Vaenzi—Neiko Vachitama?
“HAKUNA munhu angagona kufungidzira rudzi rwengozi dzatinotarisana nadzo muNyika Dzisina Kubudirira . . . nenhamo dzatinotarisana nadzo muno kungoedza kuva vanobudirira ndokutsigira mhuri dzedu shure kumusha.” Akanyora kudaro Elizabeth, mutami womuAfrica, kumupepeti wenhau wamagazini yeNational Geographic. Mashoko ake anozivisa chikonzero chikuru chokuti nei mamirioni avanhu achidisa kurega misha yavo kuenda kundotanga upenyu patsva munyika yechienzi.
Chokwadika, mutami mumwe nomumwe ane migariro yake amene yakati nezvikonzero zvokutama. Vamwe, kufanana nomukadzi adudzwa pamusoro apa, vangave vakatama kuti vanzvenge migariro yakaoma yokurarama iyo iri munyika dzavo dzechibarirwe. Mubhuku rake rinonzi Population, Migration, and Urbanization in Africa, William Hance anotsanangura kuti zvinhu zvakadai sechirwere, kutapurwa nezvipukanana, ivhu richisina zvokudya, kusanaya kwemvura, mafashamo, nzara, hondo, uye gakava rendudzi zvikonzero zvikuru zvokutama kukuru kwanhasi kubva muAfrica. Mamwe mativi apasi ane migariro yakafanana yokupererwa nezano rose zvaro akavawo nzvimbo uko mapoka makuru avanhu akatamira.
Zvisinei, nyanzvi dzedzidzo yamagariro avanhu munzanga dzakazivisa chishuvo chokunzvenga migariro yokurarama inodzvinyirira sorutivi bedzi rwechikonzero chekombamiro dzokutama dzanhasi.
Muuyo Wokusaidzira Nokukweva
Kukweverwa kunyika dzinopa banza riri nane muupenyu isundowo yakasimba yokutama. Iyoyi, pamwe chete nechishuvo chokunzvenga migariro yakashata, inoparira chinozivikanwa somuuyo wokusaidzira nokukweva. Nhamo dzomunzvimbomo dzinokombamira kukusaidzira uye betsero dzokumwe dzinokombamira kukukweva, kana kuti kuunza, munhu kukutama. Rangarira chinoitika chaNguyen Van Tue, mupoteri chaiyeiye weVietnam ari muJapan. Kunyange zvazvo akatambura zvakawanda achingunoveri kugonana nokuva vokumwe, Nguyen anobvuma, kuti: “Ndinogutsikana. Mhuri yangu ineni uye tiri vapenyu uye tiri nani munyika ine rusununguko uye inofarikanya rugare.”
Kukwezva kwezvemari nderimwe ramapfundo akasimba zvikurusa ayo anokurudzira kutama. Mukukurukura chaunga cheItaly cherimwe taundi reEngland, munyori John Brown anoti mubhuku rake rinonzi The Un-melting Pot: “Nharidzano yavo huru nguva dzose yave iri yokuwana mari.” Iye anowedzera kuti vakaita ikoku kupfurikidza nokushanda “zvakaoma uye zvakanakisisa.” Apo mumwe anonzvera musiano mukuru pakati pemwero yemari inotambirwa yenyika dzakasiana, hakushamisi kuti vanhu vanotama. Ichitsinhira pavashandi veMexico vari muUnited States, National Geographic inozivisa kuti “awa yebasa nechokumaodzanyemba kwomuganhu we[U.S.] inounza chikamu chechishanu kusvikira kune chegumi chemari inotambirwa yainoraira muUnited States.”
Kukweva Kwemhuri Neshamwari
Chokwadika, vazhinji vanotama kuti vangova bedzi pedyosa nemhuri neshamwari avo vakavatangira kutama. VaJudha vazhinji veSoviet, somuenzaniso, vakatamira kuIsrael nemhaka yokuti vanonzwa vakakotsekana pakati pechiverengero chikuru chavaJudha. Vamwe vakanga vakatogadzirira kuzvipinza mungozi muWest Bank yakasakadzwa negakava yeIsrael.
Kurudziro inobva kushamwari nehama dzokunyama inopesvedzera vazhinji kutama. Australia yakarumbidzwa kuvatami vazhinji vanokarirwa. Zvino inodokusvika 22 muzana yechiverengero chayo chavagari vemo yakaberekwa nevokumwe.
Achingunori pashanyo achibva kuUnited States, mumwe mutami anobva Barbados akaudza shamwari yake, kuti: “Unofunga kuti [uri] kuita zvakaisvokwana kuno,” asi akazivisa kuti shamwari yake yakanga “ichipambadza . . . nguva” kuramba ari pachitsuwa. Makore mazhinji gare gare, shamwari yake inobvuma kuti aya mashoko akadyara mbeu yokusagutsikana, pakupedzisira kuchimuparira kutama.
Kazhinji kazhinji, nenzira inosuruvarisa, rutivi rune tariro bedzi rwechinoitika chacho runopiwa kumutami anokarirwa. Ron, murume muduku uyo akatamira kuCanada kuti anzvenge kusagadzikana kunowedzera muSouth Africa akati: “Shamwari nehama dzokunyama dzinokombamira kukuudza zvinhu zvikuru zvose . . . uye sezvinonzwisiswa vanorega zvinhu zvakaipa.”
Chipi nechipi chingava sundo yokutama, kazhinji kazhinji zvikuru, muenzi anotambura zvikuru. Sezvo revo yakazara yokutama ichinzwisiswa zvakazara navo, vamwe vanoshuva zvakasimba kudzokera kumusha. Naizvozvo, wokumwe anogona sei kuchinjira nenzira inobudirira kumhoteredzo yake itsva achingunogonana nokufunga kumusha, zvisungo zvemhuri zvakakuvadzwa, pfungwa yokuvhiringidzwa netsika, misiano yemitauro, uye uzhinji hwezvinetso zvakafanana?
[Mashoko okukwezva vaverengi ari papeji 6]
Kukwezva kwezvemari nderimwe ramapfundo akasimba zvikurusa mukutama
[Mashoko okukwezva vaverengi ari papeji 6]
“Ndinogutsikana. Mhuri yangu ineni uye tiri vapenyu uye tiri nani munyika ine rusununguko uye inofarikanya rugare.”—MuVietnam ari muJapan
[Mashoko okukwezva vaverengi ari papeji 7]
Apo mumwe anonzvera musiano mukuru pakati pemwero yemari inotambirwa yenyika dzakasiana, hakushamisi kuti vanhu vanotama
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 7]
Kumutami mutsva, chinhu chiri chose chinoratidzika kuva chechienzi uye chakaoma