Mbega Ni “Jéhovah” Canke Ni “Yahweh”?

“IGISUKIRANE,” “ikivange,” “ikintazi.” Mbega ni igiki catumye incabwenge mu vy’Igiheburayo co muri Bibiliya zikoresha amajambo akomakomeye mwene ayo? Ikibazo giharîrwako ni ukumenya niba “Jéhovah” (Yehova) ari uburyo bwiza bwo kuvuga izina ry’Imana. Ivyo bihari biramaze imyaka irenga ijana bigirwa. Muri iki gihe, incabwenge nyinshi zisa n’izishigikira imvugo y’indadi zibiri, ari yo “Yahweh.” Ariko none imvugo ngo “Jéhovah” (Yehova) yoba vy’ukuri ari “ikintazi” koko?

Tuje ku Muzi w’Ivyo Bihari

Dukurikije Bibiliya, Imana ubwayo yarahishuriye abantu izina ryayo. (Kuvayo 3:15) Ibimenyamenya vyo mu Vyanditswe vyerekana ko abasavyi b’Imana ba kera bakoresha iryo zina ata co binona. (Itanguriro 12:8; Rusi 2:4) N’ayandi mahanga nyene yari azi izina ry’Imana. (Yosuwa 2:9) Ivyo ni kwo canecane vyari inyuma y’aho Abayuda bari bagarutse bavuye mu buhabisho i Babiloni bamenyaniye n’abantu bo mu mahanga menshi. (Zaburi 96:2-10; Yesaya 12:4; Malaki 1:11) Inyizamvugo imwe, The Interpreter’s Dictionary of the Bible ivuga iti: “Hariho ibimenyamenya bitari bike vyerekana yuko mu kiringo c’inyuma y’uguhabishwa kw’Abayuda abanyamahanga benshi bakwegerewe n’idini y’Abayuda.” Ariko rero, mu kinjana ca mbere G.C., umuziririzo werekeye izina ry’Imana wari waratsimbataye. Amaherezo, ihanga ry’Abayuda ntiryahagaritse ikoreshwa ry’izina ry’Imana ku mugaragaro vyonyene, mugabo hari n’ababujije n’ukuricisha mu kanwa. Uburyo bwiza bwo kurivuga bwaciye rero butakara. Ariko bwoba bwarazimanganye?

Mbega Izina Rivuze Iki?

Mu rurimi rw’Igiheburayo, izina ry’Imana ryandikwa יהוה. Izo ndome zine, izisomwa uva iburyo uja ibubamfu, mu bisanzwe zitwa Tetragrama. Amazina menshi y’abantu hamwe n’ay’ibibanza avugwa muri Bibiliya usanga arimwo impfunyapfunyo y’izina ry’Imana. Vyoba none bishoboka ko ayo mazina yoshobora kugira ico atwereka ku kuntu izina ry’Imana ryavugwa?

Nk’uko bivugwa na George Buchanan, umwigisha yakukurutse yahora ari uwo kw’Iseminari y’ivya Tewologiya y’i Wesley, i Washington, D.C. muri Reta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, inyishu y’ico kibazo ni ego. Uwo Mwigisha Buchanan asigura ati: “Mu bihe vya kera, kenshi abavyeyi bita abana babo amazina ajanye n’imana zabo. Ivyo bisobanura yuko boba bavuga amazina y’abana babo nk’uko izina ry’imana yabo ryavugwa. Tetragrama yarakoreshwa mu mazina y’abantu, bakaba nantaryo bakoresha urudome ruvuga rwo hagati.”

Raba uturorero dukenyi tw’amazina y’uruharo asangwa muri Bibiliya arimwo impfunyapfunyo y’izina ry’Imana. Yonatani, iryandikwa ngo Yoh·na·thanʹ canke Yehoh·na·thanʹ muri Bibiliya y’Igiheburayo, risobanura ngo “Yaho canke Yahowah yatanze,” ivyo bikavugwa n’Umwigisha Buchanan. Izina ry’Umuhanuzi Eliya ni ʼE·li·yahʹ canke ʼE·li·yaʹhu mu Giheburayo. Nk’uko bivugwa n’Umwigisha Buchanan, iryo zina risobanura ngo: “Imana yanje ni Yahoo canke Yahoo-wah.” Muri ubwo buryo nyene, izina ry’Igiheburayo ryavuyemwo Yehoshafati ni Yehoh-sha·phatʹ, risobanura ngo “Yaho yaciye urubanza.”

Uburyo bwo kuvuga iyo Tetragrama bugizwe n’indadi zibiri ari bwo “Yahweh” ntibwemeye ko ijwi rivuga ry’urwo rudome o ribamwo ngo ribe mu bigize izina ry’Imana. Ariko mu mazina mirongo yo muri Bibiliya arimwo izina ry’Imana, ijwi ry’urwo rudome rwo hagati riraseruka mu mero z’intango no mu mpfunyapfunyo, nko muri Yehonatani na Yonatani. Ivyo bituma Umwigisha Buchanan avuga ku biraba izina ry’Imana ati: “Nta na rimwe ijwi oo canke oh rikurwamwo. Iryo jambo rimwe na rimwe ryapfunyapfunywa ngo ‘Ya,’ mugabo ntaho ryigera riba ‘Ya-weh.’ . . . Igihe ya Tetragrama ivuzwe mu ndadi imwe, yari ‘Yah’ canke ‘Yo.’ Igihe ryaba rivuzwe mu ndadi zitatu ryari kuba ‘Yahowah’ canke ‘Yahoowah.’ Hamwe na ho ryari kuba ripfunyapfunywe mu ndadi zibiri ryobaye ‘Yaho.’ ”—Biblical Archaeology Review.

Ayo majambo yavuzwe aradufasha gutahura ivyavuzwe n’incabwenge y’Umuheburayo wo mu kinjana ca 19, ari we Gesenius, mu gitabu ciwe Hebrew and Chaldee Lexicon to the Old Testament Scriptures, ati: “Abafata yuko יְהוָֹה [Ye-ho-wah] ari bwo buryo [izina ry’Imana] ryavugwa si ukuvuga ko batagira na gato impamvu boshigikiza iciyumviro cabo. Muri ubwo buryo za ndadi z’impfunyapfunyo יְהוֹ [Ye-ho] na יוֹ [Yo], ari na zo zitangura amazina menshi y’uruharo, ni ho zoshobora gusigurwa neza kuruta.”

Yamara rero mu ntangamarara y’igitabu aherutse gushira mu rundi rurimi, ari co The Five Books of Moses, uwitwa Everett Fox avuga ati: “Abagerageje kera n’ubu kugarukana uburyo ‘bwiza’ bwo kuvuga izina [ry’Imana] ry’Igiheburayo nta vyo bashoboye; yaba ya mvugo ngo ‘Yehova’ dukunda kwumva canke imwe incabwenge zifatirako ari yo ‘Yahweh,’ ntibishobora kwemezwa buhere.”

Nta nkeka ko ukwo guharira hagati y’incabwenge kuzobandanya. Abayuda baretse kuvuga izina ry’ukuri ry’Imana imbere y’uko Abamasoreti bazana uburyo bwo gushira ku ndome utumenyetso dukora nk’indome zivuga. Gutyo rero, nta buryo ntabanduka buriho bwo kugaragaza indome zivuga zajana na za ndagi ari zo YHWH (יהוה). Yamara, amazina ubwayo y’abantu bo muri Bibiliya, ayatigeze atakaza uburyo avugwa, aratanga uburyo bufadika bwo kumenya ukuntu izina ry’Imana ryavugwa kera. Kubera ico, turumva ko n’imiburiburi incabwenge zimwezimwe zemera yuko tubiravye neza dusanga imvugo ‘Yehova’ atari ikintazi.

[Amafoto ku rup. 31]

“Jéhovah” ni bwo buryo bukoreshwa na benshi bwo kuvuga izina ry’Imana