Pokanidzano Pamusoro peKirechi
Inzvimbo inofadza. Makamuri okutambira akapendwa noruvara runofadza uye akashongedzerwa namapepa emifanikiso nemienzaniso yemifanikiso inotarwa navana. Midhori nezvinhu zvokutamba nazvo zvakarongwa nomutoo wakatsvinda pamasherufu. Uye nzvimboyo inonzwika ruzha rwavana.
“Tinotarisira vanenge vana 130,” anodaro Bernice Spence, mukadzi ari mai anotarisira iyi kirechi. Asika vana ava vanobva kupi? “Rutivi rukuru, ivo vana vavabereki vanoshanda vanogara pedyopo. Vashandi vedu? Chiverengero chakati kuti vadzidzisi vakadzidziswa.”
KIRESHI inosanotarisirwa ine vashandi vanotarisira navanokwanisa zvinosiya murangariro wakaisvonaka. Vabereki vanonzwa vakakotsekana apo vana vavo vanotarisirwa munzvimbo yakadaro. Hunyanguvezvo, kirechi inzvimbo dzepokanidzano dzinomuka. Chikonzero? Kutanga, nzvimbo dzine ruvara rwakanaka hadzisati dzichigarova mupimo. Dzimwe dzinochengetwa zvisina kutsarukana, dzinotarisirwa zvisina kutsarukana, dzina vashandi vasina kutsarukana, uye dzinotopinza vana semitwaro.
Kirechi inoripirwa mari nenzanga muGuta reNew York inowanzova yoruvara rwakanaka. Asi yakadyira guta madhora ane mamirioni 201 muna 1987—anopfuura $4 800 pamwana mumwe! Munyika dzakadai seSweden, uko hurumende dzakagovera kurongwa kwemari inoshandiswa yorupo yekirechi, ruvara rwakakwirira rwokutarisira nenzira imwe cheteyo runokurira. Asi munyika dzichiri kubudirira, uye kunyange munzanga dzeU.S., mari dzenzanga dzekirechi hadzina kuringanira. Muuyo wacho? Vana vanowana tarisiro yakaderera.
Kutarisira Vana Kunotengeswa
Ikoku kunoitikawo kunyange kukirechi dzemhindu. Sezvinobvumwa, zhinji dzakaisvonaka dziriko. Dzimwe nzvimbo, kunyange zvazvo zvakadaro, dzinoderedza mitengo kupfurikidza nokugovera vatarisiri vashomanene zvikuru kuvana vakawanda. Kana kuti idzo dzinochengetedza mari kupfurikidza nokupinza basa pamiripo iri pamusoro pemiripo iri pamusoro powakaderera—uyo unodzivisa vadzidzisi vakasanorovedzwa.
Chokwadi, vashandi vazhinji vapakirechi vanoshivirira muripo usino kutsarukana nemhaka bedzi yokuti vanoda vana. Asika chii chinogona kuitika apo kuzvipira kwakadaro kunoshaika? Samuel nomudzimai wake vakakuwana. Ivo pamwe chete vakatarisira kirechi muLagos, Nigeria—kutozosvikira vanzwa vachigombedzerwa kuipfiga. Samuel anoyeuka, kuti: “Pari pose apo mudzimai wangu aienda kundotenga kana kuti kuva asipo nokuda kwezvikonzero zvimwe, pakudzoka aizowana kuti vabetseri vave vasingatarisiri vana.”—Ona peji 6.
MuUnited States, nzvimbo dzokutarisira vana dzinoita mhindu dzinofanira kukurira kunzveresesa kwamasangano anopa marezinesi. Asika Newsweek: inoshuma kuti: “Zvinodikanwa zvizhinjisa zvokupa marezinesi zvinoregeredzwa, uye masangano enyika haana mari kana kuti vashandi vokutarisira basa rekirechi.”
Misha Yekirechi
Yakafanana nenzvimbo dzokutarisira vana ndiyo misha yekirechi, misha imene umo mapoka maduku avana anotarisirwa. Haina ndyiko huru kupfuura nzvimbo dzokutarisira vana, yakakurumbira zvikuru, inotarisira anenge mativi matatu amana avana veU.S. vanotarisirwa kunze kwomusha. Mai vekirechi vanowanzova mubereki ivo vamene.
Kumwana, musha wekirechi unogona kugovera mhoteredzo yakafanana neyapamusha, mukadzi anotarisira wokumutarisira, nokuva pamwe neboka duku ravana. Asika kazhinji kazhinji zvishomanene zvinoitwa kutarisira nzvimbo dzakadaro. Nokudaro Toronto Globe and Mail rinoshuma kuti ruvara rwemisha yekirechi muCanada runovambira pa“yakanakisisa kusvikira kune yakadereresa.” Gumi muzana remisha yakanga isina kukotsekana nokuda kwavana.
Kirechi—Inotapura Sei Vana?
Nemhaka yokuti kirechi inobatanidza nzvimbo yakakura yavana, vanzveri vakava nenguva yakaoma mukutema kuti kirechi inotapura zvomenemene sei vana. Chokwadi, vamwe varevereri vekirechi vanotaura nomutoo wokuva netariro. Anodaro Alison Clarke-Stewart mune rake bhuku rinonzi Daycare: “Mashoko akanaka anobva mune idzi fundo dzose—muCanada, England, Sweden, Czechoslovakia, United States—ndeokuti tarisiro munzvimbo yekirechi yakanaka haina tapuro dzinooneka dzinokuvadza pakukudziridzika kwoungwaru hwavana. Dzimwe fundo dzinotoratidzika kuti vana vanobva mumhuri dzine mari yakaderera vanobetserekana nekuchidziro noungwaru hwekirechi!
Zvisinei, vanzveri vanaBelsky naSteinberg vanopangira, kuti: “Kumwero unokatyamadza, kunzvera pamusoro pekirechi kwave kuchiitwa munzvimbo dzakavakirwa payunivhesiti kana kuti dzakabatana neyunivhesiti dzine ratio yavana vana vadzidzisi vakadzidziswa namapurogiramu akasarongedzerwa. . . . Asika, zhinjisa dzekirechi dzinowanikwa kuvabereki vorudzi zvamazvirokwazvo hadzizati dziri urwu rudzi uye hadzingave dzourwu ruvara.” Ko zvino, ko vana vari mugadziriro dzourwu rudzi dzekirechi vanoguma nei? Belsky naSteinberg vakagumisa, kuti: “Nomutoo unokatyamadza tinoziva zvishoma pamusoro petapuro yekirechi pamusoro pavana.”—Pepanhau rinonzi Child Development, Volume 49, mapeji 929-30.
Kunyange zvishoma zvinozivikanwa pamusoro petapuro yemisha yekirechi—iyo inoita zvakawanda zvokutarisira. Kunyange zvazvo zvakadaro, mai vekirechi vangaita zvishoma kukuchidzira kukura kwendangariro nokwomufungo; kuitira hanya kwavo kungava kushoma zvikuru pano kumudyisa uye kumuita kuti arege kushereketa kutozosvikira mai vadzoka. Vana vomumisha yekirechi neiyi nzira vanowanzowanwa vakazhambarara pamberi peTV.
Zvishoma zvinozivikanwawo pamusoro pokuti kirechi inotapura sei chisungo chorudo pakati pamai nomwana kana kuti kutambanukoi uko vana vanova vanonyanyobatana navatarisiri vavo. Zvisinei, kunzvera kunoratidzira kuti pavanopiwa chisarudzo pakati pamai nomushandi wapakirechi, vana vazhinjisa vachiri kusarudza mai.
Zvinetso Zvokuonana Nevezera Ravo
Imwe betsero yekirechi ndeyokuti vana vanodzidza kufambidzana zviri nani navezera ravo. Zvisinei, kune rumwe rutivi muna ikoku. Chirevo cheBhaibheri chinoti: “Songaniro dzakashata dzinoshatsa tsika dzinobetsera.” (1 VaKorinte 15:33) Kunzvera kwokuUnited States neEurope kunoratidzira kuti vana vapakirechi vanokombamira kukuva ‘vanodenha zvikuru, vanobatira pamwe zvishoma navakuru, vanozvivimba zvikuru, vasingateereri, navasingaororwi zvikuru nechirango kupfuura vana vanorererwa pamusha.’
Alison Clarke-Stewart anotaura kuti muitiro wakadaro zvamazvirokwazvo “unoratidza ukuru hukuru zvikuru nomuuyo wefambidzano panzvimbo pokuva chimwe chinhu chokuzvinetsa pamusoro pacho.” Asika ikoku kungava kusinganyaradzi vabereki vanoona mwana aichimbova munyoro achiburitsa mashoko okutuka, zvikurukuru kana vabereki ivavo vari kutamburira kuroverera nheyo dzeBhaibheri mumwana wavo.—VaEfeso 4:29.
Ngozi Dzoutano
Kirechi inobatanidza ngozi dzoutano. CDC (U.S. Centers for Disease Control) inoreva nezvokudikanwa kwo“kukura kwokudzora hosha dzinopomeranwa dzinowanzotapura vana mukirechi.” Zvinoidzwa kunzi zvirwere zvekirechi zvinobatanidza chirwere chinonzi A, shigellosis (kupanza kwakakomba), neHemophilus influenzae rudzi rweB (chirwere chinoparirwa namabacteria). Manyoka efivhiri zviratidzo zvinozivikanwa. Hosha inowanzova muuyo wokuunganidza pamwe chete vana vaduku vanokombamira kudya chinhu chiri chose avo vasina kurovedzwa mumiitiro yakakodzera youtsanana.
Kunyange zvazvo zvakadaro, nzvimbo yokutarisira vana, inoshandisa ngwariro dzoutano nomutoo wakakomba. “Isu tinodzidzisa vana kushamba maoko avo pashure pokuenda kuchimbudzi,” akatsanangura kudaro mupi zano wekirechi Delores Alexander. “Uye isu hatigamuchiri vana vatinoziva kuti vanorwara.” Bernice Spence mutarisiri weWilloughby House anowedzera, kuti: “Kana mwana akava anorwara mukati mezuva, tinowanzodana mubereki ndokumuudza kumuendesa kumba.” Kunzverwa kwenguva dzose kwezvokurapa kwavashandi navana inhanho dzinokoshawo dzengwariro inoitwa pachine nguva mberi.
Hunyanguvezvo, munzveri Clarke-Stewart anobvuma, kuti: “Vana vari mukirechi vanobatwa nefuruwenza yakawanda, tumezi, dzihwa, nokukosora kupinda vana vanorererwa pamusha . . . Kuva nedzihwa rinoyerera kwomwana kungava mubairo uyo vanamai vanodisisa kunangana nawo pakuita kuti vana vavo vave mukirechi pavanenge vachishanda.” Asika mukurangarirwa kwezviri pamusoro apa kunoratidzika kuti kirechi ingabatanidza ngozi dzomuuyo mukuru zvikuru dzinopfuura kuva nedzihwa. Ko ikoku kwose kunorevei, ipapoka, kuna vanamai vanonzwa kuti ivo vanotofanira kushanda?
[Bhokisi riri papeji 6]
Kirechi Nokubatwa Zvisina Kufanira Muvatano
Kuparadzira kuzhinji pamisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi kwakapiwa kumhaka dzokubatwa zvisina kufanira kwavana dzinobatanidza vashandi vapakirechi. Ko nzvimbo dzekirechi dzakava nzvimbo dzavanhu vanoda kuvatana navana navanhu vanotambisa midhori yakashata yavana here?
Mubvunzo wakadaro unomutsa mifungo yakasimba inobva muvashandi vakati kuti vapakirechi. Bernice Spence, mutarisiri wenzvimbo yekirechi, akati: “Ini ndinoshatirirwa chaizvoizvo izvozvo.” “Ndinovenga chaizvoizvo kuona kirechi ichiva nezita rakashata. Vanhu vazhinjisa vandinoziva mukirechi vanhu vakazvipira—vanoitira hanya vana.”
Zvisinei, vatarisiri vane mutoro vakashandisa nhanho dzakasimba. Mukai! akataura kuna Doby Flowers, mutarisiri anotevedzera weAgency for Child Development muGuta reNew York. Vana vanopfuura 40 000 vanonyorwa mumapurogiramu ekirechi mukutarisira kwake. Muzvare Flowers akati: “Ndinonzveresesa vashandi vapakirechi. Ndinonzvera kuona kana ivo vane zvinyorwa zvemhaka kana kuti kubatwa zvisina kufanira kwavana. Uye chifo cha 1984, vashandi vose vapakirechi vanofanira kudhindisa minwe.”
Ko vabati zvisinokufanira vavana vanoyevedzwa nebasa rekirechi here? Anopindura kudaro Muzvare Flowers: “Muna vanhu vanovatana navana mugadziriro dzorudzidziso, gadziriro yapamutemo, mudzidzo. Chiverengero chavanhu vanovatana navana chinobva munzvimbo dzose dzezvemari, dzebasa, tsika, ndudzi norudzi.” Hunyanguvezvo, sezvo Dr. Roland Summit, wezvechirwere chendangariro anoshanda mukurapwa kwavana vanobatwa zvisina kufanira muvatano, achitaura: “Ngozi yokushatswa kwomwana inowedzera nomutoo wakananga apo mwana anoiswa kure zvikuru nokutarisira kwamai chaivoivo.”
Ko zvino, vabereki vanofanira kuitei navana vari kukirechi? Teerera mwana wako!” anodaro Doby Flowers. “Gara pasi ndokutaura nomwana wako. Ona chinjo mumufambiro kana kuti zviratidzo zvokunetseka, zvakadai sokuita weti arere kana kuti kuramba kwakamwe kamwe kuenda kukirechi.” Kusvinurira kwavabereki nedzidzo yomwana ndizvo zvombo zvakaisvonakisisa mukurwisa kubatwa zvisinokufanira kwavana.—Ona Mukai! yechiNgezi yaJanuary 22, 1985, “Child Molesting—You Can Protect Your Child.”
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 5]
Ko kirechi inotapura sei chisungo pakati pamai nomwana?