kuti mari inoshandiswa iderere, kwaireva kuti vafambisi vengarava yeExxon Valdez vaifanira kushanda nguva yakareba voita mabasa omuraudzo. Mushumo pamusoro penjodzi yacho unotsanangura kuti mutevedzeri wakaputeni wechitatu, aitarisira ngarava yacho payakadzika pasi pemvura pakati pousiku pachangopfuura, aive akasvinura kubvira mangwanani-ngwanani. Anoda kusvika marita mamiriyoni 42 emafuta—kurasika kwemafuta kwakakurisa kwati kwamboitika munhau yeUnited States—kwakakanganisa mahombekombe zvinotyisa uye zvisikwa zvomusango ndokugezwa nemadhora anopfuura mabhiriyoni maviri okuUnited States (mabhiriyoni 112 emadhora omuZimbabwe).

Zvinokonzerwa Nokuneta Zvisinganyanyooneki

Maererano nokumwe kufungidzira, kuneta kunodyira nyika yose mari inopfuura madhora mabhiriyoni U.S. $377 (mabhiriyoni 21 112 emadhora omuZimbabwe) gore rimwe nerimwe! Asi hapana chitsama chemari chinogona kuenzana noupenyu hwomunhu uye utano, izvo zvinowanzokanganiswawo. Somuenzaniso, funga nezvetsaona dzomumigwagwa. Maererano neimwe kiriniki yezvinetso zvehope iri muSydney, kuAustralia, pakati pe20 ne30 muzana yetsaona dzomumigwagwa munyika iyoyo dzinokonzerwa nokuti vatyairi vanenge vachikotsira vachityaira. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti muUnited States, kutsimwaira kunokonzera dzinopfuura tsaona 100 000 pagore.

Asi, zvinokonzerwa nokuneta zvingasaperera ipapo. Munhu akuvara mutsaona anomhanyiswa kuchipatara kunorapwa anotarisira kuti chiremba wake akachangamuka. Asi nokuda kwepurogiramu yakabatikana uye kushanda kwenguva refu, chiremba angave asina kuchangamuka! Mumwe mushumo wakapiwa neAustralian Institute of Health and Welfare wakaratidza kuti inenge 10 muzana yevanachiremba yaishanda anopfuura maawa 65 pavhiki, 17 muzana yevashandi vane unyanzvi vose inopfuura maawa iwayo, uye 5 muzana “yevanachiremba vechiduku” yaishanda anopfuura maawa 80 pavhiki!

“Michina yakadzivirirwa nemabhuku emirayiridzo yemashandisirwo, mashoko okunyevera, uye makosi okurovedza,” anodaro Martin Moore-Ede. “Vanhu vanosvika panyika pano vasina dziviriro yakadaro. . . . Chokwadi chinoshamisa ndechokuti tinoziva zvishomanana nezvemagadzirirwo omunhu pane zvatinoziva nezvemidziyo mihombe uye miduku yaanoshandisa.”

Muviri wedu hauna mwenje inotsvuka kana mabhero anorira achitiudza kuti timire kana kuti tiite zvishoma. Kunyange zvakadaro, unotipa zviratidzo zvokunyevera. Izvozvi zvinosanganisira kuramba wakaneta, kuchinja kwemafungiro, kuora mwoyo, kuita setinongotapukirwa nyore nyore noutachiona hwakangowanda-wanda. Kana uine zviratidzo izvi—chokwadi, ngatitii hauna zvimwe zvinetso zvoutano zvinozvikonzera—ingave nguva yokuongororazve mararamiro ako.

Zvinoitwa Nokunyanyobatikana Kunzanga

Mararamiro okubatikana, anoshayisa nguva yokurara anokuvadzawo ukama hwevanhu. Funga nezvenyaya yevaviri vachangobva kuroorana, John naMaria.a Vaida zvinowanzodiwa nevazhinji vachangobva kuroorana—musha wakanaka uye kuva nemari yakakwana. Saka vose vakaenda kunoshanda nguva yakazara. Asi nokuda kwemashifiti aive asingapindirani, vaiva nenguva shomanana pamwe chete. Nenguva isipi ukama hwavo hwakatanga kushata. Zvisinei, vakangosiya zviratidzo zvacho zvakadaro, uye vakapfuurira nepurogiramu yavo yaidya nguva kusvikira imba yavo yaive isati yambodini yaparara.

“Ongororo dzinoratidza kuti mwero wokurambana pakati pemhuri dzinoshanda mabasa emashifiti wakakwira ne60 muzana pane wevanoshanda masikati,” rinodaro bhuku rinonzi The 24-Hour Society. Asi, vangave vachishanda mashifiti kana kuti kwete, vakaroorana vazhinji vanoedza kuita zvakawanda muupenyu hwavo zvokuti imba yavo inopedzisira yaparara. Kune vamwe, kuora mwoyo nokuneta zvingakonzerawo tsika yokushandisa zvinodhaka nedoro zvisina kufanira uye kusanyatsodya—izvo zvinowedzera kwete kuneta nokurukutika chete asi kuti zvingatokonzerawo zvimwe zvinetso zvakawanda, kunyange kushungurudzwa kwevana.

Misha inorera vana iri kuwedzera, mimwe ichitoshanda kwemaawa 24, kuti ibatsire vabereki kukunda purogiramu inovatorera nguva yakawanda. Zvisinei, TV ndiyo chaizvoizvo mureri wevana vakawanda. Zvechokwadi, kana vana vachizokura kuva vanoziva mitoro, vane mafungiro akanaka, vanoda nguva yakawanda uye yakanaka nevabereki vavo. Nokudaro, vabereki vakanyanyoneta zvokusawanira vana vavo nguva nokuda kwokuedza kuva noupenyu hwepamusoro hwavasingakwanisi, vangaita zvakanaka vakafungisisa zvavari kurasikirwa nazvo—vana vavo uye ivo pachavo.

Munzanga yanhasi iri kukurumidza kufambira mberi mune zvokugadzira zvinhu, vakwegura vanowanzokanganiswawo. Kukurumidza kuchinja uye jakachaka rezvishandiso zvitsva zviri kutengeswa zvinoita kuti vakawanda vanzwe vavhiringidzika, vasina kuchengeteka, vachitya, kunyange kana kupera basa. Saka chii chichaitika kwavari munguva yemberi?

Tose zvedu—vaduku nevakuru—hatigoni kuzvidzivirira zvachose kunyika inoratidzika kuti yakatsunga kuramba ichiwedzera kukurumidza here? Kana kuti pane zvatingaita zvingatibatsira kukunda uye kuvandudza upenyu hwedu here? Zvinofadza kuti zviripo, sezvatichaona munyaya inotevera.

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

[Mifananidzo iri papeji 18]

Kuneta ndiko kungadaro kwakakonzerawo njodzi yepaChernobyl, kuputika kwechitundu musere musere chinonzi “Challenger,” uye kurasika kwemafuta kwepa“Exxon Valdez”

[Kwazvakatorwa]

Courtesy U.S. Department of Energy’s International Nuclear Safety Program

NASA photo

[Mifananidzo iri papeji 19]

Kumhanya-mhanya kwoupenyu kunokonzera kutambura mudzimba

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 20]

Vachiedza kukunda, vamwe vanonwa doro zvokudhakwa