Igihugu ca Polonye gihabwa “ingabirano ihambaye”

KU WA 6 Mukakaro 1525, ni ho Umutware yitwa Albrecht w’i Hohenzollern yatangaza ko idini ry’Abaluteri ribaye ryo dini rya Leta. Ku bw’ivyo, igisagara uwo mutware yabamwo citwa Prusse, ico gihe kikaba catwarwa n’ubwami bwa Polonye, ni co cabaye Leta ya mbere y’i Buraya yatanguye gukurikiza inyigisho za Martin Luther mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko.

Albrecht yaripfuza ko igisagara ca Königsberg, kino kikaba cari wo murwa mukuru wa Prusse yo mu Buseruko, coba ryo huriro ry’imico kama y’idini ry’abaporotisanti. Yarashinze muri ico gisagara ishure kaminuza yongera aratsimbataza icapurwa ry’ibitabu vya Luther mu ndimi zitari nke. Vyongeye mu 1544, uwo mutware yaravumereye ko Abanyapolonye bo mu karere yatwara bakwiye gusomerwa ibihimba vy’Ivyanditswe Vyeranda mu rurimi rwabo. Ariko rero, nta Bibiliya n’imwe yo mu kinyapolonye yari bwaboneke.

Bibiliya ihindurwa hakoreshejwe “imvugo ya misi yose”

Kugira ngo Albrecht atorere umuti iyo ngorane yo kutagira Ivyanditswe Vyeranda mu rurimi rwabo, yaciye atangura kurondera umuntu ashoboye gusohora impinduro y’Ivyanditswe vy’ikigiriki vya gikirisu mu kinyapolonye. Nko mu 1550 ni ho yatangura gukoresha umwanditsi umwe, akaba n’umudandaji be n’umucapuzi w’ibitabu yitwa Jan Seklucjan. Uwo Seklucjan yari yarangirije amashure yiwe kuri Kaminuza y’i Leipzig, kandi yari azwi ko yashavuje Ekeleziya gatolika mu gukwiragiza inyigisho z’idini ry’abaporotisanti. Nkako, yari yarigeze kuja i Königsberg ahunga gucirwa urubanza rujanye n’uko yakwiragije ivyo yemera mu vy’idini.

Jan Seklucjan yari ashashaye cane gusohora mu kinyapolonye impinduro y’Ivyanditswe. Mu mwaka umwe gusa inyuma y’aho ashingiwe ico gikorwa, amakopi ya mbere y’Injili ya Matayo yari amaze gucapurwa. Iyo nteguro yarimwo amajambo atomoye yerekana ico yayivuzeko, ikabamwo n’amarabiro yo ku mubari yerekana ubundi buryo imirongo imwimwe ishobora guhindurwa. Inyuma y’aho gato, Seklucjan yarahagarikiye icapurwa ry’integuro yarimwo Injili zine zose. Mu myaka itatu gusa, yari amaze gucapura Ivyanditswe vy’ikigiriki vya gikirisu uko vyakabaye.

Kugira ngo umuhinduzi w’iyo Bibiliya ashobore gusohora impinduro itarimwo amakosa, yabanje kwisunga ibisomwa vy’ikigiriki. N’ikindi kandi, amajambo y’intangamarara y’integuro yiwe yo mu 1551 yerekana ko impinduro z’ikilatini be n’“impinduro zo mu zindi ndimi zimwezimwe na zo nyene yazisunze”. Uwitwa Stanisław Rospond, uwo na we akaba yari umwanditsi w’igitabu kimwe (Studies on the Polish Language of the 16th Century), adondora ko iyo mpinduro yahinduwe “hakoreshejwe imvugo isanzwe y’inyuramatwi kandi yoroshe”. Rospond avuga yuko uwo muhinduzi atibanze ku “mvugo ihanitse”. Ahubwo riho, yarakoze uko ashoboye kwose kugira ngo akoreshe amajambo y’ikinyapolonye “yegereza cane imvugo ya misi yose”.

Naho Seklucjan ari we yahagarikiye ico gikorwa co guhindura iyo Bibiliya, ibimenyamenya vyerekana yuko atari we yayihinduye. None ni incabwenge iyihe yayihinduye? Ni uwitwa Stanisław Murzynowski, uwo bishoboka ko yari afise imyaka 20 irengako gatoyi, igihe Seklucjan yamukoresha muri ico gikorwa kitoroshe.

Murzynowski yavukiye mu gasagara gatoyi, ariko amaze kwigira haruguru, se wiwe yaciye amurungika i Königsberg gutangura kwiga ururimi rw’ikigiriki n’igiheburayo. Mu nyuma, Murzynowski yarinjiye Kaminuza y’i Wittenberg mu Budagi, aho akaba ari ho ashobora kuba yarabonaniye na Martin Luther. Uwo munyeshure w’umusore yarakurikiye neza ivyigwa vya kaminuza vyatangwa n’uwitwa Philipp Melanchthon, uno akaba ata gukeka yaramufashije kumenya neza ikigiriki n’igiheburayo. Inyuma y’aho Murzynowski akarihirije ubwenge mu Butaliyano, yarasubiye i Königsberg maze aca arakoreshwa na wa Mutware Albrecht.

Mu gitabu ciwe (The Bible in the Polish Language), uwitwa Maria Kossowska yandika ati: “Murzynowski yakorana umwete kandi mu buryo ngirakamaro, ariko ntiyarondeye kwiyerekana, ngo aharanire kuba rurangiranwa, canke ngo asabe yuko izina ryiwe rishirwa ku rupapuro ruriko izina ry’iyo Bibiliya yahinduye”. Kanatsinda, uwo musore yandika ku bijanye n’ubushobozi bwiwe ati: “Sinzi neza ko ntoba nandika nabi mu kilatini canke mu kinyapolonye”. Naho Murzynowski yari afise ayo makenga, yarakoreshejwe mu gutuma Abanyapolonye bashobora kuronka Ijambo ry’Imana. Uwo bari bafatanije ico gikorwa ari we Seklucjan, yadondoye ko impinduro basohoye ari “ingabirano ihambaye” yahawe igihugu ca Polonye.

Imwe mu ngabirano zihambaye kuruta izindi zose

Kuva aho habonekeye Bibiliya ya mbere mu kinyapolonye, n’izindi nyinshi zahavuye zikurikira. Mu 1994 ni ho hasohorwa mu kinyapolonye Impinduro y’isi nshasha y’Ivyanditswe vy’ikigiriki, mu 1997 na ho hasohorwa Impinduro y’isi nshasha y’Ivyanditswe Vyeranda yose yuzuye. Abahinduye iyo Bibiliya, bano bakaba batarondeye kwiyerekana, barihatiye guhindura Ijambo ry’Imana atari gusa mu buryo butarimwo amakosa, ariko kandi mu mvugo yegereza cane iya misi yose ikoreshwa muri iki gihe, itameze nka ya mvugo yakoreshwa mu kinjana ca 16.

Muri iki gihe Bibiliya iraboneka mu ndimi zishika 2.400, yaba ari yose canke ari igice cayo. Niba ushobora kuronka impinduro y’Ijambo ry’Imana itagiramwo amakosa mu rurimi kavukire, iyo mpinduro ni imwe mu ngabirano zihambaye kuruta izindi zose ushobora kuronka, ingabirano uhabwa na Yehova Imana kugira ngo akuyobore.​—2 Timoteyo 3:15-17.

[Ifoto ku rup. 20]

Iri ni ibuye ry’icibutso ca Stanisław Murzynowski, uwahinduye icitwa Isezerano risha mu kinyapolonye

[Ifoto ku rup. 21]

Ikigabane ca 3 c’igitabu ca Matayo cahinduwe na Stanisław Murzynowski

[Abo dukesha ifoto]

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