Neiko Chechi Iri Kurasikirwa Nepesvedzero?

“MuStoic ari wose akanga ari wechiStoic; asi muchiKristudhomu muKristu ari kupi?”

RALPH WALDO EMERSON, MUNYORI WERONDEDZERO NENHETEMBO WEAMERICA WEZANA RAMAKORE RECHI19.

“NDIRI muKaturike—asi kwete anoshingaira,” anotsanangura kudaro mumwe mai muduku. “Ndaisagona kusaitira hanya pamusoro porudzidziso,” mumwe wechiduku anowedzera kudaro. Tsinhiro dzavo dzakafanana nedzechizvarwa chiduku chavokuEurope. Kunyange zvazvo vabereki vavo—kana kuti sezvinobvira zvikuru vanasekuru navanambuya vavo—vachiri vaendi kuchechi, kutenda kworudzidziso hakuna kuvhara mukaha wechizvarwa.

Neiko miitiro yorudzidziso yairemekedzwa nezvizvarwa zvavokuEurope yakaregwa?

Rutyo Haruchisiri Chisakiso

Kwamazana amakore kutya hero yomwoto kana kuti purigatori kwakaisa pesvedzero ine simba pavokuEurope. Mharidzo dzinonyandura nemifananidzo yakajeka yechechi yehero inopisa isingadzimiki zvakakurudzira vanhuwo zvavo kuti kupinda chechi kwokuzvipira kwaigona kuvaponesa pashurikidzo yehero. Uyezve, Catechism of the Catholic Church inotaura kuti “Chechi inosungira mitezo yayo ‘kutora rutivi muMunamato Woumwari pamaSvondo namazuva omutambo.’”a Mumaruwa dzvinyiriro yenzanga yakanga ine mwerowo—munhu ari wose aikarirwa kupinda chechi pamaSvondo.

Asi nguva dzakachinja. Vanhu vanonzwa zvino vakasununguka kuita zvavanoda. Rutyo haruchisiri chisakiso. Hero yakamira kusimbiswa, sezvo vaKaturike veEurope vazhinjisa vasingaidaviri havo.

Chaizvoizvo, “chivi” chokukundikana kupinda Misa yeSvondo hachirangarirwi nenzira yakakomba zvikuru. Tirso Vaquero, muprista weKaturike muMadrid, Spain, anobvuma, kuti: “Kana muKristu weKaturike akasauya kuMisa paSvondo, tine urombo zvapachokwadi nemhaka yokuti arasikirwa neiyi nhambo yekurukurirano naMwari nehama dzake, kwete nemhaka yokuti aita chivi. Iyoyo inhau isingakoshi.”

Naizvozvo rutyo haruchisiri kuparira kuzvipira. Zvakadiniko nechiremera chetsika chechechi nevatungamiriri vayo—vanogona here kurayira ruvimbiko rwemapoka avo?

Dambudziko Rechiremera

Kuguma kworutyo rworudzidziso kwakaitika panguva imwe cheteyo nokuderera kunocherechedzeka muchimiro chetsika chechechi. “Kwamazana amakore takava . . . navadzidzisi vazhinji zvikuru vetsika uye vadzidzisi vashomanene zvikuru vomufambiro wakarurama,” anonyunyuta kudaro wezvenhau weItaly Giordano Bruno Guerri. Uku kushayikwa kwoutungamiriri hwetsika kwakasimbiswa nehondo dzenyika mbiri idzo dzakaparadza chiKristudhomu. Chechi dzeEurope dzakanga dzisina simba rokudzivisa vatendi mukupinda mumubato wokuteura ropa zhinji. Zvakatoipisisa, chechi dzakava dzinobatanidzwa nenzira yokushingaira munhamburiko yehondo—pamativi ose ari maviri.

“Hondo Yenyika Yokutanga, hondo yavagari vemo pakati pemasekete echiKristu, yakazarura nhambo yengwavaira nechishoro nokuda kwechiKristu,” anotsinhira kudaro wezvenhau Paul Johnson. “Hondo Yenyika Yechipiri yakapa denho dzinotorwadza zvikuru pamamiriro ezvinhu etsika okutenda kwechiKristu kupfuura Yokutanga. Yakaratidzira kusava namaturo kwechechi muGermany, mavambo eChinjo, uye umbwende noudyire zveChiremera chaPapa.”

Zvibvumirano zveVatican nehurumende yeNazi yaHitler nehurumende dzechiFascist yaMussolini muItaly naFranco muSpain zvakakuvadzawo chiremera chetsika chechechi. Pakupedzisira, mutengo worudzidziso nokuda kwokukodzera kwezvematongerwe enyika kwakadaro wakanga uri kurasikirwa nesimba.

Chechi Nehurumende—Kusunungura Chisungo Chacho

Mukati mezana ramakore rechi20, nyika zhinji dzeEurope dzakasunungura pakupedzisira chisungo chaibatanidza Chechi neHurumende. Kutaura idi, hakuna nyika huru yeEurope inobvuma zvino chiKaturike cheRoma sorudzidziso rwayo rwapamutemo.

Kunyange zvazvo chechi dzakatanhamara dzingava dzichiri dzinotsigirwa nehurumende, dzakarasikirwa nepesvedzero yezvematongerwe enyika yadzaiwanzoshandisa. Havasi vafundisi vose vakasvika pakugamuchira ichi chokwadi chitsva. MuJesuit akatanhamara weSpain José María Díez-Alegría anodavira kuti “vatungamiriri vechechi ye[Katurike] vanofunga—vazhinji vavo muuchokwadi hwose—kuti havagoni kuita basa ravo rokufudza pasina tsigiro ye‘hurumende.’”

Asi iyi “tsigiro ye‘hurumende’” yakaputsika. Spain, iyo yakanga ine hurumende “yeKaturike yorudzi” kutozosvikira 1975, inoratidzira aya mamiriro ezvinhu. Mumakore mashoma apfuura boka ravafundisi rinotonga reSpain rakava nerwisano inopfuurira nehurumende yechiSocialist pamusoro pokupiwa mari kwechechi. Bhishopi weTeruel, Spain, akanyunyuta nguva pfupi yapfuura kuvagari voruwa rwake kuti anonzwa “atambudzwa somuKaturike” nemhaka yokuti hurumende yeSpain haisi kupa chechi tsigiro yemari yakakwana.

Muna 1990 mabhishopi eSpain akazivisa kuti “dambudziko guru rehana netsika” rakanga richitapura nzanga yeSpain. Ndiani wavakapa mhaka nokuda kweiri ‘dambudziko retsika’? Mabhishopi akataura kuti chimwe chezvisakiso zvikuru wakanga uri “murangariro usina kujeka unosimudzirwa panhambo nenhambo nokutarisira kwehurumende [hurumende yeSpain].” Sezviri pachena, mabhishopi acho anokarira hurumende kutsigira zvitendero zveKaturike pamwe chete nokugovera zvipo zvemari.

Vafundisi Vanoshandisa Zvavanoparidza Here?

Upfumi hukuru hweChechi yeKaturike hwave huri nguva dzose chinonyadzisa kuvaprista avo vanoshanda mumaruwa avafundisi anoshayiwa. Kwaitonyadzisa zvikuru apo Vatican Bank rakabatanidzwa muicho magazini yeTime yakadana kuti “chinonyadzisa chezvemari chakaipisisa muItaly yapashure pehondo.” Muna 1987, bvumo dzakanyorwa dzakapiwa namamejasitiriti eItaly nokuda kwokusungwa kwabhishopi mukuru nevamwe vakuru vakuru vaviri vebhangi reVatican. Nemhaka yechimiro chaicho chakakwirira cheVatican, zvisinei, vafundisi vakapiwa mhaka vakadzivisa kusungwa. Vatican Bank rakaomerera kuti hapana chakaipa chakanga chaitwa asi rakakundikana kudzima murangariro wokuti chechi yakanga isiri kushandisa izvo inoparidza.—Enzanisa naMateo 23:3.

Mufambiro wevatano wokusazvibata unoziviswa zvikuru wakaita kuvadziko inotove huru zvikuru. Muna May 1992 bhishopi weIreland, anozivikanwa zvikuru nokuda kwokutsigira kwake kusaroora, akakumbira ruwa rwake ku“mukanganwira” noku“munyengeterera.” Akamanikidzirwa kurega basa pashure pokunge kwawadzanyurwa kuti akanga ari baba vomukomana ane makore 17 uye akanga ashandisa mari dzechechi kuripira dzidzo yake. Mwedzi mumwe uku kusati kwaitika muprista weKaturike akaoneka muterevhizheni yeGermany ne“shamwari yake” navana vavo vaviri. Akati aishuva ku“zarura kurukurirano” pamusoro penyaya youkama hwevatano husingatenderwi hwapachivande uhwo vaprista vazhinji vanoita.

Zvinonyadzisa zvacho zvinosiya chiratidzo chazvo nomutoo usingadzivisiki. Wezvenhau Guerri, mubhuku rake rinonzi Gli italiani sotto la Chiesa (VaItaly Mukudzora kweChechi), anozivisa kuti “kwamazana amakore Chechi yakazvidzisa vaItaly.” Mumwe mugumisiro, anodaro, ku“kudziridzika kwekurwisana nokuwedzera simba vafundisi kwakapararira, kunyange pakati pemitezo yechechi yakatendeka.” VaKaturike vakashatirwa vanganzwa vaedzwa kubvunza vafundisi vavo mibvunzo mimwe cheteyo iyo muapostora Pauro akabvunza vaRoma, kuti: “Somuenzaniso, munoparidza kuti rega kuba, asi mune chokwadi nokutendeseka kwenyu mumene here? Munoshora muitiro woupombwe, asi mune chokwadi norucheno rwenyu mumene here?”—VaRoma 2:21, 22, Phillips.

Mukaha Uri Pakati Pavafundisi Navanhuwo Zvavo

Chinetso chisinganyanyooneka asi chinopedza simba zvikuru sezvinobvira ndiwo mukaha uri pakati pavafundisi navanhuwo zvavo. Tsamba dzoufudzi dzinobva kumabhishopi dzinoratidzika kuva dzinoshatirisa panzvimbo pokurayiridza vari voruwa rwomufundisi. Munzvero yeSpain, 28 muzana bedzi yaavo vakabvunzurudzwa “yakabvumirana nokutaura kwamabhishopi.” Nhamba yakaenzana “yakanga isingaitiri hanya chose chose,” uye 18 muzana yakataura kuti “hainzwisisi zvavari [mabhishopi acho] kutaura pamusoro pazvo.” Bhishopi mukuru Ubeda weMajorca, Spain, akabvuma, kuti: “Isu mabhishopi tinofanirawo kubvuma rutivi rwedu rwomutoro mumuitiro wokuita vanhu vasiri vechiKristu—uko kuri idi.”

Kushayikwa kweshoko rapaMagwaro rakajeka kunoparadzanisazve vanhuwo zvavo. Mukuwirirana neCatholic Herald, “vaprista vazhinji [muFrance] vakasarudza kubatanidzwa muzvinhu zvematongerwe enyika kuti vagova va‘nobetsera,’” kunyange zvazvo vazhinjisa vavagari vomuruwa rwavo rwomufundisi vaizoda kuti vape ngwariro pazvinhu zvomudzimu. Muprista weItaly nowezvemagariro avanhu Silvano Burgalassi anobvuma, kuti: “Zvimwe [vanhu vaduku] vakabva kuna Mwari nemhaka yomuenzaniso wedu wakashata. Takavapa ‘musanganiswa’ wokubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira, rudzidziso nebhizimisi, udyire nokushatiswa.” Nenzira isingashamisi, vaprista vari kurasikirwa nenzvimbo yavo yenzanga. “Ndiri muKaturike, asi handidaviri vaprista” kutaura kunowanzonzwiwa kubva kuvaKaturike veSpain.

Vamwe vaKaturike vanokuwana kwakaoma kuvimba navaprista, uye vamwe vane panikiro dzakakomba pamusoro pechitendero chechechi—zvikurukuru dzidziso idzo vanorangarira kuva dzisina mufungo kana kuti dzisingashandi.

Dzidziso Dzisinganzwisisiki

Muenzaniso uri pachena nenzira inorwadza idzidziso yapamutemo yeKaturike pamusoro penhau yehero. Catechism of the Catholic Church inoti: “Dzidziso yeChechi inobvuma kuvapo kwehero nokusaguma kwayo.” Kunyange zvakadaro, nzvero dzenguva pfupi yapfuura dzinoratidza kuti chikamu chimwe bedzi chezvina chavaKaturike veFrance nechikamu chimwe chezvitatu chavabiyavo veSpain chinodavira kuti hero iripo.

Nenzira yakafanana, pamusoro penhau dzetsika, vaEurope vanokombamira kuva “vaKristu vanoita zvavanofunga.” Mimmi, muLutheran wechiduku wokuSweden, anodavira kuti nhau dzetsika, dzakadai sokuva navana vari kunze kwomuchato, “chimwe chinhu chokuzvisarudzira.” VaKaturike veFrance vazhinjisa vaizobvumirana naye. Pakutarisana nezvisarudzo zvinokosha muupenyu, 80 muzana yakati yaizotevera nhungamiro yehana dzayo panzvimbo peiyo yechechi.

Munguva yakapfuura chiremera chechechi chakanga chakakwana kudzvinyirira inzwi ripi neripi rinopokanidza. Kubva mumurangariro weVatican, zvishomanene zvakachinja. Catechism inotaura nenzira yakaoma kuti “zvose zvakataurwa pamusoro pomutoo wokududzira nawo Rugwaro zviri pakupedzisira pasi pechisarudzo cheChechi.” Muitiro wokuda chiremera, zvisinei, hautongowani tsigiro ipi neipi. “Kupokanidza pamusoro penhau yechiremera kunopfuurira,” anonyunyuta kudaro Antonio Elorza, purofesa weSpain wefundo dzezvematongerwe enyika. “Chechi inosarudza kuvaka chinodzivirira, ichiyeresa kushanda kwegamuchidzanwa rayo mukutarisana nenhau.” Kunze kwe“chinodzivirira,” pesvedzero yechechi nechiremera chayo zvinopfuurira kuderera.

Kunze kwokuderera kwomudzimu, zvisakiso zvenzanga chimwe chisakiso chinokosha chinoparira kusaitira hanya kworudzidziso. Nzanga yezvokutengeserana inogovera mikana mizhinji yevaraidzo nenhandaro—uye vokuEurope vazhinjisa vane chishuvo chacho nenzira yokuzvifarikanya nayo. Kupfurikidza nokuenzanisa, kuenda kuchechi kunoratidzika kuva nzira youpenzi yokushandisa nayo mangwanani eSvondo. Kunze kwezvo, minamato yechechi haiwanzoratidzika kuva inogutsa zvinodikanwa zvomudzimu zvavanhu.

Kunoratidzika sokusingabviri kuti rudzidziso rwegamuchidzanwa ruchawanazve kudzora kwarwo paboka ramakwai reEurope. Rudzidziso ipesvedzero yomunguva yakapfuura—rwakafanosarudzirwa kutsakatika sezvakaita madinosaur here?

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

[Mashoko okukwezva vaverengi ari papeji 6]

Kuzvipira kukuru kwomufarwa kwakakurira nzvimbo yapakati yechiKristudhomu

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 7]

Pavanotarisana nechisarudzo chemharidzo kana kuti kuzambira zuva, vokuEurope vazhinjisa vanosarudza nokusazengurira kuenda kumhenderekedzo yegungwa