Chikonzero Nei Vana Vachiva Varwi Vakanaka
WAKAURAYA HERE? “Aiwa.”
WAIVA NEPFUTI HERE? “Hongu.”
WAKANONGEDZA PFUTI YACHO HERE? “Hongu.”
WAKAIRIDZA HERE? “Hongu.”
CHII CHAKAITIKA? “Vakangodonha pasi.”—World Press Review, January 1996.
IYI kurukurirano inotyisa pakati pomushandi womunzanga nomwana ari murwi muAfrica inoratidza kuvhiringidzika kuri mundangariro duku inoedza kurangarira zvomunguva yakapfuura.
Mumakore achangobva kupfuura, munyika 25, vana vari pasi pezera remakore 16 vakakumbanira kurwa. Mukati ma1988 moga, vana 200 000 vakanga vachirwa nokushingaira muhondo. Nemhaka yokuti vakashandiswa zvisakafanira navakuru, vana vari varwi vanyajambwawo.
Ukoshi Hwavo Savarwi
Munguva yakapfuura, apo mauto airwa nemapfumo nemapakatwa, mwana aiva nomukana muduku wokupukunyuka muhondo nomukuru aishandisa zvombo zvakafanana. Asi ino inguva yezvombo zvakareruka. Nhasi, mwana ane pfuti yokurwisa nayo—AK-47 yakagadzirwa kuRussia kana kuti M16 yakagadzirwa kuAmerica—akaenzana nomukuru.
Zvombo izvi hazvina kureruka chete asiwo zviri nyore kushandisa nokuchengetedza. AK-47 inogona kugurunurwa nokubatanidzwazve neane makore gumi okukura. Pfuti idzi dzakawandawo zvikuru. MaAK-47 ane mamiriyoni 55 akatengeswa. Mune imwe nyika yeAfrica, dzinotengwa nemari shoma se$6 (U.S.). Pfuti dzeM16 dzakawandawo uye hadzidhuri.
Kunze kwokukwanisa kushandisa pfuti dzokurwisa chete, vana vari varwi vanokosheswa nokuda kwezvimwe zvikonzero. Havarayiri mubhadharo, uye kashoma kutiza. Uyezve, vana vanoda zvikuru kufadza vakuru vavo. Murangariro wavo wechakarurama nechisina kururama unokundwa nechido chokuda kugamuchirwa neboka rorusununguko kana kuti boka ramauto amagandanga rinenge rava “mhuri” yavo.
Vakawanda vavo havatyiwo. Mucherechedzi wehondo muWest Africa akatsanangura kuti: “Sezvo [vana] vasingaratidziki kuva vane kunzwisisa kumwe cheteko kworufu sevarwi vakuru, sezvingabvira havawanzorega mumamiriro ezvinhu asina tariro.” Mumwe mukomana weLiberia, uyo aiva nezita rokunemera rokuti Mutungamiriri Muchini Unouraya akazvitutumadza achiti: “Apo varume vakuru vakatendeuka ndokutiza, isu vakomana vaduku takasara tiripo kuti tirwe.”
Chinoshamisa chacho ndechokuti, kunyange zvazvo vakomana vachiva varwi vakanaka, kazhinji kazhinji vanorangarirwa savanoparadzwa zvikurusa. Mukati meimwe hondo muMiddle East, mapoka avarwi vari vana vakarayirwa kutungamirira munzvimbo dzine zvimbambaira.
Kunyoresa Nokurovedzwa
Vamwe vana vanokumbanira mauto kana kuti masangano avapandukiri nemhaka yokuti vanoda kunakidzwa. Uyewo, apo ngozi inotyisidzira uye mhuri dzinonyonganiswa, nzvimbo inogara varwi inogovera pfungwa yechengeteko uye inotsiva mhuri. United Nations Children’s Fund inoti: “Vana vakakura vakapoteredzwa nemasimba masimba vanoona izvi semararamire echigarire. Vari voga, vaitwa nherera, vatyiswa, vafinhwa nokuvhiringidzwa, kazhinji kazhinji pakupedzisira vachasarudza kurwa.”
Vamwe vana vanokumbanira mauto nemhaka yokuti pangaratidzika kuva pasina chisarudzo chiri nani. Padzimwe nguva, apo zvokudya zvinenge zviri zvishoma uye ngozi ichityisidzira, kukumbanira mauto kungaratidzika kuva nzira yoga yokupukunyuka nayo.
Pane dzimwe nguva vana vangazviwana vava varwi veruramisiro yenzanga, zvitendero zvorudzidziso, kana kuti kuzivikanwa kwetsika yorudzi. MuPeru, somuenzaniso, vana vakamanikidzwa kukumbanira mapoka amagandanga vanowana nguva refu yokudzidziswa zvematongerwe enyika. Kazhinji kazhinji, zvisinei, izvozvo hazvidikanwi. Brian Milne, munzveri wamararamire omunhu wenzanga uyo akaongorora vana vari varwi muSoutheast Asia akati: “Vana havana dzidziso. Vanongofurirwa bedzi norutivi rumwe kana kuti rumwe rwacho uye voitwa kuti vashande.”
Vamwewo vana vanomanikidzwa kukumbanira. Mune dzimwe hondo dzeAfrica, mapoka anopanduka anorwisa misha kuti apambe vana, avo ipapo vanoitwa kuti vapupurire kana kuti vabatanidzwe mukutambudza nokuuraya vemhuri dzavo vamene. Pane dzimwe nguva vanomanikidzwa kupfura vabereki vavo kana kuti kucheka huro dzavo. Vangotyisidzirwa chete, vakomana vacho vanoitwa kuti vatyisidzire vamwe. Ava vaduku vakabatwa noutsinye kazhinji kazhinji vanoita zviito zvoutsinye izvo kunyange varwi vakuru vakaoma mwoyo vaizoramba kuita.
Kudzokera Kuupenyu Hwomuzvarirwo
Hazvisi nyore kuti vana vakadaro vachinjire kuupenyu husina masimba masimba. Mutungamiriri wesangano rinotarisira vana mune imwe nyika yeWest Africa akati: “Vana vatakabata navo vose vakakuvara ndangariro kusvika kumwero yakasiyana-siyana. Vakabata chibharo, vakauraya nokutambudza. Vazhinji vavo vakapiwa zvinodhakisa kana kuti mirimo, zvikurukuru marijuana, asi pane dzimwe nguva heroin. . . . Unogona kufungidzira mugumisiro wakaipa une zvinhu zvakadaro pandangariro dzevana, vamwe vavo vezera dukusa remakore masere kana kuti mapfumbamwe.”
Mamirire acho ezvinhu akafanana muLiberia yakavakidzana, umo makumi ezviuru evana akapedza uduku hwawo achityisidzira nyika. Hazvisi nyore kuti vakuru vehondo vechiduku navatungamiriri vavo varege nzvimbo nesimba zvavakapiwa neAK-47. Mumwe mugari weSomalia akati: “Kana une pfuti, une upenyu. Pasina pfuti, hapana upenyu.”
Kazhinji kazhinji, vana vari varwi havagoni kudzokera kumba nemhaka yokutya kurangwa kana kuti kurambwa nemhuri yavo. Mumwe anopa vana mazano muLiberia akati: “Vanamai vachati kwatiri, ‘Muchengetei. Hatidi mhondi iyi mumba medu.’”
Kunyange zvazvo vana vakawanda vakachinja kuti vararame upenyu hune rugare, kuita kudaro kunoda rudo rukuru zvikuru, kutsigira, uye kunzwisisa kwavose vakavapoteredza. Hakusi nyore kuvana vacho kunyange kumhuri dzavo. Mumwe mushandi womunzanga muMozambique anotsanangura kuti: “Enzanisa upenyu hwokukwanisa kutora chose chaunoda, kuudza vamwe zvokuita, noupenyu hwako apo unodzoka kumusha. Zvikurukuru kana une makore 17 okukura uye usingagoni kurava uye usina unyanzvi. Unosiyiwa une upenyu hunofinha. Zvakaoma zvikuru kuvambazve kuudzwa navamwe vanhu zvokuita uye kutangazve giredhi rokutanga.”
[Bhokisi/Mufananidzo uri papeji 5]
Anwar ane makore 13 okukura anogara muAfghanistan. Nyanzvi yehondo nhanhatu, akauraya kokutanga mune yechinomwe. Akapfura varwi vaviri ari pedyo ndokutubvura-tubvura mitumbi negaro repfuti yake kuti ave nechokwadi kuti vakanga vafa. Apo akabvunzwa kuti ainzwa sei pamusoro pechiitiko chacho, Anwar akaratidza kuvhiringidzwa nomubvunzo wacho. “Ndakafara nokuti ndakavauraya,” akadaro.
Mukati mehondo imwe cheteyo, vamwe vairwa naAnwar vakapamba varwi vana vaiva vavengi. Vasungwa vacho vakasungwa, ndokusungwa maziso, uye vakapfurwa. Anwar akanzwa sei pamusoro pazvo? Murwi muduku akamisa mananda ndokupindura zvishoma nezvishoma uye noune, sokunge akanga achitaura nebenzi. “Ndakafara.”
[Bhokisi/Mufananidzo uri papeji 6]
Musungwa aifanira kusunungurwa nokukurumidza muWest Africa akasungwa maoko, asi mutungamiriri wehondo akanga arasa makiyi. Mutungamiriri akapedza chinetso chacho kupfurikidza nokurayira mukomana murwi kucheka maoko omusungwa. “Muhope dzangu ndichiri kunzwa murume iyeye achichema,” anodaro mukomana wacho. “Nguva dzose pandinomufunga, ndinozvidemba.”