Zvakagonekwa Nezvakatadzwa Nevanhu Nhasi
VANOTSIGIRA kodzero dzevanhu munguva pfupi yapfuura vane zvimwe zvinhu zvaida ushingi zvavakaita. Kutanga, vakabatanidza masangano anopfuura 1 000 munyika 60 musangano rinonzi Basa Remarudzi Akawanda Rekurambidza Zvimbambaira (ICBL). Ipapo, vakaita chibvumirano chemarudzi akawanda chinorambidza zvombo izvi. Izvozvo zvapera, ICBL nemutungamiriri wayo asinganeti, Jody William wekuAmerica, yakahwinha Mubayiro Worugare weNobel wa1997.
Kunyange zvakadaro, zvinhu zvakaitwa zvakadaro, zvakapa chimwe chinhu chekufungisisa. Sekutaura kunoita Human Rights Watch World Report 1998 kuti, kuremekedzwa kwekodzero dzevanhu munyika yose kuchiri “kuramba kuchimutsa mubvunzo.” Hadzisi hurumende dzenhando dzine udzvinyiriri dzoga dzine mhaka. “Masimba makuru enyika,” unodaro mushumo wacho, “akafuratira zviri pachena kodzero dzevanhu padzaioneka kuti dzinokanganisa panhau dzoupfumi kana kufambiswa kwezvinhu zvenyika—katenda kanowanzozivikanwa mose muri muviri muEurope neUnited States.”
Kumamiriyoni evanhu munyika yose, hazviiti kuti kuputswa kwekodzero dzevanhu kungofuratirwa. Nhamo yavo yezuva nezuva ichakangozara nerusaruro, urombo, kuziya nenzara, kutambudzwa, kubatwa chibharo, kubatwa zvisina kufanira kwevana, uranda, uye rufu rwechisimba. Kuvanhu ava mamiriro ezvinhu aivimbiswa nematutu matutu ezvibvumirano haana zvaanoreva kunyika yavanoziva. Chokwadi ndechokuti, kuvanhu vakawanda vacho, kunyange kodzero dzinokosha dziri muzvikamu 30 zveMutemo Wekodzero Dzevanhu Wenyika Yose dzinoramba dziri vimbiso isingazadzikwi. Kuenzanisira, imbofunga zvishomanana kuti dzimwe kodzero dzakanakisisa dzinodudzwa muMutemo wacho dzinoshanda sei muupenyu hwemazuva ose.
Kuenzana Kwevanhu Vose?
Vanhu vose vanoberekwa vakasununguka vakaenzana pachiremera nekodzero.—Chikamu 1.
Zvakambotanga zvanyorwa muChikamu 1 cheMutemo Wenyika Yose zvaiti: “Vanhu (men) vose . . . vakaenzana.” Zvisinei, kuti pave nechokwadi chokuti mashoko aya aisazonzwisiswa kureva kuti vakadzi havasi kubatanidzwa, nhengo dzechikadzi dzaiva mudare revanyori dzakaita kuti mutauro wacho uchinjwe. Vakabudirira, uye “vanhu (men) vose . . . vakaenzana” akava “vanhu (human beings) vose . . . vakaenzana.” (Ndisu tatsveyamisa mashoko.) Asi kuchinja mashoko echikamu ichi kwakachinja nzvimbo yevakadzi here?
Musi wa10 December, 1997, Zuva Rekodzero Dzavanhu, Mudzimai waPurezidhendi weUnited States, Hilary Clinton, akaudza UN kuti nyika ichiri ku“bata vakadzi sevakaderera.” Akapa mienzaniso: Pavarombo venyika, 70 muzana vakadzi. Zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu zvevana vane mamiriyoni 130 vasingakwanisi kuenda kuchikoro vasikana. Zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu zvemamiriyoni 96 asina kudzidza vakadzi. Vakadzi vanotamburawo zvikuru nemhaka yechisimba mumhuri nemunhau dzevatano, icho chinoramba chiri, vanowedzera kudaro Mai Clinton, “kuputswa kwakapararira zvikurusa kwekodzero dzevanhu kusingamhan’arwi zvakakwana munyika.”
Vamwe vakadzi vanokuvadzwa vasati vatomboberekwa. Kunyanya mudzimwe nyika dzeAsia, vamwe vanamai vanobvisa nhumbu dzevanasikana vavo vasati vaberekwa nokuti vanoda vakomana kupfuura vasikana. Mudzimwe nyika kuda vakomana kwakaita kuti bhizimisi rokuongorora kana vana vari mudumbu vari vakomana kana vasikana ribudirire. Imwe kiriniki inovheneka kana ari mudumbu ari musikana kana mukomana yakashambadza mabasa ayo nokupa zano rokuti zviri nani kupedzera $1 026 uchipfupfudza kashiye kechikadzi kari mudumbu zvino pane kupedzera $102 600 pakubhadharira roora rake gare gare. Kushambadza kwakadaro kunoshanda. Kunzvera kwakaitwa mune chimwe chipatara chikuru chekuAsia kwakaratidza kuti 95,5 muzana yetushiye tuchiri mudumbu twakanzi twukadzi twakapfupfudzwa. Kuda vana vakomana kurikowo mudzimwe nzvimbo dzepasi. Pakabvunzwa mumwe aimbova shasha yetsiva wekuU.S. kuti aiva nevana vangani, akapindura kuti: “Mukomana mumwe chete nezvikanganiso zvinomwe.” Rimwe bhuku reUN Women and Violence rinotaura kuti “kuchinja maonero nemafungiro evanhu pamusoro pevakadzi kuchatora nguva refu—chinenge chizvarwa chimwe chete, vakawanda vanodavira kudaro, uye zvichida kupfuura.”
Vana Vasina Kutamba Upwere
Hapana munhu achazogara ari muranda kana kuti kushandira mumwe; uranda uye kutengesa varanda nemarudzi akwo ose zvicharambidzwa.—Chikamu 4.
Papepa, uranda hwakarambidzwa. Hurumende dzakasaina zvibvumirano zvakawandisa zvinorambidza uranda. Zvisinei, maererano neSosaiti yeBritain Inorwisana Neuranda, rinozivikanwa sesangano rekaresa rekodzero dzevanhu, “kune varanda vakawanda zvikuru nhasi kupfuura vakambovapo.” Uranda hwemazuva ano hunobatanidza kuputswa kwekodzero dzevanhu. Kumanikidzwa kushanda kwevana kunonzi nderumwe rudzi rwouranda ruri kuitika.
Derivan, mumwe mukomana wekuSouth America, ndemumwe muenzaniso unosuruvarisa. ‘Tuoko twake tune man’a nemhaka yekubata mashizha anomara emakonje, muti une tambo unoshandiswa kugadzirisa metiresi. Basa rake nderokutora mashizha acho mukamuri raanochengeterwa achiaendesa kumuchina unoagadzira uri kure nemamita 90. Panoperera zuva rokushanda roga roga remaawa 12, anenge atakura mashizha anorema tani. Derivan akatanga kushanda paaiva nemakore mashanu. Nhasi ane makore 11.’—World Press Review.
Hofisi Yemabasa Yemarudzi Akawanda inofungidzira kuti chikamu chimwe muzvina chevana vanokwana bhiriyoni rimwe vari pakati pemakore 5 ne14 vanoshandiswa nhasi—uto revashandi vaduku rakada kukura sekubatanidza pamwe chete vanhu vose vanogara muBrazil neMexico! Vakawanda vevana ava vasina kutamba upwere vanofondoka mumigodhi, vachikakata midziyo yakazara marasha; vanotakwaira nomumatope kunokohwa zvirimwa; kana kukotama pamapuranga okurukisa kuti vagadzire maraga. Kunyange nendumure—dzine makore matatu, mana, nemashanu—dzinoiswa pajoko pamwe chete mumapoka kuti dzirime, kudyara, nekukohwa minda kubva mashambanzou kusvika rubvunzavaeni. “Vana,” anodaro mumwe sapurazi mune imwe nyika yeAsia, “havadhuri pane tarakita uye vakangwara kupfuura mombe.”
Kusarudza Nokuchinja Chitendero
Munhu wese ane kodzero yokufunga akasununguka, yehana, uye yechitendero; izvi zvinobatanidza rusununguko rwekuchinja chitendero chake.—Chikamu 18.
Musi wa16 October, 1997, Sangano reUN “rakagamuchira mashoko okubviswa kwekusashivirira kwose kwezvitendero.” Mashoko acho, akagadzirwa neMutori Wenhau Chaiye weDare Rekodzero Dzevanhu, Abdelfattah Amor, anoratidza kuputswa kweChikamu 18 kuri kuramba kuchiitika. Achitaura pamusoro penyika dzakasiyana-siyana, mushumo wacho unotaura zvakaitika zvakawanda zve‘kunetswa, kutyisidzirwa, kubatwa zvakaipa, kusungwa, kuzarirwa, kunyangarika, nekuponda.’
Nenzira yakafanana, 1997 Human Rights Reports, yakanyorwa neBazu Revanhu, nereKodzero Dzevanhu nereBasa, inoti kunyange nenyika dzanga dzine gamuchidzanwa renguva refu rorusununguko “rakaedza kuganhurira rusununguko rweboka revanhu vakasiyana-siyana rezvitendero zviduku, richiadana ose pamwe chete kuti ‘tupoka twechechi.’” Zvinhu zvakadaro zviri kuitika zvinoda kuongororwa. Willy Fautré, purezidhendi wesangano reKodzero Dzevanhu Risina Kwarakarerekera riri muBrussels, anotaura kuti: “Rusununguko rwokuzvisarudzira chitendero ndechimwe chiratidzo chakanakisisa cherusununguko rwevanhu vose chero munzanga ipi zvayo.”
Musana Unorwadza Asi Homwe Dzakabooka
Munhu wese anoshanda ane kodzero yokuwana mubhadharo wakafanira uye wakanaka unoita kuti iye nemhuri yake vave nechokwadi chokurarama sevanhuwo.—Chikamu 23.
Vanotema nzimbe muCaribbean vangatambira madhora matatu eU.S pazuva, asi rendi nemutengo wezvishandiso unokurumidza kuvapinza mumambure echikwereti kuvaridzi veminda. Uyewo, havabhadharwi nemari chaiyo asi netupepa tunoratidza mari yacho. Asi sezvo chitoro chepapurazi chiricho chitoro bedzi chinogona kusvikwa nevatemi venzimbe, vanomanikidzwa kutenga mafuta, mupunga, nebhinzi imomo. Zvisinei, kugamuchira tupepa twemari kunobhadharwa, nokudaro chitoro chinobvisa 10 kusvika ku20 muzana youkoshi hwemari iri patupepa twacho. Bill O’Neill, mutevedzeri wemutungamiriri weDare Remagweta Rekodzero Dzevanhu, akataura munhepfenyuro yeredhiyo yeUN kuti: “Panopera mwaka wokukohwa, havana mari yavakashandira kwemavhiki, nemwedzi yebasa rinotyora musana. Havana kana nesendi zvaro ravakachengeta, uye vairarama nezvokupambara mwaka iwoyo.”
Kurapwa Kwevanhu Vose Here?
Munhu wese ane kodzero yekurarama upenyu hwakanaka zvakakwana nokuda kwoutano nokugara zvakanaka kwake nemhuri yake, kubatanidza zvokudya, zvokupfeka, dzimba uye kurapwa.—Chikamu 25.
‘Ricardo naJustina varimi varombo vekuLatin America vanogara makiromita 80 kubva kuguta riri pedyosa. Pakarwara Gemma, kacheche kavo kasikana, vakamuendesa kukiriniki isiri yehurumende yaiva pedyo, asi vashandi vepo vakaramba kumurapa nokuti zvaiva pachena kuti Ricardo aisagona kubhadhara mari yaidiwa. Zuva rakatevera, Justina akakwereta mari yebhazi kuvavakidzani nokuda kwerwendo rurefu rwekuguta. Justina paakazosvika nemwana kuchipatara chehurumende chiduku, akaudzwa kuti pakanga pasina mibhedha uye kuti aifanira kudzoka mangwanani aitevera. Sezvo akanga asina hama muguta racho uye asina mari yokurenda kamuri, akarara akagara patafura yepamusika. Justina akafungatira mwana kuti adziirwe uye kuti amudzivirire, asi zvakashaya basa. Usiku ihwohwo kaGemma kakafa.’—Human Rights and Social Work.
Munyika yose, munhu mumwe pavanhu vana anopambara nedhora rimwe chete (U.S) pazuva. Vanotarisana nezvinetso zvakakomba sezvakangoita Ricardo naJustina: Zvipatara zvisiri zvehurumende zviriko asi zvinodhura, nepo zvipatara zvevanhu vose zvisingadhuri asi hazviwaniki. Zvinosuruvarisa kuti, kunyange zvazvo varombo venyika vane bhiriyoni rimwe vakawana ‘kodzero yokurapwa,’ nanhasi havasati vava kuwana zvipatara zvacho.
Ndandanda yokuputswa kwekodzero dzevanhu haiperi. Mamiriro ezvinhu akafanana neataurwa pamusoro apa anogona kupetwa kane mazana emamiriyoni. Pasinei zvapo nenhamburiko huru dzemasangano ekodzero dzevanhu uye pasinei zvapo nekuzvipira kwezviuru zvevatsigiri vanotoita zvekuisa upenyu hwavo pangozi kuti vavandudze upenyu hwevarume, vakadzi, nevana munyika yose, kodzero dzevanhu vose chinoramba chiri chiroto. Zvichazombofa zvakaitika here? Pasina mubvunzo zvichaitika, asi zvinhu zvinoverengeka zvinofanira kutanga zvaitika. Nyaya inotevera ichakurukura zviviri zvacho.
[Vakatipa Mufananidzo uri papeji 8]
Courtesy MgM Stiftung Menschen gegen Minen (www.mgm.org)
[Vakatipa Mifananidzo iri papeji 9]
WHO photo/PAHO by J. Vizcarra
UN PHOTO 148051/J. P. Laffont—SYGMA