Inkara ziryoshe cane
Umugwi w’abagwizatunga bashonje cane wicaye muri resitora imwe mu gisagara ca New York. Bakoresheje utwuma twabigenewe, barakata babigiranye ubuhanga ubwoko bumwe bw’inkara bariko barafungura. Abo bantu bafise akayabagu kenshi barirengagiza amaso yazo umenga aguma abaraba, bakisenena inyama zazo zoroshe kandi ziryoshe.
MU MYAKA ya 1700, inkara zarakubise ziruzura ku nkengera y’ibahari mu buraruko bwa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Izo nkara abantu barazifashe baca bazishira mu mirima nk’intabire. Abarovyi barazikoresheje nk’ivyambo. Zarakoreshejwe no mu kugaburira abanyororo. Muri ico gihe zari nyinshi cane ku buryo umugwi umwe w’abasuku bari bibabariye, batsinze urubanza bashingishije basaba ko batozigaburirwa incuro zirenga zitatu ku ndwi!
Ariko rero ku bantu baba kure y’ibahari, ivyo bifungurwa vyari imbonekarimwe. Uti kubera iki? Kubera ko izo nkara zidateba kwononekara zimaze gupfa, zikaba kandi zidashobora kubikwa hakoreshejwe umunyu canke mu kuzumisha. Yamara mu myaka 1850, abahinguzi baratanguye kuza barazibika mu magopo, gutyo abantu benshi baca barashobora kwihereza inyama zazo ziryoshe. Vyongeye, amabarabara y’indarayi amaze kuboneka, vyaciye bishoboka ko izo nkara zishikanwa hirya no hino muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Ivyo vyatumye abarondera kuzigura biyongera cane. Ariko rero, kuzitwara zikiva mu mazi vyari bizimvye cane, bikaba vyatuma abatunzi gusa ari bo bazironka.
Muri iki gihe, abarovyi barafata ubwoko butandukanye bw’inkara ku nkengera zo hirya no hino kw’isi. Muri Amerika, izo nkara ziraboneka mw’Ibahari Atlantike, kuva ahitwa Terre-Neuve gushika muri Caroline ya Ruguru. Nyinshi muri zo ziva ahitwa Maine, mu buraruko bushira ubuseruko bwa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Zica zishorwa hirya no hino kw’isi zitetse canke zikiri nzima. Abazishora barashobora gutwara ibilo bishika 36.287 bafashe indege rimwe gusa.
Akenshi usanga amahinguriro ahingura ku bwinshi ibifungurwa bisohoka cane biyaronsa inyungu. Ariko si ko biri kuri izo nkara. Muri rusangi abarovyi bazo usanga ari abantu baba muri ako karere bikorera utwabo. Ntibazorora, ahubwo baja kuziroba aho zisanzwe ziba, ni ukuvuga mw’Ibahari Atlantike.
Ukuntu baziroba
Abarovyi b’inkara baziroba gute? Kugira ikinyamakuru Be maso! kironke inyishu y’ico kibazo, carabajije uwitwa Jack aba ahitwa Bar Harbor i Maine, akaba yakuriye mu muryango warovye inkara kuva kuri ba sekuruza. Jack yatanguye kuroba afise imyaka 17, akaba akorera ku kivuko sekuruza yakoreyeko. Umukenyezi wa Jack ari we Annette, na we nyene ni umurovyi. Avuga ati: “Nubakanye n’umurovyi nca mba umurovyi. Namaze imyaka ibiri ndavyiga njana na Jack mu bwato bwiwe, mu nyuma nca ndagura rwanje.”
None Jack na Annette baroba gute izo nkara? Annette asigura ati: “Turafata umutego umeze nk’isandugu y’utuyungiro tw’icuma ufise umunwa mutoyi, tugashiramwo urusenga rwuzuye ivyambo, kenshi akaba ari ifi bita hareng.” Abarovyi baca babohera umutego umwumwe wose ku kintu kireremba ku mazi. Annette avuga ati: “Umurovyi wese ico kintu aca agisiga irangi ryisa kugira mu nyuma biborohere kubitandukanya.”
Bamaze guterera umutego mu mazi, uca wibira i bwina mw’ibahari, ca kintu gisize ibara na co kigaca kireremba ku mazi ku buryo abarovyi bashobora kubona bitagoranye aho imitego yabo iri. Annette avuga ati: “Turareka iyo mitego ikamara imisi mikeya mu mazi, tugaca dusubirayo tukayikurayo. Dusanze inkara zafashwe, duca tuzikuramwo tukazipima.” Abarovyi bitwararika ibintu nka Jack na Annette baca basubiza mw’ibahari izikiri nto, n’izivyara zimwezimwe bakazireka kugira zirondoke.
Mu nyuma, abarovyi baca baja ku bivuko vya hafi kugira badandaze izo baba bafashe zikiri nzima. Uretse imigwi imwimwe y’abakorera hamwe, nta masezerano yanditse ahaba: abarovyi bo ng’aho usanga bazigurisha gusa ku badandaza bo ng’aho nyene. Nk’uko vyavuzwe mu ntango, kworora izo nkara ni ikintu gisa n’icananiranye. Jack avuga ati: “Aborozi bamwebamwe barahawe uruhusha rwo gutwara izita amagi. Iyo amagi amaze kuvamwo utwana, baradutunga igihe gito mu nyuma bakaturekurira mu mazi. Ivyo bituma izo nkara zidahona.”
Igikorwa co kuroba izo nkara si uburyo bworoshe bwo kwibeshaho canke butuma umuntu aba umutunzi. Ariko ubajije abo barovyi, barakubwira ibindi vyiza bironkera, nko gushobora kwikorera urudandaza rubayabaye canke kubandanya umugenzo wo mu karere iwabo no mu muryango wabo, kibure kugira umunezero wo kuba ku nkengera y’ibahari no kuhakorera. Ikiruta vyose, abo barovyi barahimbarwa no kumenya ko abantu bo hirya no hino kw’isi baryoherwa no kwihereza izo nkara baroba.
[Uruzitiro/Ifoto ku rup. 12]
INGERAMIZI ZIJANYE N’UBUROVYI BW’INKARA
Umwuga wo kuroba inkara womengo nta ngeramizi urimwo. Ariko si ko biri. Nk’akarorero, Urwego rwo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika rujejwe gukinga ingeramizi (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) ruvuga ko “kuva mu 1993 gushika mu 1997, abarovyi b’i Maine bahasize ubuzima bari ku kazi babaye 14 ku 100.000 babifitiye uruhusha, ico gitigiri kikaba kiruta incuro 2 n’igice ic’abakozi bahasize ubuzima mu mahinguriro yose yo mu gihugu (ni ukuvuga abakozi 4,8 ku 100.000).”
Nk’uko urwo rwego rubivuga, mw’itohoza ryagizwe n’abajejwe gucungera inkengera z’ibiyaga muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, basanze “abarovyi b’inkara akenshi imigozi y’imitego ibizingirako bari ku bwato igaca ibata mw’ibahari, maze bagasoma nturi kubera bibananiye kwibohora canke gusubira mu bwato.” Mw’itohoza ryagizwe ku barovyi 103 kuva mu 1999 gushika mu 2000, hafi abarovyi 3 kuri 4 bavuze ko vyigeze gushika imigozi ikabizingirako, naho itabataye mu mazi bose. Abarovyi barasabwe gufata ingingo zo kwikingira nko kwitwaza ibikoresho vyo gukata iyo migozi igihe ibizingiriyeko canke mu kwirinda ko ibizingirako.
[Amafoto ku rup. 10, 11]
1. Jack ariko arakwega umutego
2. Annette na Jack bariko barakura mu mutego inkara bazicishije mu munwa mutoyi
3. Inkara imwimwe yose barayipima