Zabanje gutangwa ku munwa, zihava zicika ibisomwa vyeranda Abakirisu bo mu ntango be n’inyandiko

AMAYARUKA atagira uko angana y’abemera yarakoresheje umwanya munini cane mu gusoma, mu kwiga be no mu gusuzuma bimwebimwe mu vyandikano bimenyerewe cane kuruta ibindi vyose vyanditswe, bino bikaba ari Ivyanditswe vy’ikigiriki, ibikunze kwitwa Isezerano rishasha. Ivyo vyandikano hamwe n’ibindi vyanditswe vyo muri Bibiliya vyaragize ikintu kinini bikoze kuri iyi si yacu, birereka abantu uko bakwiye kwigenza mu vy’inyifato runtu be n’ukuntu bomenya ikibereye n’ikitabereye, vyongera birafasha abandika ibitabu mu kubaha ivyiyumviro bibafasha no mu vy’utugenegene. Ikiruta vyose, vyarafashije abantu amamiliyoni, kumbure na wewe urimwo, kuronka ubumenyi butagira amakosa bwerekeye Imana na Yezu.​—Yohani 17:3.

Injili, cokimwe n’ibindi bitabu vyo mu Vyanditswe vy’ikigiriki, ntivyaciye vyandikwa buno nyene inyuma y’urupfu rwa Yezu. Matayo biboneka ko yanditse Injili yiwe haciye nk’imyaka 7 canke 8 Yezu apfuye, Yohani na we yandika iyiwe haciye nk’imyaka 65. None bashoboye gute gushira mu nyandiko amajambo be n’ibikorwa vya Yezu ata makosa na makeyi agiyemwo? Mu vy’ukuri, impwemu nyeranda y’Imana yaragize uruhara ruhambaye mu kubayobora. (Yohani 14:16, 26) Ariko none, inyigisho za Yezu zashikirijwe ata makosa, zahavuye ziba gute mu bigize Ivyanditswe Vyeranda?

Boba “batari bazi gusoma no kwandika”?

Mu kinjana giheze, hari abantu bamwebamwe bavuga yuko abigishwa ba Yezu bo mu ntango bishoboka ko batanditse inyigisho za Yezu be n’ivyo yakoze ariko ko babihanahana ku munwa. Nk’akarorero, incabwenge imwe ivuga iti: “Haraciye ikiringo c’imyaka mirongo kuva Yezu aranguye ubusuku bwiwe ku mugaragaro gushika abanditsi b’Injili banditse amajambo yavuze. Muri ico kiringo, ibintu vyari bizwi ku bijanye na Yezu vyaza birahererekanwa ku munwa.” Abashakashatsi bamwebamwe mbere bemeza yuko abigishwa ba Yezu bo mu ntango “batari bazi gusoma no kwandika.”a Vyongeye, bavuga yuko mu kiringo inkuru zivuga ivy’ubusuku bwa Yezu zamaze zihanahanwa ku munwa, zagiye zirakuzwa, zikaza zirahuzwa n’igihe canke zikongerwamwo ibindi bintu. Bavuga yuko ivyo vyatumye haboneka inkuru itari iy’ukuri ku bijanye n’ivyo bintu vyabaye.

Ikindi ciyumviro gishigikirwa n’incabwenge zimwezimwe ni ic’uko abigishwa somambike ba Yezu b’Abayuda bishoboka ko bakurikiza uburyo bwo kwigisha bwakoreshwa n’Abarabi, buno bukaba bwari bujanye no gusubiramwo incuro n’izindi ivyo wafashe ku mutwe, ubwo buryo bukaba bwarafasha mu guhanahana amakuru ku munwa ata makosa. Abigishwa boba bariheka gusa ku majambo ahanahanwa ku munwa? Canke inyandiko yoba yaragize uruhara mu kuzigama amakuru y’ubusuku Yezu yaranguye? Naho tutovyemeza ijana kw’ijana, birashoboka ko inyandiko yagize mwene urwo ruhara.

Inyandiko yarakoreshwa mu buzima bwa misi yose

Mu kinjana ca mbere, abantu bo mu mice yose bari bazi gusoma no kwandika. Kuri ivyo, uwitwa Alan Millard, uno akaba ari umwigisha w’igiheburayo be n’indimi za kera z’Abasemite, yavuze ati: “Kwandika mu kigiriki, mu giharameya be no mu giheburayo vyari bizwi hose kandi n’abantu bo mu nzego nka zose zo mu kibano bari babizi.” Yongerako ati: “Ukwo ni ko ibintu vyari vyifashe igihe Yezu yarangura igikorwa ciwe.”

Ku bijanye n’ivyo abantu bemeza yuko ngo ibisomwa vy’Injili “vyandikiwe mu kibano c’abantu batazi na gato gusoma no kwandika,” Umwigisha Millard yandika ati: “Ivyo bisa n’ibidashoboka, [kubera yuko] ahantu nka bose abantu bobaye bazi kwandika . . . Ku bw’ivyo, hama hariho abantu bashobora kuba barandika ibintu bumvise, kwaba ari ukugira ngo bo ubwabo bavyikoreshereze canke kugira ngo bashikirize abandi amakuru.”

Biboneka yuko ivyandikano vyo ku bisate bishororongejeko ishashara vyakunda kuboneka kandi bikaba vyarandikwako amakuru. Akarorero k’ivyo tugasanga mu kigabane ca mbere c’Injili ya Luka. Zekariya, uwari amaze igihe gito atavuga, baramubajije izina yashaka kwita umwana wiwe. Umurongo wa 63 ugira uti: “Asaba [kumbure akoresheje ibimenyetso] igisate hanyuma yandika ngo: ‘Yohani ni ryo zina ryiwe.’” Inyizamvugo za Bibiliya zisigura yuko iryo jambo “igisate” rishobora kuba ryarerekeza ku kabaho ko kwandikako bishoboka ko kaba gashororongejeko ishashara. Umwe mu bari ngaho ashobora kuba yari afise mwene ako kabaho, ako Zekariya yaciye yandikako.

Hari akandi karorero kerekana yuko utubaho two kwandikako be n’ikoreshwa ryatwo biboneka ko vyari bimenyerewe ico gihe. Mu gitabu c’Ibikorwa, tuhasoma yuko Petero yariko aganira n’isinzi ryari mu rusengero abahimiriza ati: “Nimwigaye . . . ibicumuro vyanyu bihanagurwe.” (Ibikorwa 3:11, 19) Imvugo ngo “bihanagurwe” ivuye mu rivuga ry’ikigiriki risobanura ngo “gufuta.” Inyizamvugo imwe (The New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology) isigura iti: “Iciyumviro giserurwa n’iryo rivuga ryakoreshejwe ngaha canke kumbure n’ahandi, birashoboka cane ko ari ico gufuta ibiri ku gisate co kwandikako gishororongejeko ishashara kugira ngo gisubire gukoreshwa.”

Inkuru ziganwa mu Njili zirerekana kandi yuko abayoboke ba Yezu be n’abamwumviriza barimwo abantu bashobora kuba barakoresha inyandiko mu mirimo yabo ya misi yose. Harimwo nk’akarorero abatozakori Matayo na Zakayo (Matayo 9:9; Luka 19:2); umukuru w’isinagogi (Mariko 5:22); intwazangabo (Matayo 8:5); Yohana, umugore w’umukuru yari ajejwe ivyo kwa Herode Antipa (Luka 8:3); hamwe n’abanditsi, Abafarizayo, Abasadukayo be n’abari mu bagize Inama Nkuru. (Matayo 21:23, 45; 22:23; 26:59) Nta gukeka yuko benshi mu ntumwa za Yezu be n’abigishwa biwe, nimba atari bose, bari bazi kwandika.

Bari abatohoji, abigisha be n’abanditsi

Kugira ngo abigishwa ba Yezu babe abigisha bakirisu, ntibari bakeneye gusa kumenya ivyo Yezu yakoze be n’ivyo yavuze, ariko kandi bari bakeneye gutahura ukuntu Itegeko be n’ubuhanuzi vyo mu Vyanditswe vy’igiheburayo vyerekeza kuri Kristu. (Ibikorwa 18:5) Birashimishije kubona Luka yaranditse ibijanye n’ikoraniro rimwe Yezu yagiranye na bamwebamwe mu bigishwa biwe inyuma gatoyi y’aho azukiye. Yezu yagize iki? Bibiliya itubwira iti: “Ahera kuri Musa no ku Bahanuzi bose abasobanurira ibintu bijanye na we ubwiwe mu Vyanditswe vyose.” Inyuma y’ivyo gatoyi, Yezu yabwiye abigishwa biwe ati: “‘Aya ni yo majambo yanje nababwiye nkiri kumwe namwe, yuko ibintu vyose vyanditswe mw’itegeko rya Musa no mu Bahanuzi no mu Mazaburi ku binyerekeye bitegerezwa kuranguka.’ Maze yugurura imizirikanyi yabo bimwe bishitse kugira ngo bategere insobanuro y’Ivyanditswe.” (Luka 24:27, 44, 45) Mu nyuma, abo bigishwa ‘baributse’ ugutahura Yezu yari yabahaye.​—Yohani 12:16.

Izo nkuru zerekana yuko intumwa be n’abigishwa bategerezwa kuba baragira ubushakashatsi bakongera bakiga Ivyanditswe babigiranye umwete mwinshi kugira ngo bashobore gutahura neza insobanuro y’ivyo babonye be n’ivyo bumvise ku bijanye n’Umukama wabo Yezu Kristu. (Luka 1:1-4; Ibikorwa 17:11) Kuri ivyo, uwitwa Harry Y. Gamble, uno akaba ari umwigisha w’ivyigwa bijanye n’ivy’Imana kuri kaminuza yo muri Virginie, yandika ati: “Nta mazinda yuko kuva mu ntango hariho abakirisu, kumbure imigwi yabo, bafashe umwanya ukwiye wo kwiga bavyitondeye Ivyanditswe vy’igiheburayo be no kubisobanura, bakabikuramwo ibimenyamenya vyanditswe vyerekana ishingiro ry’ivyo abakirisu bemera bakongera bagatuma ivyo bisomwa bishobora gukoreshwa mu gikorwa co kwamamaza abo bakirisu barangura.”

Ivyo bintu vyose vyerekana yuko abigishwa ba Yezu bo mu ntango, aho kwiheka gusa ku makuru yahanahanwa ku munwa bitunira cane ku kwiga, ku gusoma be no ku kwandika. Bari abatohoji, abigisha be n’abanditsi. Ikiruta vyose, bari abantu bakomeye mu vy’impwemu biheka ku mpwemu nyeranda kugira ngo ibayobore. Yezu yarabakuye amazinda yuko “impwemu y’ukuri” ‘yobibukije ibintu vyose yababwiye.’ (Yohani 14:17, 26) Impwemu nyeranda y’Imana, yarabafashije kwibuka be no kwandika ivyo Yezu yakoze be n’ivyo yavuze, eka mbere n’amajambo maremare yasubiyemwo, nka ya Nsiguro yo ku Musozi. (Matayo, ikigabane ca 5-7) Impwemu kandi yarayoboye abanditsi b’Injili mu kwandika ukuntu Yezu yiyumva mu bihe bimwebimwe be n’ivyo yavuze mw’isengesho.​—Matayo 4:2; 9:36; Yohani 17:1-26.

Rero, naho abanditsi b’Injili ata woharira ko bakoresheje ivy’uguhanahana amakuru ku munwa no mu nyandiko, ibintu banditse vyava kw’isôko ryo kwizigirwa riruta kure n’iyo ayo yandi kandi riri hejuru kuyasumba, ari ryo Yehova Imana we ubwiwe. Ku bw’ivyo, turashobora kwizigira tugaherezako yuko “Icanditswe cose cahumetswe n’Imana” be n’uko gishobora kutwigisha be no kutuyobora mu gukora ibiyihimbara.​—2 Timoteyo 3:16.

[Akajambo k’epfo]

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Abayoboke ba Yezu barimwo abantu bashobora kuba barakoresha inyandiko mu mirimo yabo ya misi yose

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Impwemu nyeranda y’Imana yarafashije abigishwa ba Yezu bo mu ntango kwibuka be no kwandika ivyo yakoze be n’ivyo yavuze

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Intumwa zoba zitari zizi gusoma no kwandika?

Aho abatware be n’abagabo b’inararibonye b’i Yeruzalemu “baboneye ukutarya umunwa kwa Petero na Yohani, bagatahura yuko ari abantu batize kandi basanzwe, baratanga[ye].” (Ibikorwa 4:13) Intumwa zoba vy’ukuri zitari zizi gusoma no kwandika, canke zitize? Ku bijanye n’ivyo bintu abantu bivugisha, igitabu kimwe (The New Interpreter’s Bible) kivuga giti: “Izo mvugo ntizikwiye gufatwa nk’uko nyene ziri nk’aho umenga Petero [na Yohani] ntibaciye ku ntebe y’ishure, bakaba batari bazi gusoma no kwandika. Zerekana gusa itandukaniro rinini ryo mu kibano ryari hagati y’abo bantu babacira urubanza be n’izo ntumwa.”

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“[Yasavye] igisate hanyuma yandika ngo: ‘Yohani ni ryo zina ryiwe’”

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Igisate gishororongejeko ishashara be n’ibikoresho vyo kwandika vyo mu kinjana ca mbere canke ica kabiri G.C.

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© British Museum/Art Resource, NY