Zvaunoona Uri Pauriri Hwechi29

PAUNOBUDA murifiti yemuchivako uchipinda muuriri hwechi29 hwechivako cheMubatanidzwa Wenyika Dzepasi Pose muNew York City, kachiratidzo kebhuruu kanoratidza nzira inoenda kuHofisi yeMumiririri Mukuru Wekodzero Dzevanhu (OHCHR). Hofisi yemushandirapamwe iyi inomiririra dzimbahwe reOHCHR riri muGeneva, Switzerland—muzinda mukuru wemabasa ekodzero dzevanhu weUN. Mary Robinson, Mumiririri Mukuru weKodzero Dzevanhu, vanotungamirira OHCHR muGeneva, asi Elsa Stamatopoulou akaberekerwa kuGreece ndiye anenge ari mukuru wehofisi yekuNew York. Pamavambo egore rino, Mai Stamatopoulou vakagamuchira nemutsa munyori weMukai! uye vakadzokorora makore makumi mashanu ebasa rekodzero dzevanhu. Heano mamwe emashoko sezvaari ebvunzurudzo yacho.

Mubvunzo: Ndezvipi zvinhu zvakanaka zvamunofunga kuti zvakaitwa pakutsigira kodzero dzevanhu?

Mhinduro: Ndichakupai mienzaniso mitatu yezvinhu zvakanaka zvakaitwa: Kutanga, makore 50 apfuura pfungwa yekodzero dzevanhu yakanga isipo pazvinhu zvaikurukurwa nemarudzi akawanda; nhasi yava kwose kwose panguva yose yose uye iri kushanda. Hurumende dzisina kumbobvira dzanzwa nezvekodzero dzevanhu makumi emakore apfuura zvino dzava kutaura nezvadzo. Chechipiri, zvino tava nebumbiro remitemo remarudzi akawanda, kana kuti bhuku remitemo, rine zvibvumirano zvakawanda zvinoudza hurumende nemashoko akanyorwa pasi zvadzinofanira kuitira vanhu vadzo. [Ona bhokisi rakanzi “Gwaro Remarudzi Akawanda Rekodzero Dzevanhu,” riri papeji 7.] Zvakatora makore akawanda okushanda zvakaoma kuti bumbiro remitemo iri rigadzirwe. Tinodada kwazvo naro. Muenzaniso wechitatu ndewokuti vanhu vakawanda kwazvo kupfuura zvati zvamboitwa vanobatanidzwawo mumapoka okutsigira kodzero dzevanhu uye vanokwanisa kutaura zvakajeka pamusoro penhau dzekodzero dzevanhu.

Mubvunzo: Zvibingamupinyi ndezvipi?

Mhinduro: Pashure pokushanda makore 17 muzvirongwa zvekodzero dzevanhu zveUN, chokwadi, ndazoziva kuti tine zvinetso zvinoodza mwoyo. Chikurusa chacho ndechokuti hurumende dzinoona kodzero dzevanhu senhau yezvematongerwe enyika panzvimbo peyekugara zvakanaka kwevanhu. Dzingasada kuita zvibvumirano zvekodzero dzevanhu nokuti dzinofunga kuti dziri pangozi mune zvematongerwe enyika. Pazvinenge zvakadaro, zvibvumirano zvekodzero dzevanhu zvinochinja kuva tsamba dzisina basa. Chimwe chinhu changa chichidzosera shure ndiko kusakwanisa kweUN kudzivirira kuputswa kwakakomba kwekodzero dzevanhu munzvimbo dzakadai seyaichimbova Yugoslavia, Rwanda uye, munguva pfupi yapfuura, Algeria. Kusakwanisa kweUN kudzivirira kuurayiwa kwevanhu vakawanda kwazvo kwakaitika munyika idzi kwaiva kukundikana kunonzwisa tsitsi. Mitoo inofanira kushandiswa pakodzero dzevanhu yakanaka kwazvo, asi mumwe munhu anofanira kuona kuti iri kuitwa here. Munhu wacho ndiani iyeye? Kana zvinoda kuitwa nenyika dzaigona kubatsira zvisiri pangozi, chido chokuenda kunomisa kuputswa kwekodzero kazhinji panenge pasina.

Mubvunzo: Muri kuonei mberi?

Mhinduro: Ndiri kuona ngozi netariro munzira inoenda kukodzero dzevanhu vose. Chinondinetsa ingozi inogona kuvapo kana upfumi hwenyika yose hukaitwa kuti hubatanidze nyika yose, izvo zvinokonzera kuti makambani makuru amhanyire kunyika dzavanobhadhara vashandi mari shomanene. Nhasi, kana zvichidiwa kuti tidaro, tinogona kupa hurumende mhaka yekuputswa kwekodzero dzevanhu nokudzimanikidza kuteerera. Asi ndiani watinopa mhaka kana zvibvumirano zvokutengeserana zvikachinja simba razvo kubva kuhurumende zvichiriendesa kuvezveupfumi hunobatanidza nyika yose? Sezvatisingaudzi vezveupfumi zvekuita, zvinoshayisa simba masangano anoshanda nehurumende dzakawanda akadai seUN. Kana toreva nezvekodzero dzevanhu, izvi zvinokuvadza. Iye zvino zvava kukosha kuti masangano ezvokutengeserana asiri ehurumende abatanidzwe muzvirongwa zvekodzero dzevanhu.

Mubvunzo: Ko tariro yacho?

Mhinduro: Kukura kwetsika yekodzero dzevanhu yenyika yose. Zvandiri kureva ndezvokuti nedzidzo tinofanira kuita kuti vanhu vazive kodzero dzevanhu. Chokwadi, izvozvo zvinhu zvakaoma nokuti zvinobatanidza kuchinja mafungiro. Ndokusaka, makore gumi akapfuura, UN yakatanga kuparadzira mashoko kuvanhu kuti ivadzidzise kodzero dzavo nokudzidzisa nyika basa radzo. Uyewo, UN yakatsaura makore a1995 kusvika ku2004 se“Makore Gumi Edzidzo Yekodzero Dzevanhu.” Tinotarisira kuti, dzidzo ingangochinja pfungwa nemwoyo zvevanhu. Izvi zvingangonzwikawo seEvhangeri, asi kana iri dzidzo yekodzero dzevanhu, ndiri mutendi wechokwadi. Ndinovimba kuti nyika ichagamuchira tsika yekodzero dzevanhu sepfungwa yayo muzana remakore riri kutevera.

[Bhokisi riri papeji 7]

Gwaro Remarudzi Akawanda Rekodzero Dzevanhu

Kunze kweMutemo Wekodzero Dzevanhu Wenyika Yose, panewo Gwaro Remarudzi Akawanda Rekodzero Dzevanhu. Zvine ukamai?

Kana ukafananidza Gwaro Remarudzi Akawanda Rekodzero Dzevanhu nebhuku rine maganhuro mashanu, Mutemo Wenyika Yose unganzi iganhuro 1. Maganhuro 2 ne3 Chibvumirano Chemarudzi Akawanda Chekodzero Pazvinhu Zvisinei Nematongerwe Enyika neZvematongerwe Enyika uye Chibvumirano Chemarudzi Akawanda Chekodzero pane Zveupfumi, Zvenzanga neZvetsika. Uye maganhuro 4 ne5 rimwe rawo rine Gwaro Rine mirayiridzo inorayira kuchengetwa kwemitemo iyi.

Nepo Mutemo Wenyika Yose uchifungwa kuva unokosha panhau yetsika, uchiudza marudzi zvaanotarisirwa kuita, mamwe magwaro mana aya okuwedzera anosungisa nemutemo, achiudza nyika zvadzinofanira kuita. Kunyange zvazvo basa pamagwaro aya rakatanga muna 1949, zvakatora makumi emakore kuti ose atange kushandiswa. Nhasi, magwaro mana aya pamwe chete neMutemo Wenyika Yose anoumba Gwaro Remarudzi Akawanda Rekodzero Dzevanhu.

Kunze kweGwaro Remarudzi Akawanda iri, UN yakatendera zvimwe zvibvumirano zvekodzero dzevanhu zvinopfuura 80. “Nokudaro kukanganisa kana kukafungwa kuti zvibvumirano zvekodzero dzevanhu zviri muGwaro Remarudzi Akawanda zvinokosha kupfuura zvose,” inotsinhira kudaro imwe nyanzvi yekodzero dzevanhu. “Somuenzaniso, Chibvumirano Chekodzero Dzomwana cha1990 ndiro gwaro renyika yose rakatenderwa zvakanyanya kupfuura mamwe reUN, asi harisi chikamu cheGwaro Remarudzi Akawanda. Gwaro rakapiwa zita rokuti ‘Gwaro Remarudzi Akawanda Rekodzero Dzevanhu’ kuitira pakuzivisa vanhu kwete nemhaka yezvarinoreva. Uye, unobvumirana nazvo, kuti mashoko acho anokwezva.”a

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 6]

Elsa Stamatopoulou

[Kwazvakatorwa]

UN/DPI photo by J. Isaac