Abamaya baronka umwidegemvyo nyakuri

ABO BANTU bitwa Abamaya barazwi kubera ibintu bashitseko muri kahise. Uko umwaka utashe, ingenzi ibihumbi n’ibihumbi zirafata ingendo zija mu gace k’isi kinjira mw’ibihari kitwa Yucatán ko muri Megizike kugira ngo zihimbarwe n’ukwihweza amapiramide yaho ateye igomwe, nk’ayari ahitwa i Chichén Itzá be n’i Cobá. Abamaya ntibari bazwi gusa kubera ubuhinga bari bafise mu vy’ukwubaka, ariko kandi bari bazwi kubera ibintu bashitseko mu bijanye n’inyandiko, ibiharuro be n’ubuhinga bwerekeye ibisyo vyo mu kirere. Barateje imbere uburyo buhanitse bwo gukoresha inyandiko y’utumenyetso n’udushushanyo, baratanguza ivyo gukoresha igiharuro ubusa, be n’ugukoresha ikirangamisi kigizwe n’umwaka umara imisi 365 catunganijwe nk’ikirangamisi c’umwaka umara imisi 366.

Ariko rero mu bijanye n’idini, hariho itandukaniro rinini cane. Abamaya bari abantu basenga ibimana vyinshi; mu vyo basenga hakaba harimwo imana y’izuba, iy’ukwezi, iy’imvura be n’iy’ibigori. Abaherezi babo bari abantu baragurisha inyenyeri cane. Insengo yabo yarimwo ivy’ugukoresha imibavu be n’ibishushanyo, kwikomeretsa, umugenzo wo gusesa amaraso be n’uwo gutanga ibimazi vy’abantu, hakaba hatangwa abanyororo, abashumba na canecane abana.

Imvukira zo muri Esupanye zihashika

Ico ni co kibano kigoye itahura imvukira zo muri Esupanye zasanze muri ico gihugu igihe zahashika mu ntango z’ikinjana ca 16. Abo Banyesupanye bikundira kuja kwubura ibibanza bishasha, abo bita ngo ni aba conquistadors, bari bafise intumbero zibiri: kwigarurira amatongo mashasha be n’ubutunzi, hamwe no guhindura Abamaya bakinjira mw’idini rya gatolika kugira ngo babakure mu migenzo yabo ya gipagani yarangwa ubunyamaswa. None ukwo kwigarurirwa n’Abanyesupanye kwoba kwaratumye Abamaya baronka umwidegemvyo nyakuri, waba uwo mu vy’idini canke uwo mu bundi buryo?

Za mvukira zo muri Esupanye, ushizemwo n’abakuru b’idini rya gatolika, zarigaruriye amatongo rusangi, ayo Abamaya bari bamaze ibihe n’ibindi barimamwo bakoresheje uburyo bwo mu mico y’iwabo bwo kubanza gutema ivyatsi no kubiturira imbere yo gusiza no gutera. Ukwo kwigarurira ayo matongo vyarakweze indyane nyinshi be n’ukutumvikana. Abo bakoroni kandi barigaruriye amariba maremare, ayo akaba ari yo yari amasôko yonyene y’amazi yari mu gace k’isi kinjira mw’ibahari kitwa Yucatán. Ubuzima bwararushirije kumera nabi igihe idini ryategeka yuko buri mwaka Umumaya wese atanga ikori, rino rikaba ryangana n’amahera yitwa réauxa 12 n’igice ku mugabo be na 9 ku mugore, ayo akaba yaje yiyongera ku mutwaro bari basanganywe w’ikori ryasabwa na Leta. Ba Banyesupanye bari barigaruriye amatongo baraririyemwo mbege ku kuntu ibintu vyari vyifashe, mu kurihira Abamaya ayo makori idini ryabasaba hanyuma bagaca babakoresha ku nguvu gushika bahejeje kuriha ayo mahera baba babatangiye, gutyo baba babagize abaja.

Abapadiri kandi baratangisha amahera ku bw’ibintu idini ryakorera abantu, nk’ibatisimu, ubugeni, be n’amaziko. Biciye ku kwigarurira amatongo, ku gusaba umuntu wese ikori, be n’ayo mahera yatangishwa, idini ryarironkeye ubutunzi, Abamaya na bo baracupira. Abanyagihugu b’abirimizi babonwa ko basanzwe ari abantu bemera ibintazi kandi ata kintu na kimwe bazi. Ku bw’ivyo, abakuru b’idini be n’abandi bakuru mu vy’intwaro babona ko bafise impamvu zumvikana zo gukandamiza Abamaya kugira ngo babatoze indero bongere babakuremwo ivyo kwemera ibintazi.

Intambara hagati y’abantu badasangiye ikibanza mu kibano

Ukugumuka kw’Abamaya kwatanguye mu kwiyamiriza amakori yatozwa na Ekeleziya, mu gukura abana babo mu mashure ya Ekeleziya, mu gusiba mu vyigwa vy’ikatikisimu be no mu kwanka gukora mu mirima. Ariko ivyo nta kindi vyabashikanyeko atari ugutuma barushiriza gufatwa nabi. Ukuntu ibintu vyari vyifashe kwarunyutse mu 1847, haheze nk’imyaka 300 Abanyesupanye baganza. Abamaya, mu ntambara bise ngo ni iy’abantu badasangiye ikibanza mu kibano, barahagurukiye abo bita ngo ni abera canke abazungu.

Indongozi z’abo barwanyi zarakoresheje ikimenyetso co mw’idini ciswe ngo ni Umusaraba uvuga, hakaba hari umupfumu yavuga ijwi ryiwe rigaserukira muri uwo musaraba, yamamaza yuko Abamaya bakwiye kurwana gushika ku rupfu. Iyo ntambara yabaye icago ku Bamaya. Igihe vyemezwa ko yarangiye, aho hakaba hari mu 1853, hafi ibice 40 kw’ijana vy’Abamaya baba muri Yucatán bari bamaze kwicwa. Naho ari ukwo, indyane zarabandanije mu myaka 55. Amaherezo Abamaya barikuyeko umutwaro wa za mvukira zo muri Esupanye, maze baca batangura gusubira kugabanganya amatongo bushasha. Bite ho ku bijanye n’umwidegemvyo wo mu vy’idini?

Nta mwidegemvyo nyakuri wabonetse

Umuzo w’idini rya gatolika biciye kuri ba bakoroni b’Abanyesupanye be na ya ntambara yaba hagati y’abantu badasangiye ikibanza mu kibano, nta na kimwe muri ivyo cazaniye Abamaya umwidegemvyo nyakuri. Muri iki gihe, baracasukiranya ivy’idini mu gusenga, bagakoresha imigenzo yahora igirwa imbere yuko Abanyesupanye bigarurira intara ya Amerika y’Epfo hamwe n’imigenzo y’idini rya gatolika y’i Roma.

Mu kuvuga ibijanye n’Abamaya bo muri kino gihe, igitabu kimwe (The Mayas​—3000 Years of Civilization) kivuga giti: “Abamaya basengera ibimana vyabo vy’ibidukikije be na basekuruza mu mirima, mu masenga be no ku misozi . . . muri ico gihe nyene bagasenga aberanda mu rusengero.” Rero, ikimana Quetzalcoatl, canke Kukulcán, bakinganisha na Yezu, ikimanakazi c’ukwezi na co bakakinganisha na Bikira Mariya. N’ikindi kandi, ugusenga igiti ceranda citwa ceiba vyasubirijwe n’ugusenga umusaraba, uwo abantu n’ubu bakivomera nkaho womenga ni igiti giteye. Aho gushira amashusho ya Yezu ku misaraba, bayishazisha amashurwe y’ico giti ceiba.

Umwidegemvyo nyakuri uza waboneka!

Mu myaka ya vuba, Ivyabona vya Yehova bo muri Megizike baratanguye igikorwa kitari gito co kwigisha Bibiliya mu Bamaya. Ibisohokayandikiro bishingiye kuri Bibiliya, nk’iki kinyamakuru, vyararonkejwe Abamaya mu rurimi rwabo kavukire kugira ngo bibafashe gutahura umugambi Imana ifitiye abantu. None vyavuyemwo iki? Igihe iki kiganiro cariko kirandikwa, hariho abamamaji b’inkuru nziza y’Ubwami bavuga ikimaya bashika nko ku 6.600 bari mu mashengero 241 y’Ivyabona vya Yehova ari muri ako karere. Vyoba vyaroroheye Abamaya kwikura mu vyara vy’inyigisho bari basanzwe bemera kugira ngo bakire ukuri kwo muri Bibiliya?

Ku Bamaya benshi b’umutima nziraburyarya, rwabaye urugamba. Uwitwa Marcelino be n’umukenyezi wiwe Margarita, bariyumvamwo ko ari abagatolika b’abanyamwete. Ku mwaka ku mwaka barerekana ko bubaha umusaraba mu kuwuzana iwabo bawukuye ku rusengero, aho baca batanga ibimazi vy’ibitungwa mu nyuma bagaca babifungurira hamwe n’incuti be n’abagenzi. Ivyabona vya Yehova bahavuye babagendera maze baratangura kwiga Bibiliya hamwe na bo. Bibuka ibi: “Twaratahuye yuko ivyo twariko turiga ari ukuri, ariko twiyumvira ko hamwe twoheba ivyo twahoze twemera, impwemu mbi zociye zidutera.” Naho ari ukwo, barabandanije inyigisho yabo ya Bibiliya. Marcelino avuga ati: “Bukebuke, ukuri kwo muri Bibiliya kwarashitse mu mitima yacu. Ivyo vyaratumye tugira uburindutsi bwo kubwira umuryango wacu be n’abagenzi ivyo twari twarize bivuye muri Bibiliya. Ubu turahimbawe n’ukuba twaravuye mu vyara vy’inyigisho z’ibintazi twari twarajakariye. Ikitubabaje conyene ni uko tutatanguye imbere y’igihe. Twipfuza gucungura umwanya twataye mu gukora rwose kugira ngo tubwire abandi ibijanye n’ukuri kwiza igitangaza kwo muri Bibiliya.”

Uwitwa Alfonso, uno akaba afise imyaka 73, yari umugatolika w’imena. Mu gisagara c’iwabo, yarakunda gutunganya imisi mikuru y’ivy’idini, ino ikaba yarajamwo imisa, ugutamba, be n’ibifungurwa n’ibinyobwa vyaronswa abantu bose baba bari ng’aho. Haraba kandi n’ibirori vyo kurwana n’amapfizi be no kuyica. Avuga ati: “Vyari ibisanzwe ko ivyo birori bisozerwa n’indwano ziturutse ku kaborerwe. Naho nakunda iyo misi mikuru, narumva ko hari ikintu kibuze mw’idini ryanje.” Igihe Ivyabona vya Yehova babwira Alfonso inkuru nziza, yaremeye kugirirwa inyigisho ya Bibiliya. Naho yari afise amagara make, yaratanguye kwitaba amakoraniro ku Ngoro y’Ubwami. Ubu yarahevye imigenzo yose yahora agira ijanye n’idini, akaba atagisha akaryo na kamwe ko kubwira inyigisho nshasha yaronse abo bose baza kumuraba i muhira iwe.

Ubwo ni uburorero buke cane muri bwinshi bw’Abamaya b’umutima nziraburyarya bironkeye umwidegemvyo nyakuri mu vy’idini. Egome, abakomotse ku bubatsi ba ya mapiramide ateye igomwe ari muri Yucatán baracariho. Baracavuga rwa rurimi nyene. Abenshi babayeho nka kurya nyene ba sekuruza babo bari babayeho, mu tuzu dusakaje amashami y’ibigazi twubakishijwe uduti, duhomeshejwe ibumba. Barima ibigori be n’ipampa bakoresheje bwa buryo nyene bwo kubanza guturira imbere yo gusiza. Mugabo ubu ukuri kwo mw’Ijambo ry’Imana kwaratumye Abamaya benshi babohorwa barava mw’idini ry’ikinyoma be no mu kwemera ibintazi. Ubu baratahura neza babigiranye ugukenguruka amajambo ari n’ububasha Yezu yavuze, agira ati: “Muzomenya ukuri, kandi ukuri kuzobagira abidegemvya.”​—Yohani 8:32.

[Utujambo tw’epfo]

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Akarere kahora kiganziwe n’Abamaya

Ikigobe co muri Megizike

MEGIZIKE

Agace k’isi kinjira mw’ibahari kitwa Yucatán

Chichén Itzá

Cobá

BELIZE

GWATEMALA

HONDURAS

SALVADOR

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Ibisigarira vy’akarere k’Abamaya kitwa Chichén Itzá

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Marcelino be n’umukenyezi wiwe Margarita bariko baramamaza inkuru nziza i Yucatán