Kubatwa Zvisina Kufanira Muvatano Kwavana—Chinetso Chemunyika Yose
YAKANYORWA NOMUNYORI WEMUKAI! MUSWEDEN
Nzanga yavanhu iri kuzungunuswa nechimiro chinokatyamadza chokubata vana zvisina kufanira icho chiri choukuru norudzi zvaisazivikanwa zvikuru kutozosvikira makore mashoma apfuura. Kuti vaone kuti chii chingagona kuitwa pamusoro pako, vamiririri venyika 130 vakaungana muStockholm, Sweden, paMusangano Wenyika Wokurwisa Kubatwa Zvisina Kufanira Muvatano Kwavana Mune Zvokutengeserana wokutanga. Munyori weMukai! muSweden akanga aripowo.
APO Magdalen aiva nemakore 14, akanyengedzwa kupinda basa “somugamuchiri wevaenzi wechikadzi” mubhawa muManila, Philippines. Chaizvoizvo, basa rake raibatanidza kuenda nevatengi vechirume kukamuri duku ndokufukura muviri wake nokuda kwokubata kwavo zvisina kufanira muvatano—avhareji yevarume 15 muusiku humwe uye 30 paZvitanhatu. Pane dzimwe nguva, apo aitaura kuti aisagona kukutsungirirazve, maneja wake aimumanikidza kupfuurira. Aiwanzopedza zuva rake na4:00 mumangwanani, achinzwa aneta, aora mwoyo, uye asingafari zvikuru.
Sareoun akanga ari mukomana muduku anogara mumugwagwa ari nherera muPhnom Penh, Cambodia. Akanga aine njovhera uye aizivikanwa kuva akanga ‘avatana’ nevokudzimwe nyika. Akapiwa pokugara mutemberi, umo aifanira ‘kutarisirwa’ neaichimbova mumongi. Uyu murume, zvisinei, aibata zvisina kufanira muvatano mukomana wacho ndokumuwanisa nokuda kwevatano kune vokudzimwe nyika. Apo pokugara paSareoun mutemberi macho pakaparadzwa, akavamba kugara natete vake asi akangomanikidzirwa kushanda mumugwagwa.
Iyi inongova mienzaniso miviri chete yechinetso chakakomba chakabatwa mukupera kwegore rapfuura paMusangano Wenyika Wokurwisa Kubatwa Zvisina Kufanira Muvatano Kwavana Mune Zvokutengeserana. Uyu muitiro wakapararira zvikuru sei? Mazana ezviuru evana anobatanidzwa—zvirokwazvo, vamwe vanoti mamiriyoni. Imwe nhume yakapfupikisa chinetso chacho ichiti: “Vana vanotengwa ndokutengeswa sezvinhu zvevatano nezvokuwana nazvo mari. Vanotengeswa mukati nokunze kwemiganhu yenyika sezvinhu zvinorambidzwa kutengeswa, vanoiswa mutorongo mudzimba dzepfambi ndokumanikidzirwa kuzviisa pasi penhamba huru yevanobata zvisina kufanira muvatano.”
Mukutaura kwake kwokuzarura kukuungana kwacho, mutungamiriri wehurumende weSweden, Göran Persson, akaratidzira uku kubatwa zvisina kufanira se“rudzi rwemhaka youtsinye zvikurusa, youmhuka zvikurusa neinonyangadza.” Mumiririri weUnited Nations akati “kudenha vana nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana . . . , kwakashata chose chose uye kuputswa kunozvidzwa zvikurusa kwekodzero dzomunhu kunofungidzirika.” Kutaura kuzhinji kwakafanana kwokushatiriswa nokubatwa zvisina kufanira muvatano kwavana kwakataurwa kubva pachikuva mumusangano wacho wose sezvo ukuru, rudzi, zvisakiso, uye tapuro dzako zvakarangarirwa.
“Ukuru hwako hunopfuura miganhu yenyika, tapuro yako inotambanuka kubva kuchizvarwa kuenda kune chimwe,” mamwe manyuko anodaro. Mamwe akati: “Vana vanofungidzirwa kuva miriyoni 1 vanodavirwa kuva vanopinda mukutengeswa kwevatano kusiri kwepamutemo kunoita mabhiriyoni amadhora gore rimwe nerimwe.” Netapuroi? “Pfungwa yavana yokuva nechiremera, kuva vakasiyana nokuzviremekedza inoderedzwa uye kukwanisa kwavo kuvimba kunoneteswa. Utano hwavo hwomuviri nomurangariro hunoiswa mungozi, kodzero dzavo dzinoputswa uye nguva yavo yemberi inoiswa mungozi.”
Zvimwe Zvisakiso
Ndezvipi zvimwe zvisakiso zvokuwedzera kunokurumidza zvikuru kweichi chinetso? Zvakanzi vamwe vana vano“manikidzirwa kupinda muupfambi nemamiriro ezvinhu, senzira yokupona nayo mumigwagwa, kubetsera kutsigira mhuri dzavo, kana kuti kuripira zvipfeko nezvinhu. Vamwe vanonyengedzwa nokudenha zvikuru kwemifananidzo yevatengi muzvokushambadzira nazvo.” Vamwe zvekare vanonyerudzwa ndokumanikidzirwa kupinda muupfambi. Kukukurwa kunokurumidza kwemipimo yetsika kwose kwose, pamwe chete nepfungwa yakapararira yokusava netariro, zvakadudzwa pakati pezvisakiso zvacho.
Vasikana nevakomana vazhinji vanobatanidzwa mubhizimisi revatano nemhaka yokubata zvisina kufanira kwemhuri—masimba masimba nemakunakuna pamusha zvinovadzingira mumugwagwa. Imomo, vari mungozi yokubatwa zvisina kufanira nevanoshuva kuvatana nevana uye vamwe, kunyange, kunoratidzika kudaro, nemapurisa. Mushumo pamusoro pechinetso chacho une musoro unoti Kids for Hire unotaura nezvaKatia ane makore matanhatu okukura, muBrazil. Apo akabatwa nomupurisa, akamumanikidza kuita zviito zvinonyadza ndokutyisidzira kuuraya mhuri yake kana akataurira mukuru wake. Zuva rakatevera akadzoka aine vamwe varume vashanu, vose avo vaida kuti aite basa rimwe chetero revatano nokuda kwavo.
Children’s Ombudsman, sangano rokuSweden, rakaudza nhume dzacho kuti: “Apo nzvero dzinenge dzaitwa pamusoro pezvinoparira upfambi hwavana, hapana mubvunzo kuti bhizimisi re[vatano] ndechimwe chezvisakiso zvikuru.” Mumwe mushumo wakati: “Kuwedzera kusingadaviriki kwoupfambi hwevana mukati memakore gumi akapfuura kunoparirwa zvakananga nokushanyira vatano. Upfambi hwevana ndechinokwezva vashanyi chitsva zvikurusa chinogoverwa nenyika dzichiri kusimukira.” “Shanyo dzevatano” dzokuEurope, United States, Japan, uye kwose kwose dzinoita kudikanwa kukuru kwevana pfambi munyika yose. Imwe ndege yokuEurope yakashandisa mufananidzo wekatuni wemwana akamira zvinokarakadzira vatano kuti usimudzire shanyo dzevatano. Masangano okufamba anoronga shanyo dzevatano nokuda kwezviuru gore rimwe nerimwe.
Chiriwo pandaza yacho refu yezvisakiso kusimudzira kwenyika dzakawanda bhizimisi revatano yavana kupfurikidza nemutoo mutsva wesayenzi. Internet, yabatanidzwa nemimwe mitoo yesayenzi yemakombiyuta yazvino, inoshumwa kuva manyuko makuru bedzi ezvinhu zvevatano. Michina yevhidhiyo ine mitengo yakaderera yakaita nenzira yakafanana kuti kubudiswa kwezvinhu zvevatano zvevana kuve nyore.
Ndivanaani?
Vazhinji vevakuru vanobata vana zvisina kufanira vanonzi vanhu vane chishuvo chokuvatana nevana. Munhuwo zvake ane chishuvo chokuvatana nevana ane kukwezviwa kwevatano kwakashata nevana. Mukuwirirana neChildren’s Ombudsman yeSweden, “havasi zvikurukuru varume vari kukwegura, vane uyanga vakapfeka marenikoti kana kuti varume vanoita masimba masimba. Munhu ane chishuvo chokuvatana nevana chaiye murume wezera repakati akadzidza, anowanzoshanda nevana somudzidzisi, chiremba, mushandi wemagariro evanhu kana kuti muprista.”
Boka rokuSweden rakarondedzera muenzaniso waRosario, musikana ane makore 12 okukura wokuPhilippines uyo akabatwa zvisina kufanira muvatano neanoshanyira vatano, chiremba wokuAustria. Kubata kwake zvisina kufanira kwakaguma nokufa kwemusikana wacho.
Carol Bellamy, mutungamiriri anoita zvisarudzo weUNICEF (United Nations Children’s Fund) kuGeneva, akataura zvinotevera pamusoro pomusikana wacho ane makore 12 okukura wokuPhilippines: “Vanowanzova vakuru vamene vakaronzeswa tarisiro nekotsekano yevana avo vanobvumira ndokupfuudzira uyu muitiro usingatsungiririki. Kune vadzidzisi, vanamazvikokota voutano, vakuru vakuru vemapurisa, vezvematongerwo enyika, uye mitezo yevafundisi avo vanoshandisa mukurumbira wavo nechiremera kubata zvisina kufanira vana muvatano.”
Rudzidziso Runobatanidzwa
Imwe nhume yeChechi yeRoma Katurike pamusangano weStockholm yakazivisa kuti kubatwa zvisina kufanira kwavana ndiyo “yakaipa zvikurusa yemhaka dzose” uye “mugumisiro wokuvhiringidzwa kukuru nokuputswa kwenheyo.” Bva, Chechi yeKaturike yakatapurwa zvakakomba nemiitiro yakadaro pakati pevafundisi vayo imene.
Muchinyorwa chaAugust 16, 1993, cheNewsweek, nyaya ine musoro unoti “Vaprista uye Kubata Zvisina Kufanira” yakashuma nezve“chinonyadzisa chakaipisisa chevafundisi munhau yazvino yeChechi yeKaturike yeUnited States.” Yakati: “Nepo pomero dzakaitirwa vaprista vanofungidzirwa kuva 400 kubvira muna 1982, vamwe vafundisi vanofungidzira kuti vaprista vakawanda se2 500 vakabata zvisina kufanira vana kana kuti vechiduku. . . . Zvinopfuura mari, zvinonyadzisa zvacho zvakaparira chechi kunyadziswa kwakakomba—uye chimwe chechiremera chayo chetsika.” Mamwe marudzidziso munyika yose ari mumamiriro ezvinhu akafanana.
Ray Wyre, mupi wezano wemhaka dzevatano wokuUnited Kingdom, akaudza musangano weStockholm pamusoro pevakomana vaviri avo vakanga vabatwa zvisina kufanira nenzira youtsinye zvikuru mune zvevatano nomuprista. Mumwe wevakomana vacho ari kutarisira sangano revanyajambwa vokubatwa zvisina kufanira kwevana nevaprista, uye mumwe wacho ndeanobata zvisina kufanira iye amene.
Mettanando Bhikkhu, nyanzvi yechiBuddha yokuThailand, yakashuma kuti “marudzi akati emuitiro wechiBuddha anogoverana mutoro wokubatwa zvisina kufanira kwavana muvatano mune zvokutengeserana muThailand munzvimbo dzinoverengeka. Mumisha yomunzvimbomo muThailand, mamongi akabetserwa pane dzimwe nguva nemari inodzoserwa kunzanga nevana avo vakamanikidzirwa kupinda muupfambi.”
Chii Chinogona Kuitwa?
Dr. Julia O’Connell Davidson, weYunivhesiti yeLeicester muUnited Kingdom, akakumbira musangano wacho kudenha kupembedza mufambiro wavo kwevanobata zvisina kufanira. Vanobata zvisina kufanira vanowanzonongedzera pakunonzi kusazvibata kwevatano nounzenza zvemwana wacho, vachitaura kuti mwana wacho inzenza kare uye akashatiswa. Vamwe vanobata zvisina kufanira vanoshandisa kutaura kwakashata nokwenhema kwokuti hapana kuvadziko ichabva muzviito zvavo uye kuti mwana wacho akabetserwa.
Boka rinobata nokushanyira vatano rakarumbidza kukurwisa kupfurikidza nedzidzo muzvinofundwa zvechikoro. Mukuwedzera, mashoko anorwisana nokubatwa zvisina kufanira muvatano kwavana anofanira kusvika vafambi murwendo rwacho rwose—vasati vasimuka, mukati mokufamba, uye kwavari kuenda.
Pamusoro pemitoo mitsva yesayenzi yekurukurirano, rimwe boka rakakarakadza kuti nyika dzinofanira kugoverwa nhungamiro nokuda kwokubviswa kwezvinhu zvinobata vana zvisina kufanira. Kuitwa kwesangano rimwe renyika dzakawanda kuti ritsinhiranise mubato mune izvozvi kwakarangarirwa. Rimwe boka rakarumbidza kuti zvinhu zvevatano zvinobva mumakombiyuta uye kuva nezvinhuwo hazvo zvevatano zvevana kunofanira kuitwa mhaka dzoutsotsi munyika dzose, nechirango chinopiwa nemutemo.
Vabereki vanogona kuitei? Boka raibata nebasa rezvinobudisa nhau rakakarakadza kuti vabereki vave nomutoro wokudzivirira vana vavo. Rakati: “Vabereki havagoni bedzi kutungamirira vana sezvavanokura ndokuvamba kushandisa zvinobudisa nhau asi vanogovera mashoko okuwedzera, tsananguro nemhatsa yemanyuko emashoko kuti vadzikamise tapuro yezvinobudisa nhau ndokubetsera mwana kukura achinzwisisa.”
Purogiramu yeTV yokuSweden ichishuma pamusoro pemusangano wacho yakasimbisa kudikanwa kwokuti vabereki vatarisire vana vavo zviri nani uye kuvangwadza kungozi dzacho. Zvisinei, yakapa zano kuti: “Musangonyevera vana nezve‘varume vakwegura vasina tsika,’ nemhaka yokuti vana . . . nokudaro vanofunga kuti vanofanira kungwarira bedzi varume vakwegura, vane uyanga, nepo munhu anopara mhaka dzakadaro angava akapfeka zvakanaka zvikuru yunifomu kana kuti sutu yakanaka. Nokudaro, vanyeverei nezvevavasingazivi avo vanovafarira zvisiri zvenguva dzose.” Chokwadika, vana vanofanira kunyeverwawo—uye kukurudzirwa kushuma kuzviremera—pamusoro pemunhu upi noupi anokarakadza zvisina kururama kwavari, kubatanidza vanhu vavanoziva.
Mhinduro Bedzi
Icho musangano weStockholm waisagona kukarakadza yaiva nzira yokukurira nayo zvisakiso zvokubatwa zvisina kufanira muvatano kwevana. Izvozvi zvinobatanidza mipimo yetsika iri kuparara nokukurumidza kwose kwose; udyire huri kuwedzera uye kushuva zvinhu zvokunyama; kusaremekedza mutemo wakaitirwa kudzivirira vanhu mukusaruramisira kunowedzera; kusaremekedza garikano, chiremera, uye upenyu zvavamwe kuri kuwedzera; kuputsika kunokurumidza kwegadziriro yemhuri; urombo hwakapararira nemhaka yokuwandisa kwavagari venyika, urovha, kuitwa kwamaguta, uye kutama; urudzi hunowedzera mukurwisana nevokune dzimwe nyika nevapoteri; kugadzirwa nokutengeswa kusiri kwepamutemo kwezvinodhaka kunoramba kuchiwedzera; uye mirangariro yorudzidziso, miitiro, uye tsika zvakashata.
Kunyange zvazvo kubatwa zvisina kufanira muvatano kwavana kuchikatyamadza, uipi hwakadaro haushamisi varavi veBhaibheri vakangwarira. Nei zvakadaro? Nemhaka yokuti tiri kurarama muayo Bhaibheri rinodana kuti “mazuva okupedzisira” uye, mukuwirirana neShoko raMwari, “nguva dzokutambudzika” dzavapo. (2 Timotio 3:1-5, 13) Naizvozvo kunoshamisa here kuti tsika dzakabva pakuipa kuenda pakuipisisa?
Zvisinei, Bhaibheri rinonongedzera mberi kumhinduro bedzi yezvinetso zvikuru zvenyika—kuchenesa chose kunoitwa naMwari Wamasimba Ose. Nokukurumidza acharatidzira simba rake ndokubvisa vose vari pasi pano vasingachengeti nheyo dzake dzakarurama nemitemo: “Vakarurama vachagara panyika, vakakwana vacharambirapo. Asi vakaipa vachaparadzwa panyika.”—Zvirevo 2:21, 22; 2 VaTesaronika 1:6-9.
Avo va“chaparadzwa” vachabatanidza vose vanoita vana pfambi uye vanhu vakashata vanobata vana zvisina kufanira. Shoko raMwari rinoti: “Nokuti mhombwe, . . . kana vanofeva, . . . kana vanoita zvakaipa navarume [kana kuti vakomana] . . . havangagari nhaka youshe hwaMwari.” (1 VaKorinte 6:9, 10) Rinowedzera kuti “vanyangadzi . . . nemhombwe” vachaendeswa ku“rufu rwechipiri”—ruparadziko rusingagumi.—Zvakazarurwa 21:8.
Mwari achachenesa pasi ndokuparira tsika yezvinhu itsva uye yakarurama chose chose, “matenga matsva nepasi idzva.” (2 Petro 3:13) Ipapo, munyika itsva iyeyo yaachaita, vanhu vakashata, vakaipa havasati vachizotongoshandisa zvakare vasina mhaka. Uye vasina mhaka havasati vachizotongotyazve kuitwa vanyajambwa, nokuti “hakuna ungazovatyisa.”—Mika 4:4.
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“Rudzi rwemhaka youmhuka zvikurusa neinonyangadza.”—Mutungamiriri wehurumende weSweden
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“Vhiki iri yose, varume mamiriyoni 10 kusvika kumamiriyoni 12 vanoshanyira pfambi duku.”—The Economist, London
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Kushanyira vatano chisakiso chikuru chokubatwa zvisina kufanira kwavana munyika dzichiri kubudirira
[Bhokisi riri papeji 29]
Kushanyira Vatano—Neiko?
(Zvimwe zvikonzero nei vashanyi vachivatana navana)
(1) Kusazivikanwa uko mushanyi anako kunomusunungura muzvinoganhurira zvomusha
(2) Nemhaka yokunzwisisa zvishoma kana kuti kusanzwisisa mutauro womunzvimbomo, vashanyi vanogona kunyengedzwa nyore nyore kudavira kuti kuripira vatano nemwana kunogamuchirwa kana kuti inzira yokubetsera nayo vana kubva muurombo
(3) Zvimiro zvendangariro zvevourudzi zvinoita kuti vashanyi vabate vamwe zvisina kufanira vavanorangarira kuva vakaderera
(4) Vashanyi vanorangarira kuti vakapfuma apo vanoona kuti betsero dzevatano dzinotengeka nyore nyore munyika dzichiri kusimukira
[Bhokisi riri papeji 31]
Ukuru Hwemunyika Yose Hwechinetso Chacho
(Dzinotevera ifungidziro dzakaitwa nezviremera zvehurumende zvakasiyana-siyana uye mamwe masangano)
Brazil: Vana pfambi vanenge 250 000
Canada: Zviuru zvevasikana vechiduku vari kuitwa pfambi mumasangano akarongwa anotsvakira pfambi varume
China: Kubva pavana vakaitwa pfambi 200 000 kusvika ku500 000. Mumakore mashoma apfuura vasikana vokuChina vanenge 5 000 vakanyengedzwa kudarika muganhu ndokutengeswa sepfambi muMyanmar
Colombia: Nhamba yevana vanobatwa zvisina kufanira muvatano mumigwagwa yeBogotá yakapetwa nekashanu mumakore manomwe akapfuura
Eastern Europe: Vana vanogara mumugwagwa vane 100 000. Vazhinji vanoendeswa kudzimba dzepfambi muWestern Europe
India: Vana 400 000 vanobatanidzwa mubhizimisi revatano
Mozambique: Masangano anoyamura akapa mhosva mauto anochengetedza rugare eUN kubata vana zvisina kufanira muvatano
Myanmar: Vasikana uye vakadzi 10 000 vanoendeswa kudzimba dzepfambi muThailand gore rimwe nerimwe
Philippines: Vana 40 000 vanobatanidzwa
Sri Lanka: Vana 10 000 vezera ramakore 6 kusvika ku14 vanoitwa varanda mudzimba dzepfambi uye 5 000 vezera ramakore 10 kusvika ku18 vari kushanda vakazvimirira munzvimbo dzinoshanyirwa navashanyi
Taiwan: Vana 30 000 vanobatanidzwa
Thailand: Vana 300 000 vanobatanidzwa
United States: Manyuko evakuru vakuru anotaura nezvevana vanopfuura 100 000 vanobatanidzwa