Inyanduruko y’ivyo kwinubana
IVYO kwinubana bishobora guterwa n’ibintu vyinshi. Ariko rero, bibiri bimaze gusuzumwa neza ni (1) icipfuzo co kurondera uwo begekako ikosa (2) be n’inzika zatewe n’akarenganyo kagiye karaba muri kahise.
Nk’uko twabibonye mu kiganiro giheze, igihe hateye ivyago, abantu bararondera uwo bavyegekako. Igihe abantu bakomakomeye badahengeshanya kwagiriza umugwi w’abantu b’inkehwa, abantu baravyemera bagaca batangura kuwinuba. Reka dufate akarorero gasanzwe kazwi. Mu gihe ivy’ubutunzi vyifashe nabi mu bihugu vya Buraya n’ivyo muri Amerika yo mu Buraruko, kenshi abakozi b’inyambukira ni bo bagirizwa ko batera ubushomeri, naho usanga kenshi bikorera ubuzi abantu benshi b’imvukira zaho banka gukora.
Ariko, ukwinubana kwose si ngombwa ngo kube gutewe no kurondera uwegekwako ikosa. Kurashobora no kuba gushingiye kuri kahise. Raporo yataziriwe ngo UNESCO irwanya amacakubiri (mu congereza) igira iti: “Ntikwoba ari ukurenza urugero tuvuze yuko kwa kudandaza abantu bakagirwa abaja ari kwo kwabaye ishingiro ry’ivyiyumviro vy’amacakubiri agirirwa abirabure be n’ivyo gukengera imico kama yabo”. Ico gihe, abadandaza abo baja bagerageza gusigura urwo rudandaza rw’ibiremwa-bantu rugayitse mu kuvuga yuko Abanyafirika ari abantu bo hasi. Ukwo kubinuba ata ho gushingiye, ukwahavuye gutandukira abandi bantu bo mu bukoroni, kuracariho.
Kw’isi yose, ibintu nk’ivyo vyabaye biranga agahahazo n’akarenganyo bituma abantu babandanya kwinubana. Muri Irilande, urwanko ruri hagati y’abagatolika n’abaporotisanti rwatanguye mu kinjana ca 16 igihe abategetsi bo mu Bwongereza bahama abagatolika, bakanabomora. Amabi yakozwe n’abiyita abakirisu muri za ntambara zaba hagati y’abagatolika n’abisilamu, aracavyura urwanko rukaze mu bisilamu bo mu bihugu vyo mu Buseruko bwo Hagati. Imishamirano iba hagati y’Abaserebe n’Abakorowate mu bihugu vyo mu karere ka Balkans yunyuwe n’iyicwa ry’abanyagihugu ryabaye mu ntambara ya kabiri y’isi yose. Nk’uko utwo turorero tuvyerekana, urwanko rwabaye muri kahise hagati y’imigwi ibiri rurashobora gukomeza ukwinubana.
Ingene ukutamenya gutsimbatazwa
Umwana aciga gutambuka ntashobora kubika mu mutima iciyumviro co kwinuba abandi. Abashakashatsi bavuga yuko ahubwo kenshi umwana ashima gukina n’uwundi mwana badasangiye ibara ry’urukoba. Ariko rero, ashobora gushikana imyaka 10 canke 11 atacerekwa abo badasangiye ubwoko, ibara ry’urukoba canke idini. Mu myaka yiwe yo gukura, aguma aronka ivyiyumviro vyinshi bishobora kumugumamwo mu buzima bwiwe bwose.
None ivyo vyiyumviro avyiga gute? Umwana arabifata mu mutwe igihe hari abagize inyifato mbi, haba mu mvugo canke mu ngiro, agahera ku bavyeyi maze ku bagenzi canke ku bigisha biwe. Mu nyuma, ababanyi, ibinyamakuru, iradiyo canke televiziyo birashobora kubandanya kumwosha. Naho ashobora kuba azi bike ku vyerekeye abantu bo mu migwi yanka canke mbere ata na kimwe azi kuri bo, ashika mu bigero amaze kwishiramwo ko ari abantu bo hasi be n’uko atawobizigira. Ashobora mbere no kubanka.
Kubera yuko abantu barushiriza kuza baragira ingendo no kuza barahanahana ibidandazwa, imigenderanire hagati y’abantu bo mu mico kama itandukanye be n’amoko atandukanye yarongerekanye mu bihugu vyinshi. Naho ari ukwo, umuntu yatsimbataje mu buryo bukomeye ivyo kwinuba abandi kenshi yumira ku vyiyumviro yishizemwo. Ashobora gushimika ku vyo gufatira ikivunga abantu ibihumbi n’ibihumbi canke mbere amamiliyoni, yemeza ko bose hari ingeso kanaka bahurijeko. Ikintu cose kibi kibaye, naho coba gikozwe n’umuntu umwe wo muri uwo mugwi, aca agifatirako kugira ngo yerekane ko ukubinuba kwiwe gufise ishingiro. Ku rundi ruhande, hakozwe ikintu ciza, kenshi aracirengagiza ngo ni agaciyemwo.
Kuvyikuramwo
Naho ku bwa ngingo abantu benshi biyamiriza ivyo kwinubana, ni bake bikura mu vyara vy’iyo ngeso. Kukaba nkako, abantu benshi ingeso yo kwinubana yashinze imizi muri bo, usanga bemeza ko batayifise. Abandi na bo bavuga ko ata co bitwaye canecane igihe abantu bafise ako gatima ko kwinubana bakigumizamwo. Yamara rero, ivyo kwinubana hari ico bitwaye kubera yuko bibabaza abantu kandi bikabateramwo amacakubiri. Iyo ubujuju buvyaye ukwinubana, ukwinubana na kwo gukunda guca kuvyara urwanko. Umwanditsi umwe yitwa Charles Caleb Colton (yavutse kumbure mu 1780 apfa mu 1832), yavuze ati: “Twanka abantu bamwebamwe kubera ko tutabazi; kandi ntituzobamenya kubera yuko tubanka”. Ariko rero, nimba umuntu ashobora kwiga kwinuba abandi, arashobora no kwiga kuvyikuramwo? Uti gute?
[Uruzitiro ku rup. 23]
Idini ryoba riremesha ukutinuba abandi canke riremesha kubinuba?
Mu gitabu ciwe (The Nature of Prejudice), uwitwa Gordon W. Allport avuga yuko “muri rusangi, abanyamadini basa n’uko binubana kuruta abatagira idini”. Ivyo ntibitangaje, kubera yuko akenshi idini yabaye yo nkwezi y’ivyo kwinubana aho kuba umuti wavyo. Nk’akarorero, abakuru b’amadini baramaze ibinjana n’ibindi bahimiriza abantu kwanka Abayahudi. Nk’uko igitabu kimwe (A History of Christianity) kibivuga, igihe kimwe Hitler yavuze ati: “Ku bijanye n’Abayahudi, jewe nta kindi ndiko ndakora atari ukubandanya ya ngendo Ekeleziya gatolika imaze imyaka 1.500 yarafashe”.
Mu gihe ca ya mabi yakorerwa mu bihugu vyo mu karere ka Balkans, inyigisho aborotodogisi be n’abagatolika bigisha bisa n’uko zananiwe gutuma abantu batinuba ababanyi babo bidasangiye idini canke ngo zitume babubaha.
Muri ubwo buryo nyene, mu Rwanda abanyamadini baranigaguye abo basangiye idini. Ikinyamakuru kimwe (National Catholic Reporter) cavuze yuko intambara yahabaye ryari “ihonyabwoko nyaryo kandi ridaseswa, aho bibabaje kubona mbere n’abagatolika bararigizemwo uruhara”.
Ekeleziya gatolika ubwayo yariyemereye ko muri kahise yigeze kutubahiriza ivyiyumviro vy’abandi. Mu mwaka wa 2000, mu gihe c’imisa yitabwe n’isinzi ry’abantu yabereye i Roma, Papa Yohani Paulo wa kabiri yarasavye ikigongwe ku “makosa yakozwe muri kahise”. Muri ivyo birori, haravuzwe mu buryo butomoye ibijanye no “kutubahiriza abo bidasangiye idini, haravugwa n’akarenganyo kakorewe Abayahudi, abagore, abantu b’imvukira, inyambukira, abakene be n’inda zitaravuka”.
[Ifoto ku rup. 22]
Hejuru: Ikambi y’impunzi yo muri Bosiniya-Herezegovine, ku wa 20 Gitugutu 1995
Impunzi zibiri z’Abaserebe bo muri Bosiniya barindiriye ko intambara y’abanyagihugu irangira
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Photo by Scott Peterson/Liaison
[Ifoto ku rup. 23]
Yarigishijwe kwanka abandi
Umwana arashobora gufata mu mutwe inyifato mbi abona ku bavyeyi biwe, kuri televiziyo canke ahandi