“Reka tugereranye icanditswe n’ikindi”

HARI umugabo umwe yatoye agapapuro kavuga ivy’Imana hasi mw’igariyamoshi yariko ija mu gisagara ca New York. Ako gapapuro kavuga ngo ‘Ubugingo bw’umuntu burapfa’. Uwo mugabo, uwari asanzwe ari umupasitori, yaciye yumva yipfuje kumenya ibivugwa muri ako gapapuro, maze aca atangura kugasoma. Yaratangaye cane kubera yuko atari bwigere akekeranya ku nyigisho y’ukudapfa kw’icitwa ubugingo (ico abandi bita umutima w’ubwenge). Ico gihe, ntiyashoboye kumenya uwanditse ako gapapuro. Yamara, ivyiyumviro vyo muri ako gapapuro yasanze vyumvikana kandi bishingiye ku Vyanditswe, ku buryo yabonye ko ari ibintu umuntu akwiye kwiga yitonze.

Uwo mupasitori yari George Storrs. Ico kintu cabaye mu 1837, uwo akaba ari wo mwaka uwitwa Charles Darwin yatangura kuza arandika ivyiyumviro vyiwe vyahavuye bivamwo ya nyigisho yiwe y’uko ngo ibintu vyabayeho biciye kw’ihindagurika. Ico gihe, abantu benshi kw’isi wasanga bemera Imana kandi bafitiye ishaka ivy’Imana. Benshi barasoma Bibiliya kandi bakemera ko ico ivuze ari ico nyene.

Mu nyuma, Storrs yaramenye yuko ako gapapuro kanditswe n’uwitwa Henry Grew w’i Philadelphie muri Pennsylvanie. Grew yarumira ku ciyumviro yari afise c’uko “ivyanditswe . . . ata kindi coza kibisigura neza kuruta uko ubwavyo vyisigura”. Grew be n’abo bari bafadikanije bari bamaze igihe batohoza Bibiliya bafise intumbero yo guhuza ubuzima bwabo be n’imirimo yabo n’impanuro itanga. Ivyigwa bagize vyarashize ahabona inyigisho z’ukuri nziza igitangaza zo mu Vyanditswe.

Storrs rero, aremeshejwe n’ivyo Grew yanditse, yararavye yitonze ico Ivyanditswe bivuga ku vyerekeye ubugingo yongera arayaga ivy’ico kibazo na bamwebamwe mu bapasitori bagenziwe. Hashize imyaka itanu Storrs atohoza ivy’ico kibazo yitonze, yaciye afata ingingo yo kumenyekanisha ukuri kw’agaciro kwo mu Vyanditswe yari yubuye. Ubwa mbere, mu 1842, yarateguye insiguro imwe yo gushikiriza ku musi umwe w’iyinga. Ariko rero, yarabonye ko vyari bikenewe yuko ashikiriza izindi nsiguro nka zingahe kugira ngo anoganze ibijanye n’ukwo kuri yari yubuye. Amaherezo, insiguro yashikirije ku bijanye n’uko ubugingo bw’abantu bupfa, zose hamwe zabaye zitandatu, akaba yaciye azisohora mu gitabu yise ngo Insiguro zitandatu (mu congereza). Storrs yaragereranije icanditswe n’ikindi kugira ngo ashire ahabona ukuri kwiza kwari kwazitswe munsi y’inyigisho z’abiyita abakirisu zitesha icubahiro Imana.

Bibiliya yoba yigisha yuko ubugingo budapfa?

Bibiliya iravuga ivy’uko ukudapfa ari impera abayoboke ba Yezu basizwe baronka kubera ukudahemuka kwabo (1 Ab’i Korinto 15:50-56). Storrs yiyumviriye ati: ‘Niba ukudapfa ari impera umuntu aronka kubera ukudahemuka kwiwe, rero ubugingo bw’abanyakibi ntibushobora kuba ubudapfa’. Aho guca arondera kubimenya mu kuza aratomboza, yaciye asuzuma ico Ivyanditswe bivuga. Yarazirikanye ku canditswe co muri Matayo 10:28, ikivuga ngo: “Mutinye ūshobora guhonereza ubugingo n’umubiri muri Gehinomu”. Rero, ubugingo burashobora guhonywa. Yarisunze kandi Ezekiyeli 18:4, ahavuga hati: “Umuntu akora icaha ni we azopfa”. Mu rurimi rwo mu ntango, iryo jambo “umuntu” rikoreshwa muri ico canditswe, ni ryo ryahinduwe ngo ubugingo, canke ngo umutima w’ubwenge. Hisunzwe rero Bibiliya yose uko ingana, ubwiza bw’ukwo kuri bwaciye bwibonekeza. Storrs yanditse ati: “Nimba ntahura mu buryo nyabwo ivy’iki kibazo [c’uko ubugingo bupfa], ibice vyinshi vy’Ivyanditswe, ivyo tumaze igihe tutabona neza ico bivuga ku bijanye n’inyigisho isanzwe yemerwa [y’ukudapfa kw’ubugingo], bica rero bidutomokera, tukabona ubwiza bwavyo, tukongera tukabona ko bitekeye insobanuro ihambaye kandi ko biri n’ikintu gikomeye bivuze”.

Ariko none, bite ho ku bijanye n’ivyanditswe nka Yuda 7? Ico canditswe kivuga giti: “Kandi n’abantu b’i Sodomu n’i Gomora bo n’ibisagara vyari bihereranye na ho, kuko bitanze bakīha ubusambanyi nka ba bandi, n’ukwendana, ukw’imibiri itaremewe, ivyo bisagara vyashiriweho kuba akabarore, bibabazwa n’igihano c’umuriro [“w’ibihe bidahera”, NW]”. Hari abosoma ico canditswe bagaca bashika ku ciyumviro c’uko ubugingo bw’abiciwe i Sodomu n’i Gomora bubabarizwa mu muriro ibihe bidahera. Storrs yanditse ati: “Reka tugereranye icanditswe n’ikindi”. Yaciye asubiramwo amajambo yo muri 2 Petero 2:5, 6, ahagira hati: ‘Kandi ntiyagiriye ikigongwe isi ya kera, ariko ikiza Nowa, aho yazana umwuzure kw’isi y’abatayubaha; kandi ibisagara vy’i Sodomu n’i Gomora, yabiciriyeko iteka ryo gukomvomvorwa ibigira umunyota, ibishiraho kuba akabarore k’abazogenda batubaha Imana’. Vy’ukuri, ibisagara vy’i Sodomu n’i Gomora vyaragizwe umunyota, bisangangurwana n’abantu babibamwo ubutagisubira kubaho.

Storrs yaciye asigura ati: “Petero aratanga umuco kuri ico canditswe co muri Yuda. Bompi [ni ukuvuga, Petero na Yuda] barerekana neza rwose ukuntu Imana yagaragaje ko idahimbarwa n’abanyavyaha. . . . Izo manza zashikiye iyo si ya kera, Sodomu na Gomora, ni ingabisho canke imburi, kibure ‘akabarore’ kamaho canke ‘k’ibihe bidahera’ ku bantu bose, gushika ku muhero w’isi”. Uca ubona rero ko Yuda yashaka kwerekana ko inkurikizi umuriro wasanganguye Sodomu na Gomora wagize ari iy’ibihe bidahera. Ivyo, nta kintu na kimwe bihindura ku vy’uko ubugingo bw’umuntu bupfa.

Storrs ntiyariko akoresha ivyanditswe bishigikira iciyumviro ciwe yiyobagiza ibindi. Yararimbura amakikuro y’icanditswe kimwekimwe cose, ni ukuvuga imirongo igikikuje, akongera akarimbura ico Bibiliya yose uko ingana yigisha. Igihe Storrs yabona ko icanditswe kinaka gisa n’ikitavuga rumwe n’ibindi vyanditswe, yaca araba mu gice ca Bibiliya gisigaye kugira ngo atore insobanuro yumvikana yaco.

Ivyigwa vyerekeye Ivyanditswe Russell yagize

Mu bahavuye bifadikanya na George Storrs harimwo umusore umwe yariko atunganya umugwi wo gutohoza Bibiliya i Pittsburgh muri Pennsylvanie, akaba yitwa Charles Taze Russell. Kimwe mu biganiro vya mbere yanditse bishingiye ku Vyanditswe, ni ico yasohoye mu 1876 mu kinyamakuru citwa Umusuzumyi wa Bibiliya (mu congereza) candikwa na Storrs. Russell ubwiwe yarivugiye yuko abatohoji ba Bibiliya bo mu ntango yabigiyeko vyinshi. Mu nyuma, amaze kuba umwanditsi w’ikinyamakuru Umunara w’Inderetsi w’i Siyoni (mu congereza), yarakengurukiye Storrs kuba yaramusahirije cane biciye ku vyo yamubwira no ku vyo bandikiranira.

Igihe C. T. Russell yari afise imyaka 18, yaratunganije umugwi wo gutohoza Bibiliya, yongera arashinga uburyo bwo kuyiga. Uwitwa A. H. Macmillan, uwo na we akaba yari umutohoji wa Bibiliya yifatanya na Russell, yadondoye ukuntu vyagenda ati: “Umuntu yarabaza ikibazo, bagaca bakiganirako. Bararondera ivyanditswe vyose bijanye n’ico kibazo maze mu nyuma, babonye neza yuko ivyo vyanditswe bihuza, bagaca bavuga iciyumviro bashitseko, hanyuma bakacandika”.

Russell yari yarajijutse yuko Bibiliya, igihe umuntu ayifashe yose uko ingana, itabura guhishura ubutumwa buhuza kandi butavuguruzanya, vyongeye buhuza na kamere z’uwo ikomokako, ni ukuvuga Imana. Igihe cose haba hari igice ca Bibiliya gisa n’ikigoye gutahura, Russell yabona ko ico gice gitegerezwa kuba gitomorwa kandi gisigurwa n’ibindi bice bisigaye bigize Bibiliya.

Ni uburyo bushingiye ku Vyanditswe bwamye bukoreshwa

Ariko rero, yaba Russell, Storrs canke Grew, nta n’umwe muri abo yovugwa ko ari we yatanguje ubwo buryo bwo kureka Ivyanditswe bikaba ari vyo ubwavyo vyisigura. Ubwo buryo bwatangujwe n’Umwe yatanguza ubukirisu, Yezu Kirisitu. Yarakoresha ivyanditswe bitari bike kugira ngo yerekane neza insobanuro nyakuri y’icanditswe kinaka. Nk’akarorero, igihe Abafarizayo banebagura abigishwa biwe kubera bamyogeje imitwe y’ingano ku musi w’Isabato, Yezu, akoresheje inkuru ivugwa muri 1 Samweli 21:6, yarerekanye ukuntu icagezwe c’Isabato cari gikwiye gukurikizwa. Indongozi z’idini zari zimenyereye iyo nkuru, iyivuga yuko Dawidi n’abantu biwe bariye imitsima y’ibiterekerwa. Yezu yaciye yerekeza ku gice c’Ivyagezwe cavuga yuko abaherezi bakomoka mu muryango wa Aroni ari bo bonyene barya iyo mitsima y’ibiterekerwa (Kuvayo 29:32, 33; Abalewi 24:9). Yamara, Dawidi yarabwiwe kwakira iyo mitsima ngo bayirye. Yezu yasozereye amajambo yiwe ajijura mu gusubiramwo amajambo yo mu gitabu ca Hoseya, ati: “Iyo muba mwari muzi iri jambo ico rivuga, ngw Imbabazi ni zo ngomba, s’ibimazi; ntimuba mutsindishije abatarikw igicumuro” (Matayo12:1-8). Ese ukuntu ako ari akarorero keza cane ko kugereranya icanditswe kinaka n’ibindi kugira ngo habe ugutahura kutagiramwo amakosa!

Abayoboke ba Yezu barakurikije ako karorero ko gukoresha ibindi vyanditswe kugira ngo barase umuco ku canditswe kinaka. Igihe intumwa Paulo yariko arigisha Abanyatesalonike, ‘yaravuganye na bo ivyo mu Vyanditswe, [“asobanura yongera atanga ivyemeza, mu gukoresha ivyanditswe”, NW] yuko Kirisitu yari uwo kubabazwa, no kuzuka mu bapfuye’ (Ivyakozwe n’intumwa 17:2, 3). No mu makete yanditse ahumekewe n’Imana, yararetse Bibiliya iba ari yo ubwayo yisigura. Nk’akarorero, igihe yandikira Abaheburayo, yarasubiyemwo mu majambo ivyanditswe bitari bike kugira ngo yemeze ko Ivyagezwe vyari igitutu c’ivyiza vyoje.​—Abaheburayo 10:1-18.

Vy’ukuri, abatohoji ba Bibiliya b’inziraburyarya bo mu kinjana ca 19 no mu ntango z’ica 20 nta kindi bariko bakora atari ugusubira gukoresha ubwo buryo abakirisu bo mu ntango bakoresha. Ubwo buryo bwo kugereranya ivyanditswe n’ibindi burabandanya gukoreshwa mu kinyamakuru Umunara w’Inderetsi (2 Ab’i Tesalonike 2:15). Ivyabona vya Yehova barakoresha ubwo buryo igihe basuzuma icanditswe kinaka.

Reka amakikuro abe ari yo yivugira

Igihe turiko turasoma Bibiliya, dushobora gute kwigana ubwo burorero bwiza twasigiwe na Yezu be n’abayoboke biwe b’intahemuka? Ubwa mbere, turashobora kurimbura amakikuro yegereye icanditswe tuba turiko turarimbura. None amakikuro ashobora gute kudufasha gutahura insobanuro yaco? Reka dufate akarorero mu kurimbura amajambo Yezu yavuze aboneka muri Matayo 16:28, ahagira hati: “Ndababwire ukuri: Mur’aba bahagaze hano harimwo bamwe batazobona urupfu gushitsa aho bazobonera Umwana w’umuntu aje mu bgami bgiwe”. Hari aboshobora kwiyumvira yuko ayo majambo atarangutse kubera yuko abigishwa ba Yezu bose bari bahari igihe yayavuga, bapfuye imbere y’uko Ubwami bw’Imana bushingwa mw’ijuru. Ku bijanye n’ico canditswe, igitabu kimwe (The Interpreter’s Bible) kivuga mbere giti: “Ubwo buhanuzi ntibwarangutse, ku buryo mu nyuma vyatumye abakirisu babwirizwa gusigura yuko yari imvugo mberanya”, canke y’ikigereranyo.

Ariko rero, amakikuro y’ico canditswe hamwe n’inkuru zigana ivy’ico kintu zavuzwe na Mariko be na Luka, biradufasha gutahura insobanuro nyayo y’ico canditswe. Ni ibiki Matayo yaciye yigana ubwo nyene ahejeje kuvuga ayo majambo yavuzwe aho haruguru? Yanditse ati: “Imisi itandatu ishize, Yesu ajana Petero na Yakobo na mwene nyina Yohana, abadūgana igisozi kirekire ari bonyene. Ahinduka ukundi imbere yabo” (Matayo 17:1, 2). Mariko na Luka na bo nyene barerekanye ko hariho isano hagati y’amajambo ya Yezu yerekeye Ubwami n’iyo nkuru ivuga ivy’ukwo guhinduka ukundi (Mariko 9:1-8; Luka 9:27-36). Ukuza kwa Yezu mu bubasha bw’Ubwami kwaragaragajwe muri ukwo guhinduka ukundi kwiwe, aboneka afise ubuninahazwa imbere y’izo ntumwa zitatu. Petero arerekana ko ivyo ari vyo mu kuvuga ivyerekeye “ubushobozi bg’Umwami wacu Yesu Kristo no kuzoza kwiwe”, afatiye ku kuntu yiboneye uguhinduka ukundi kwa Yezu.​—2 Petero 1:16-18.

Woba ureka Bibiliya ikaba ari yo yisigura?

Wokora iki mu gihe woba warimbuye amakikuro y’icanditswe kinaka, mugabo n’ico gihe nyene ukaba utagitahura? Woshobora kukigereranya n’ibindi vyanditswe, ufise mu muzirikanyi ico Bibiliya yose uko ingana yigisha. Igikoresho kimwe ciza cane cobigufashamwo, ushobora kugisanga muri ya Bibiliya yitwa Les Saintes Écritures​—Traduction du monde nouveau, iyiboneka muri iki gihe mu ndimi 57 ari yose uko ingana canke ari igihimba cayo gusa. Ico gikoresho ni ivyanditswe biboneka mu nkingi yo hagati y’urupapuro rumwerumwe rwose rwo mu nteguro nyinshi z’iyo Bibiliya. Bibiliya Les Saintes Écritures​—Traduction du monde nouveau​—avec notes et références, ushobora kuyisangamwo ivyanditswe vyo mu nkingi birenga 125.000. “Intangamarara” y’iyo Bibiliya isigura iti: “Kugereranya witonze ivyanditswe vyo mu nkingi bijanye n’icanditswe kinaka no kwihweza utujambo tw’epfo bijanye, biragufasha kubona yuko ibitabu 66 bigize Bibiliya bihuza, ivyo bikaba vyerekana neza yuko ivyo bitabu bigize igitabu kimwe cahumetswe n’Imana”.

Reka turabe ukuntu gukoresha ivyo vyanditswe vyo mu nkingi bishobora kudufasha gutahura icanditswe kinaka. Fata nk’akarorero inkuru yerekeye Aburamu, ari we Aburahamu. Zirikana kuri iki kibazo: Ni nde yayoboye abandi igihe Aburamu n’umuryango wiwe bafata urugendo bavuye i Uri? Mw’​Itanguriro 11:31 hagira hati: “Tera ajana Aburamu umwana wiwe, na Loti, . . . na Sarayi umukazana wiwe, . . . bava muri Uri i Bukaludaya ngo baje mu gihugu c’i Kanani; bashika i Harani, bagerēraho”. Ugisoma iyo nkuru, wohava uvuga yuko se wa Aburamu, Tera, ari we yayoboye abandi. Ariko, muri ya Bibiliya Traduction du monde nouveau, kuri ico canditswe dusanga herekanywe ivyanditswe 11 vyo mu nkingi. Ica nyuma muri ivyo ni Ivyakozwe n’intumwa 7:2, aho dusoma ivyerekeye inkeburo Sitefano yahaye Abayuda bo mu kinjana ca mbere, ati: “Imana y’icubahiro yiyeretse sogokuruza Aburahamu, ar’i Mesopotamiya, ataraja kugerēra i Harani, iramubarira, iti Va mu gihugu canyu no mu muryango wanyu, uje mu gihugu nzokwereka” (Ivyakozwe n’intumwa 7:2, 3, ni twe dushimitse.). Sitefano yoba none yariko yitiranya igihe bava i Uri n’igihe Aburamu yava i Harani? Biraboneka ko atari ko biri, kubera yuko ayo majambo yavuze ari mu bigize Ijambo ry’Imana ryahumetswe.​—Itanguriro 12:1-3.

Ni kubera iki none mw’⁠Itanguriro 11:31 havuga yuko “Tera [yajanye] Aburamu umwana wiwe” be n’abandi bo mu muryango wiwe bakava i Uri? Tera ni we yari akiri sekuruza w’uwo muryango. Yaremeye kujana na Aburamu, gutyo aca aba ari we avugwa yuko yajanye uwo muryango i Harani. Mu kugereranya no mu guhuza ivyo vyanditswe bibiri, turashobora guca dutahura neza ivyabaye ico gihe. Aburamu yarajijuye se wiwe abigiranye ukwubaha ngo bave i Uri nk’uko Imana yari yabimutegetse.

Igihe dusoma Ivyanditswe, dukwiye kutirengagiza amakikuro y’icanditswe tuba turiko turasoma be n’ico Bibiliya yose uko ingana yigisha. Abakirisu bahabwa iyi mpanuro igira iti: ‘Tweho ntitwahawe impwemu y’iyi si, ariko twahawe impwemu iva ku Mana, kugira ngo tumenye ivy’Imana yatugabiye. Na vyo nyene turabivuga, ariko ntitubivuga mu majambo yigishwa n’ubwenge bw’abantu, ariko tubivuga mu yigishwa n’impwemu, tugereranya ivy’impwemu n’ivy’impwemu bindi’ (1 Korinto 2:11-13). Vy’ukuri, dutegerezwa gutakambira Yehova ngo adufashe gutahura Ijambo ryiwe, kandi tukagerageza ‘kugereranya ivy’impwemu n’ivy’impwemu bindi’ mu gusuzuma amakikuro y’icanditswe tuba turiko turazirikanako no mu kuraba ivyanditswe bifitaniye isano na co. Nimuze tubandanye kurondera ukuri kwiza kw’agaciro mu kwiyigisha Ijambo ry’Imana.

[Amafoto ku rup. 12]

Aba ni ba batohoji ba Bibiliya bo mu kinjana ca 19 bareka Ivyanditswe bigasigura icanditswe kinaka: George Storrs, Henry Grew, Charles Taze Russell na A. H. Macmillan

[Abo dukesha amafoto]]

Hejuru: Ifoto yakuwe mu gitabu INSIGURO ZITANDATU, canditswe na George Storrs (1855); Uwa kabiri uvuye hejuru: Ifoto yakuwe muri Collection of The New-York Historical Society/69288

[Ifoto ku rup. 15]

Intumwa Paulo yaratanga ivyemeza ivyo yigisha mu gukoresha ivyanditswe