Umugenzo w’Abayuda wo kwiyuhagira woba wari integuza y’ibatisimu?

YOHANI UMUBATIZI yigisha “ukubatizwa kwo kwihana”. Yezu na we nyene yategetse abayoboke biwe guhindura abantu abigishwa no kubabatiza.​—Mariko 1:4; Matayo 28:19.

Bibiliya yerekana yuko ibatisimu ya gikirisu isaba kwibizwa wese mu mazi. Igitabu kimwe (Jesus and His World) kivuga kiti: “Imigenzo isa n’iyo umuntu arashobora kuyibona mu madini menshi, yaba aya kera canke ay’ubu, yo mu bihugu bitandukanye no mu mico kama itandukanye”. Ico gitabu kivuga kandi yuko ‘ibatisimu ya gikirisu ikomoka mw’idini ry’Abayuda’. Ivyo vyoba ari ko biri?

Ibidengeri Abayuda bagiriramwo imigenzo yo kwiyuhagira

Abacukuzi b’ivya kera bimvye hafi y’umusozi w’Urusengero rw’i Yeruzalemu, barabonye ubwogero, canke ibidengeri, bushika 100 bwagirirwamwo umugenzo wo kwiyuhagira bwo mu kinjana ca mbere B.G.C. be n’ubwo mu kinjana ca mbere G.C. Amajambo yanditswe kw’isinagogi rimwe mu kinjana ca kabiri canke ca gatatu G.C., avuga yuko mwene ubwo bwogero bwari bwashiriweho “ingenzi zibukeneye”. Ibindi bidengeri babisanze mu gace kamwe k’i Yeruzalemu kabamwo imiryango y’abantu b’abatunzi be n’iy’abaherezi; inzu nka yose wasanga ifise ubwogero bwayo yisangije bwo kugiriramwo uwo mugenzo.

Ubwo bwogero bwari ingomero zifise impande zine zakorogoshowe mu bitandara canke zimbwe mw’ivu, zikaba kandi zari zishashwemwo amatafari canke amabuye. Bwari buhomye kugira ngo ntibuve. Bwinshi muri bwo bwari bufise uburebure bw’imetero 2 na santimetero 70 n’ubwaguke bw’imetero 1 na santimetero 80. Hariho imigende itwara amazi y’imvura muri izo ngomero. Ayo mazi yarashika n’imiburiburi ku metero 1 na santimetero 20 uva hasi kugira ngo umuntu ashobore kwibira wese igihe yicaye muri yo. Rimwe na rimwe, ingazi zashikana umuntu mu mazi wasanga zigabuwemwo kubiri n’agahome gatoyi. Vyiyumvirwa ko uruhande rumwe rw’izo ngazi rwakoreshwa mu kwinjira mu bwogero bwo kwihumanuriramwo, igihe uwaba agiye kwiyuhagira yaba ahumanye, urundi na rwo rukaba urwo gusohokeramwo kugira ntiyanduzwe mu buryo na bumwe.

Ubwo bwogero bwakoreshwa mu bijanye n’imigenzo y’Abayuda yo kwihumanura. Uti none ivyo vyarimwo iki?

Ivyagezwe be n’imigenzo ijanye no kwiyuhagira

Ivyagezwe vya Musa vyarashimika ku kuntu bikenewe ko abasavyi b’Imana baba abadahumanye mu buryo bw’impwemu be no mu buryo bw’umubiri. Hari ibintu vyinshi vyashobora gutuma Abisirayeli bahumana, ubwo buhumane bakaba bategerezwa kubwihumanura mu kwiyuhagira no mu kumesura impuzu zabo.​—Abalewi 11:28; 14:1-9; 15:1-31; Gusubira mu vyagezwe 23:10, 11.

Yehova Imana aratyoroye rwose kandi ni mweranda bimwe bitagira agatosi. Ku bw’ivyo, abaherezi be n’Abalewi basabwa gukaraba intoke n’ibirenge imbere y’uko begera igicaniro ciwe, batabigize na ho bagapfa.​—Kuvayo 30:17-21.

Incabwenge ziyumvira yuko mu kinjana ca mbere G.C., abakuru mw’idini ry’Abayuda bari bamaze gushinga yuko n’abatari Abalewi baza barakora ivyo abaherezi basabwa mu bijanye n’ukwihumanura. Abitwa Abeseni be n’Abafarizayo, bompi barakunda kugira iyo migenzo. Igitabu kimwe kivuga ku vyerekeye igihe ca Yezu kiti: “Umuyuda yarasabwa gukurikiza umugenzo wo kwihumanura kugira ngo aje ku musozi w’Urusengero, kugira ngo atange ikimazi, kugira ngo yungukire ku kimazi catangwa n’umuherezi be no ku bw’izindi mpamvu mwene izo”. Ibisomwa vyo mu gitabu ca Talimudi bivuga yuko vyari vyitezwe ko abiyuhagira bibira mu mazi.

Yezu yaranebaguye Abafarizayo kubera ko bashimika cane ku migenzo yo kwihumanura no guhumanura ibintu. Biboneka ko bagira “ivyo kwiyuhagira bo n’ukwoza vy’uburyo bginshi”, ushizemwo n’ukwoza “ibikombe n’inzavya n’inkono zikozwe mu miringa”. Yezu yavuze yuko Abafarizayo barenga ku mategeko y’Imana bagahatira abantu ku migenzo yabo (Abaheburayo 9:10; Mariko 7:1-9; Abalewi 11:32, 33; Luka 11:38-42). Nta gice na kimwe c’Ivyagezwe vya Musa casaba kwibira mu mazi.

None ibatisimu ya gikirisu yoba ikomoka kuri iyo migenzo yo kwiyuhagira yagirwa n’Abayuda? Oya!

Imigenzo yo kwiyuhagira be n’ibatisimu ya gikirisu

Abayuda baragira imigenzo yo kwihumanura. Ariko rero, ibatisimu ya Yohani ntiwari umugenzo wo kwiyuhagira Abayuda bari basanzwe bamenyereye. Kuba Yohani yahavuye amenyekana ko ari Umubatizi vyerekana yuko ukwo kwibiza abantu mu mazi yagira kwari gutandukanye n’iyo yindi migenzo. Indongozi z’idini ry’Abayuda zaranarungitse abantu kumubaza bati: “Ubatiriza iki?”.​—Yohana 1:25.

Ivyagezwe vya Musa vyasaba yuko umuntu yihumanura igihe cose yaba ahumanye. Ivyo si ko vyari biri, haba kw’ibatisimu ya Yohani canke kw’ibatisimu y’abakirisu yaje mu nyuma. Ibatisimu ya Yohani yerekana ko umuntu yigaye kandi ko ahevye ingendo y’ubuzima yahorana. Ibatisimu ya gikirisu yagereranya ukuba umuntu yari amaze kwiyegurira Imana. Abakirisu rero bayigira rimwe rizima, ntibayigira bisubiriza.

Uwo mugenzo wo kwiyuhagira wagirirwa mu mazu y’abaherezi b’Abayuda be no mu bwogero rusangi bwari hafi y’umusozi w’Urusengero ugomba kuba nk’uwusa n’ibatisimu ya gikirisu. Ariko insobanuro z’ukwo kwibizwa kw’ubwoko bubiri zari zitandukanye cane. Igitabu kimwe c’inyizamvugo (The Anchor Bible Dictionary) kivuga kiti: “Incabwenge zihuriza ku ciyumviro c’uko Yohani [Umubatizi] atasubirije canke ngo amere nk’uwuhindura ibatisimu n’imwe mu zari zisanzwe zigirwa mu kibano yabamwo”, ni ukuvuga izagirwa mw’idini ry’Abayuda. Twoshobora kuvuga yuko ari ko biri no ku bijanye n’ibatisimu yagirwa mw’ishengero rya gikirisu.

Ibatisimu ya gikirisu igereranya ‘[“ugusaba”, NW] Imana umutima utakwagiriza ikibi’ (1 Petero 3:21). Yerekana yuko umuntu aba yariyeguriye Yehova wese kugira ngo amukorere ari umwigishwa w’Umwana wiwe. Kwibizwa wese mu mazi ni ikigereranyo kibereye c’ukwo kwiyegura. Ukwibizwa mu mazi bigereranya yuko umuntu apfuye ku bijanye n’ingendo y’ubuzima yahorana. Ukwiburutswa na kwo kugereranya ko agizwe muzima kugira ngo akore ivyo Imana igomba.

Yehova Imana araha ijwi ryo mutima ryiza ababa bagize mwene ukwo kwiyegura bakongera bakabatizwa. Ku bw’ivyo, intumwa Petero ahumekewe n’Imana yarashoboye kubwira abo basangiye ukwizera ati: “[Ibatisimu] ni yo [i]bakiza namwe ubu”. Ico ni ikintu ata mugenzo n’umwe wo kwiyuhagira w’Abayuda wokwigeze ushikako.