Apo Kuva Mukobvu Kusiri Nani

“Mbatya dzangu hadzichakwani,” akademba kudaro Rosa, ane makore 35. “Ndasvika makirogiramu 86 zvino, uye handina kutongofungidzira kuti ndaizofuta kudai!”

ROSA haasi oga mukunetseka pamusoro peuremu hwake huri kuwedzera. MuUnited States, maanogara, chinenge chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chenyika yacho chakafutisa.a Mwero wevanhu vakura vakafutisa muBritain wakapetwa kaviri mumakore gumi. Uye muJapan—umo kurema zvinopfuura mwero kwaisawanzooneka—kufutisa kuri kuva kwevazhinji.

Nhamba dziri kuwedzera dzevana vanorema kupfuura zvavanofanira kuva vakaita. Pwere dzeAmerica dzinenge 4 700 000 dziri pakati pemazera emakore 6 ne17 dzinorema zvinopfuura mwero, nepo inenge 20 muzana yevana veCanada yakafutisa. Mumakore mashoma apfuura kufutisa kwouhwana kwakaratidza kuwedzera kakapetwa katatu muSingapore.

Mune dzimwe nyika, kuva mukuru nemhaka yekufuta kunorangarirwa seufakazi hwekubudirira neutano, mamiriro ezvinhu anoshuviwa zvikuru kwazvo kupfuura urombo nezvokudya zvisakakwana. Asi munyika dzokuMadokero, umo zvokudya zvinowanika nyore kazhinji kazhinji, kufuta hakuwanzorangarirwa sokunoshuviwa. Mukupesana, kunowanzoparira kuitira hanya kwakakomba. Nei?

“Kunyange zvazvo vanhu vazhinjisa vachidavira kuti kufutisa hakutarisiki zvakanaka,” anodaro Dr. C. Everett Koop, aichimbova chiremba mukuru weUnited States, “kutaura idi ihosha yakakomba.” Nyanzvi yezvekuseredza zvokudya F. Xavier Pi-Sunyer, yeNew York anotsanangura kuti: “[Kufuta kwevanhu veAmerica kuri] kuisa vanhu vazhinji mungozi yokuva nehosha yeshuga, kukwira kweBP, sitiroko, hosha yemwoyo, kunyange zvimwe zvimiro zvakati zvekenza.”

Uremu Hukuru, Ngozi Huru

Rangarira kumwe kunzverwa kwavanamukoti vechikadzi veAmerica 115 000, vakaongororwa kwemakore 16. Nzvero yacho yakawana kuti apo vanhu vakura vanowedzera kunyange nemapaundi 11 kusvikira ku18, kunoguma nengozi huru yehosha yemwoyo. Nzvero iyi, yakabudiswa muThe New England Journal of Medicine yaSeptember 14, 1995, kwakaratidzira kuti chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chenzufu dzekenza uye hafu yenzufu dzehosha yemwoyo zvakaparirwa nokurema kunopfuura mwero. Maererano nomumwe mushumo uri muThe Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) yaMay 22/29, 1996, “78 muzana yeBP muvarume ne65 muzana yeBP muvakadzi inogona kunzi inoparirwa zvakananga nokufutisa.” American Cancer Society inotaura kuti avo “vanorema zvikuru kupfuura mwero” (40 muzana kana kuti kupfuura uremu hwakanaka) “vane ngozi huru yokuva nekenza.”

Asi hakusiri kungofutisa chete kuri ngozi; kuparadzirwa kwemanda yomuviri kunoipisawo ngozi yehosha yacho. Avo vane manda yakawandisa mudumbu vane ngozi huru chaizvoizvo kupfuura avo vanoremera muhudyu dzavo nezvidya. Manda munharaunda yedumbu inobatanidzwa nengozi yakawedzerwa yechirwere cheshuga, hosha yemwoyo, kenza yemazamu, uye kenza yechibereko.

Nenzira yakafanana, pwere dzinorema kupfuura mwero dzinorwara neBP, mwero yakakwirira yecholesterol, uye mamiriro ezvinhu anotangira chirwere cheshuga. Uye kazhinji kazhinji vanova vanhu vakura vakafutisa. The New York Times, ichishandisa mashoko akabudiswa mumagazini yezvokurapa yeBritain The Lancet, yakashuma kuti “vanhu vakanga vakafuta vari vana vakakurumidza kufa uye vakarwara hosha dzakawanda zvikuru vachiri vaduku zvikuru kupfuura vamwe vanhu vose zvavo.”

Nhungamiro Itsva Pamusoro Peuremu

Hurumende yeUnited States, ichipwiswa nengwavaira yeuremu yakakomba, yakaomesa nhungamiro dzayo dzinorumbidzwa pamusoro peuremu muna 1995. (Ona bhokisi riri papeji rinotevera.) Nhungamiro dzakawiriraniswa nomusi dzinozivisa “uremu hwakanaka,” “uremu hunopfuura zvine mwero,” uye “uremu hunopfuura mwero zvakakomba.” Nhungamiro dzacho dzinoshanda kuvose vari vaviri varume vakura nevakadzi, pasinei zvapo nezera.

Nhungamiro dza1990 dzaibvumira kukura kwomuviri uri pakati nepakati muzera rapakati, kazhinji kazhinji inonzi nhambo yezera rapakati nepakati. Nhungamiro itsva hadzibvumiri izvozvi, sezvo dzichiratidzira kuti vanhu vakuru havafaniri kuwedzera uremu nokufamba kwenguva.b Nokudaro, munhu aimborangarirwa kuva wouremu hwenguva dzose angazviwana zvino ava muboka revanorema kupfuura mwero. Somuenzaniso, munhu akareba masendimita 168 ari pakati pemazera emakore 35 ne65 anorema makirogiramu 75 aizodai ari muboka reuremu hwakanaka pasi penhungamiro dza1990. Asi pasi penhungamiro itsva, aizova achirema kupfuura mwero nemakirogiramu mashanu!

Takasvika Sei Pakukura Kudai?

Mavara anogarwa nhaka anogona kutapura chimiro chendangariro chemunhu kukufutisa, asi haasiri iwo anoparira kuwedzera kweuremu munyika dzokuMadokero. Chimwe chinhu chinoparira chinetso chacho.

Nyanzvi dzezveutano dzinobvuma kuti kudya manda kunogona kutifutisa. Nyama yakawanda nezvinogadzirwa nemukaka zvakawanda, zvinhu zvakabhekwa, zvokudya zvinogadzirwa nokukurumidza, zvokudya zvokuvaraidza nzara, zvokudya zvakakangwa, muto, girevhi, uye mafuta zvakazara nemanda, uye kuzvidya kunogona kutungamirira kukufutisa. Kunodaro sei?

Eya, kudya macalory akawanda muzvokudya zvatinodya kupfuura anoshandiswa nomuviri wedu kunotikodza. Manda ine macalory mapfumbamwe pagiramu, kuchienzaniswa nemacalory mana ari mugiramu repuroteini kana kuti giramu rekabhohaidhireti. Naizvozvo tinopinza macalory akawanda apo tinodya manda. Asi kune chimwe chinhu chinokosha—nzira iyo muviri womunhu unoshandisa nayo simba rinogoverwa nemakabhohaidhireti, puroteini, uye manda. Muviri unopisa makabhohaidhireti nepuroteini pakutanga, tevere manda. Macalory anenge asina kushandiswa emanda inochinjwa kuva manda yemuviri. Naizvozvo kuderedza zvokudya zvine manda inzira inokosha yokuderedza nayo uremu.

Bva, vamwe vanodavira kuti vakaderedza kudya kwavo manda vanowana kuti miviri yavo ichiri kungofuta. Nei? Chimwe chikonzero ndechokuti vari kudya zvokudya zvizhinji zvikuru. Imwe nyanzvi yezvokudya muUnited States inoti: “Tinodyisa nemhaka yokuti zvizhinjisa zvinogoverwa. Apo zvinenge zviripo, tinozvidya.” Vanhu vanodyisawo zvokudya zvine manda shoma kana kuti zvisina manda. Asi imwe nyanzvi ine femu muUnited States inopa mirayiridzo kuvagadziri vezvokudya inotsanangura kuti: “Zvigadzirwa zvakaderedzwa manda kazhinji kazhinji zvinonakiswa nokuwedzera shuga [ine macalory akawanda].” Nokudaro, The New York Times yakashuma kuti: “Miitiro miviri yemuma90—kuwana zvakawanda sezvinobvira pamari inenge yashandiswa uye kudya zvokudya zvine manda shoma, kana kuti zvisina—zvazoparira kukara,” nokudaro kuwedzera uremu.

Mararamiro okupedzera nguva huru paterevhizheni anoparirawo kufuta. Imwe nzvero muBritain yakawana kuti chinopfuura chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chevakura vari munyika iyoyo chinorovedza zvine mwero kwemaminiti ari pasi pe20 vhiki imwe neimwe. Vari pasi pehafu havatomboiti mitambo yakasimba. Kufamba nemotokari kwakatsiva kufamba munyika zhinji dzokuMadokero, uye kuona terevhizheni kwakawedzerwa kunokurudzira zvose zviri zviviri usimbe nokukara. MuUnited States, vana vanogara ndokutarira terevhizheni kwemaawa anofungidzirwa kuva 26 vhiki imwe neimwe, tisingadudzi nguva inopedzerwa pamitambo yemavhidhiyo. Panguva ino, inenge 36 muzana bedzi yezvikoro zvichine zvidzidzo zvokurovedza muviri.

Kunewo zvikonzero zvepfungwa zvekuva anorema kupfuura mwero. “Tinodya nemhaka yezvinodikanwa zvemirangariro,” anodaro Dr. Lawrence Cheskin, weJohns Hopkins Weight Management Center. “Tinodya apo tinenge takafara, tinodya apo tinenge takasuruvara. Takakura tichidavira kuti zvokudya zvinotsiva zvimwe zvinhu zvizhinji.”

Tinogona Kubudirira Here?

Nhau dzokurema kupfuura mwero dzakaoma kunzwisisa. Gore rimwe nerimwe vagari veAmerica vanofungidzirwa kuva mamiriyoni 80 vanorega zvokudya zvakati. Asi vanenge vose vanodzokera kuaichimbova madyire avo nokukurumidza pashure pokunge vaderera uremu. Mukati memakore mashanu, 95 muzana inovazve neuremu hwainenge yarasikirwa nahwo.

Zvinodikanwa kuderedza uremu ndokuhudzivisa ichinjo mumararamiro. Chinjo dzakadaro dzinoda nhamburiko nokuzvipira, pamwe chete norubatsiro runobva kumhuri neshamwari. Mune zvimwe zviitiko rubatsiro rwenyanzvi dzoutano rungadikanwawo.c Kuti nhamburiko dzako dzibudirire, zvisinei, chido chakanaka chinofanira kuvapo. Zvakanaka kuzvibvunza kuti, ‘Nei ndichida kuderedza uremu?’ Nhamburiko dzako dzokuderedza uremu sezvingabvira zvikuru dzingabudirira kana chishuvo chokudzivisa ngozi youtano chichiteverwa nechishuvo chokunzwa zviri nani nokuratidzika zviri nani uye kuvandudza kunaka kwoupenyu hwako.

Unogona kudya zvokudya zvinonaka zvizhinji nezvinogutsa zvose zviri zviviri zvinovaka muviri uye zvine macalory mashoma. Asi tisati tarangarira zvokudya zvinogona kukubetsera kuderedza uremu, ngatinzvere nzira iyo zvokudya zvakati zvinogona kuva nayo ngozi kuutano.

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

[Chati iri papeji 24]

Uri muboka re“uremu hwakanaka,” “uremu hunopfuura zvine mwero,” kana kuti “uremu hunopfuura mwero zvakakomba here?” Girafu rinoratidzwa pano richakubetsera kupindura mubvunzo iwoyo dzakawanda nemapfupa, zvakadai sevarume vazhinji.

Nhungamiro Youremu ya1995 Nokuda Kwavose Vari Vaviri Varume Nevakadzi

(Kana uchida mashoko azere, ona bhuku racho)

Urefu *

198 cm

190 cm

180 cm

160 cm

150 cm

30 kg 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110

Uremu †

Nhamba dzakavakirwa pa: U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

* Usina shangu.

† Usina mbatya. Uremu hukuru hunoshanda kuvanhu vane tsandanyama