Uburyo Wemera Izuka Bukomeye ku Rugero Rungana Iki?

‘Ni jewe kuzuka n’ubuzima. Ūnyizera n’iyo yopfa, azobaho.’—YOHANA 11:25.

1, 2. Ni kuki bikenewe ko umuntu asenga Yehova yizera icizigiro c’izuka?

ICIZIGIRO ufise c’izuka coba gikomeye ku rugero rungana iki? Coba kigukomeza bigatuma udatinya gupfa, kikanaguhumuriza igihe wabuze abo wakunda? (Matayo 10:28; 1 Ab’i Tesalonike 4:13) Woba umeze nk’abasavyi ba Yehova batari bake bo mu bihe vya kera, barinze ugukubitwa ibimoko, agashinyaguro, ukubabazwa n’ugutabwa mu mvuto, bakomejwe n’uko bemera izuka?—Abaheburayo 11:35-38.

² Ni vyo, umuntu asenga Yehova ata buryarya akwiye kutagira amazinda na gato yuko hazobaho izuka, kandi ico cizigiro afise gikwiye kugira ico gikoze ku buryo abayeho. Ni ikintu c’akaroruhore kuzirikana ku vy’uko igihe kibereye c’Imana nicagera, ikiyaga, urupfu na Hadesi bizorekura abapfuye bari muri vyo, kandi abo bazozuka bazogira icizero co kubaho ibihe bidashira kw’isi y’iparadizo.—Ivyahishuriwe 20:13; 21:4, 5.

Amazinda ku Vyerekeye Ubuzima bwo Muri Kazoza

3, 4. Abantu batari bake baracemera iki ku vyerekeye ubuzima bw’inyuma yo gupfa?

³ Kuva kera na rindi amadini y’abitwa Abakirisu yigishije yuko hariho ubuzima inyuma yo gupfa. Ikiganiro kimwe co mu kinyamakuru U.S. Catholic cavuze giti: “Mu myaka n’iyindi, Abakirisu baragerageje kwihanganira ibiburabuza n’imibabaro vyo muri ubu buzima, mu gutereza amaso imbere ku bundi buzima, ubw’amahoro n’ugushira ipfa, ugushira akanyota n’ubuhirwe.” Naho nyene mu bihugu bitari bike vy’Abitwa Abakirisu abanyagihugu basigaye batagihurumbira ivy’idini kandi idini bakaba bayihinyura, abatari bake baraciyumvira yuko inyuma yo gupfa hategerezwa kuba hariho ikintu. Ariko hari vyinshi bakekeranyako.

⁴ Ikiganiro kimwe co mu kinyamakuru Time cavuze giti: “Abantu baracemera ko hariho [ubuzima inyuma yo gupfa]: ni uko gusa kumenya neza ico ari co vyarushirije kubayobera, kandi akaba ari gake cane bumva abungere babo babicisha mu kanwa.” Ni kuki abamenyeshamana bo mu madini bavuga gake ivyerekeye ubuzima bw’inyuma yo gupfa kuruta uko bakunda kubivuga kera? Hari incabwenge mu vy’idini yitwa Jeffrey Burton Russell ivuga iti: “Nibaza yuko [abakuru b’amadini] bashaka kwirinda kuvuga ivy’ico kibazo kubera biyumvira ko bobizwa icuya n’ukugonanwa kw’abantu.”

5. Muri iki gihe abantu benshi babona gute inyigisho yerekeye umuriro udahera?

⁵ Mu mashengero menshi, mu vy’ubuzima bw’inyuma yo gupfa harimwo ijuru n’umuriro udahera. Kandi niba abakuru b’amadini badashaka kuvuga ivyerekeye ijuru, ivyerekeye umuriro udahera si vyo borushiriza kuvuga. Hari ikiganiro co mu kinyamakuru kimwe cavuze giti: “Muri iyi misi, n’amashengero yemera ivy’igihano c’ibihe bidashira mu muriro nya muriro udahera . . . ntashimika kuri iyo nyigisho.” Kukaba nkako, abanyatewolojiya benshi bo mu gihe ca none ntibacemera ko umuriro udahera ari ahantu ho kubabarizwa hariho koko, nk’uko vyahora vyigishwa muri vya Bihe Ncahagati. Ahubwo, ivy’umuriro udahera bavyumvana impuhwe. Nk’uko abakurikira ivyiyumviro vya none benshi babivuga, abacumuzi bari mu muriro udahera ntibababazwa bubabazwe, ariko bababazwa n’uko “baba batanye n’Imana mu buryo bw’impwemu.”

6. Ni mu buryo ki bamwebamwe basanga ukwizera kwabo kudahagije igihe bahanganye n’ivyago?

⁶ Kworosha inyigisho y’idini kugira ngo umuntu ntababaze ivyiyumvo vyo mu gihe ca none vyoshobora gufasha bamwebamwe mu vy’ukwirinda kutemerwa n’abantu, ariko bituma amamiliyoni y’abaja mu misa basigara bibaza ico bari bwemere. Kubera ico, igihe abo bantu bahanganye n’urupfu, kenshi basanga ukwizera kwabo gucumbagira. Inyifato yabo imeze nk’iy’umugore umwe yabuze abo mu muryango wiwe bahitanywe n’isanganya rikomeye. Igihe bamubaza niba ukwizera kwiwe kwo mu vy’idini kwaramuhumurije, yasubijeyo agonanwa ati: “Niko nibaza.” Ariko naho yari kwishura adakekeranya yuko ukwizera kwiwe mu vy’idini kwamufashije, ivyo vyomugiriye akamaro gaki k’igihe kirekire niba ukwizera kwiwe kudafise ishingiro rikomeye? Ico ni ikintu gihambaye umuntu yokwihweza kubera yuko mu vy’ukuri, ivyo amadini menshi yigisha ku vyerekeye ubuzima bwo muri kazoza bitandukanye cane n’ivyo Bibiliya yigisha.

Ukuntu Abitwa Abakirisu Babona Ivy’Ubuzima bw’Inyuma yo Gupfa

7. (a) Ni inyigisho iyihe amadini menshi ahuriyeko? (b) Umunyatewolojiya umwe yadondoye gute inyigisho yerekeye umushaha (ubugingo) udahwera?

⁷ Naho amadini nka yose y’Abitwa Abakirisu afise ivyo adahuzako, aremeranya yuko abantu bafise ubugingo budahwera bubandanya kubaho iyo umubiri upfuye. Amenshi aremera yuko igihe umuntu apfuye, umushaha wiwe ushobora kuja mw’ijuru. Bamwebamwe baratinya yuko umushaha wabo woshobora kuja mu muriro udahera canke mw’ipurugatori. Ariko iciyumviro c’uko hariho umushaha (ubugingo) udahwera ni ryo shimikiro ry’ukuntu babona ubuzima bwo muri kazoza. Mu vyo yanditse vyasohowe mu gitabu Immortality and Resurrection (Ukudahwera kw’Ubugingo n’Izuka), umunyatewolojiya Oscar Cullmann yaragize ico avuga kuri ivyo. Yanditse ati: “Hamwe twobaza Umukirisu asanzwe muri iki gihe . . . ico yibaza ko Isezerano Rishasha ryigisha ku vyerekeye ibishikira umuntu inyuma yo gupfa, turetse bake cane, abandi bose bokwishura ngo: ‘Ni ukudahwera kw’ubugingo.’ ” Ariko Cullmann yongeyeko ati: “Ico ciyumviro cemewe henshi cane ni kimwe mu bintu bihambaye kuruta Ubukirisu butahura nabi.” Cullmann yabonye yuko igihe yavuga ivyo ari bwo bwa mbere, yatumye abantu bashavura. Ariko yavuze ukuri.

8. Ni icizigiro ikihe Yehova yashize imbere wa mugabo n’umugore ba mbere?

⁸ Yehova Imana ntiyaremeye abantu kuja mw’ijuru bamaze gupfa. Umugambi yari afise mu ntango ntiwari uw’uko bopfuye namba. Adamu na Eva bari baremwe batagira agasembwa kandi bari bahawe akaryo ko kwuzuza isi uruvyaro rugororotse. (Itanguriro 1:28; Gusubira mu Vyagezwe 32:4) Abavyeyi bacu ba mbere bari babwiwe yuko bopfuye igihe gusa bogambarariye Imana. (Itanguriro 2:17) Iyo babandanya kugamburukira Se wo mw’ijuru, bari kubandanya kuba kw’isi ibihe bidashira.

9. (a) Ukuri ku vyerekeye ubugingo bw’umuntu ni ukuhe? (b) Igihe ubugingo bupfuye bibugendera gute?

⁹ Ariko ikibabaje, Adamu na Eva barananiwe kugamburukira Imana. (Itanguriro 3:6, 7) Ingaruka zikomeye vyakweze ziradondorwa n’intumwa Paulo. Agira ati: “Icaha cazanywe mw isi n’umuntu umwe, urupfu rukazanwa n’icaha, ni k’urupfu rushika ku bantu bose, kuko bose bākoze ivyaha.” (Abaroma 5:12) Aho kuba kw’isi ibihe bidashira, Adamu na Eva barapfuye. Ico gihe vyagenze gute? Boba bari bafise ubugingo budahwera bwociye butabwa mu muriro udahera kubera icaha cabo? Ahubwo riho, Bibiliya ivuga yuko imbere yaho, igihe Adamu yaremwa “yabaye ubugingo buzima.” (Itanguriro 2:7, NW) Umuntu ntiyahawe ubugingo; yacitse ubugingo, ni ukuvuga umuntu muzima. (1 Ab’i Korinto 15:45) Mbere, Adamu si we wenyene yari “ubugingo buzima,” ariko nk’uko vyerekanwa mu rurimi rw’Igiheburayo igitabu c’Itanguriro canditswemwo, n’ibikoko ubwavyo vyari ‘ubugingo buzima’! (Itanguriro 1:24) Igihe Adamu na Eva bapfa, bacitse ubugingo bupfuye. Amaherezo, ivyabashikiye vyabaye neza na neza nk’uko Yehova yari yabibwiye Adamu ati: “Kwirirwa urabira akuya ni kwo kuzoguhesha ivyo kurya uz’urinde usubira mw ivu, kukw ari ryo wakūwemwo: ur’umukungugu, kand’umukungugu ni wo uzosubiramwo.”—Itanguriro 3:19.

10, 11. Igitabu New Catholic Encyclopedia cemera iki ku nyigisho ya Bibiliya yerekeye ubugingo, kandi ni gute ivyo bisa n’ivyo Bibiliya ivuga?

¹⁰ Muri rusangi, igitabu New Catholic Encyclopedia ivyo kiravyemera. Mu kiganiro caco kimwe gifise umutwe uvuga ngo “Soul (in the Bible)” (Ubugingo [muri Bibiliya]), kivuga giti: “Mw’[“Isezerano rya Kera,” ari vyo Vyanditswe vy’Igiheburayo], umubiri n’ubugingo si ibintu bibiri bitandukanye.” Kirongerako yuko muri Bibiliya ijambo “ubugingo” “ritigera risobanura ubugingo bwa kintu gitandukanye n’umubiri canke gitandukanye n’umuntu uko yakabaye.” Kukaba nkako, ubugingo kenshi “busobanura ikiremwa ubwaco, caba igikoko canke umuntu.” Ukwo gusobanuka kw’ibintu kureza umutima, ariko gusa umuntu ashobora kwibaza igituma abaja mu misa muri rusangi batamenyeshejwe ivyo bintu vy’ukuri.

¹¹ Ese ukuntu abaja mu misa bari kuba bararinzwe amaganya n’ubwoba iyo bamenya kwa kuri kutagoye kugira guti: “Ubugingo bukora icaha—bwo ubwabwo buzopfa,” ntibuzobabarira mu muriro udahera! (Ezekiyeli 18:4, NW) Mu gihe ivyo binyuranye cane n’ivyo Abitwa Abakirisu bigisha, birajanye neza n’ivyo wa mugabo w’umunyabwenge Salomo yavuze ahumekewe n’Imana ati: “Abariho baba bazi ko bazopfa; arikw abapfuye nta co baba bakizi, kandi nta mpēra baba bakibona [muri ubu buzima]; kuko kwibukwa kwabo kuba kwaramaze kwibagirana. Ikintu cose ukuboko kwawe kwerekeje gukora ugikorane inkomezi zawe; kukw ata gikorwa cank’inama cank’ukumenya cank’ubgenge i kuzimu ah’urāriye kuja.”—Umusiguzi 9:5, 10.

12. Abitwa Abakirisu bakuye he inyigisho yabo yerekeye ubugingo budahwera?

¹² Ni kuki Abitwa Abakirisu bigisha ikintu kinyuranye cane n’ico Bibiliya ivuga? Igitabu New Catholic Encyclopedia, mu kiganiro caco kivuga ngo “Soul, Human, Immortality Of,” (Ukudahwera kw’Ubugingo, kw’Umuntu), kivuga yuko ukwemera ivy’ukudahwera kw’ubugingo kw’Abakuru ba Ekeleziya ba kera batagushingiye kuri Bibiliya ariko ko bagushingiye ku “bapowete n’abafilozofe no ku nkuru mpererekano y’ivyiyumviro vy’Abagiriki vyari bikwiragiye . . . Mu nyuma, abakurikirana ivya filozofiya bahisemwo gukoresha ivyiyumviro vya Pulato canke inyigisho ziva kuri Aristote.” Kivuga yuko “akosho k’ivyiyumviro vya Pulato n’inyigisho nshasha za filozofiya yiwe”—dushizemwo n’ukwemera ivy’ukudahwera kw’ubugingo—amaherezo vyinjijwe “mu ntimatima nyene ya tewolojiya y’Ubukirisu.”

13, 14. Ni kuki bitumvikana ko umuntu yokwizigira kumurikirwa n’abafilozofe b’abapagani b’Abagiriki?

¹³ Vyoba vyari bikwiriye yuko abavuga ko ari Abakirisu bahindukirira abafilozofe b’abapagani b’Abagiriki kugira ngo bige ivyerekeye ikintu ngenderwako, nk’icizigiro c’ubuzima bw’inyuma yo gupfa? Birumvikana ko bitari bikwiriye. Igihe Paulo yandikira Abakirisu baba i Korinto mu Bugiriki, yavuze ati: “Ubgenge bg’iyi si [ni] ubupfu ku Mana. Kuko handitswe, ngw Itegesha abanyabgenge ubugunge bwabo. Kandi ng’Uhoraho arazi ivy’iyumviro vy’abanyabgenge, kandi ko bitagira ikimazi.” (1 Ab’i Korinto 3:19, 20) Abagiriki ba kera bari abantu basenga ibigirwamana. Ni gute none boshoboye kuba isoko ry’ukuri? Paulo yabajije Abanyakorinto ati: “Urusengero rw’Imana ruhūza rute n’ibigirwamana? Kuko twebge tur’urusengero rw’Imana nzima: nk’ukw Imana yavuze, iti Nzogerēra muri bo, nzogendera muri bo, mbe Imana yabo, na bo babe abantu banje.”—2 Ab’i Korinto 6:16.

¹⁴ Ibintu vy’ukuri vyeranda vyabanje kuza birahishurwa biciye kw’ihanga rya Isirayeli. (Abaroma 3:1, 2) Inyuma yo mu 33 G.C., vyahishurwa biciye kw’ishengero ry’Abakirisu basizwe ryo mu kinjana ca mbere. Igihe Paulo yariko aravuga ivyerekeye Abakirisu bo mu kinjana ca mbere, yavuze ati: ‘Imana yabiduhishuriye [ibintu vyateguriwe abayikunda] mu mpwemu yayo.’ (1 Ab’i Korinto 2:10; raba kandi Ivyahishuriwe 1:1, 2.) Inyigisho y’Abitwa Abakirisu yerekeye ukudahwera kw’ubugingo ikomoka kuri filozofiya y’Abagiriki. Ntiyahishuwe biciye ku vyo Imana yahishuriye Isirayeli canke biciye kw’ishengero ry’Abakirisu basizwe ryo mu kinjana ca mbere.

Icizigiro Nyakuri ku Bapfuye

15. Nk’uko Yezu yabivuze, icizigiro nyakuri ku bapfuye ni ikihe?

¹⁵ Niba ubugingo budahwera ata bubaho, icizigiro nyakuri ku bapfuye ni ikihe? Nkako nyene ni izuka, ari yo nyigisho nyamukuru ya Bibiliya ikaba koko ari isezerano ry’akaroruhore Imana yatanze. Yezu yarerekanye ko izuka ari ikintu gishoboka igihe yabwira umugenzi wiwe Marita ati: “Ni jewe kuzuka n’ubu[zima]. Ūnyizera n’iyo yo[pfa], azobaho.” (Yohana 11:25) Kwemera Yezu bisobanura kwemera izuka, ntibisobanura kwemera ubugingo budahwera.

16. Ni kuki kwemera izuka ari ikintu cumvikana?

¹⁶ Imbere yaho Yezu yari yaravuze ivy’izuka igihe yabwira Abayuda batari bake ati: “Ntimutangazwe n’ico; kukw igihe kija kuza, ah’abari mu mva bose bazokwumvira ijwi ryiwe, bakazivamwo.” (Yohana 5:28, 29) Ivyo Yezu ariko aradondora ngaha biratandukanye cane n’ubugingo budahwera bubandanya kubaho igihe umubiri upfuye bugaca buduga mw’ijuru. Ni ‘ukuva’ mu mva kwo muri kazoza kw’abantu bazoba bamaze ibinjana bitari bike canke mbere imyaka ibihumbi bazirimwo. Ni ubugingo bwapfuye buzosubira kuba buzima. None vyoba bidashoboka? Ntivyobura gushobokera Imana “izura abāpfuye, kandi yita ibitariho nk’ibiriho.” (Abaroma 4:17) Abantu bakunda guharira barashobora gutwengera mw’ijigo iciyumviro cerekeye abantu bozuka mu bapfuye, mugabo kirajanye neza n’ivy’uko “Imana [ari] urukundo” hamwe n’uko ari “[iyi]ha impēra abayirondera.”—1 Yohana 4:16; Abaheburayo 11:6.

17. Ni igiki Imana izorangura biciye kw’izuka?

¹⁷ Na kare, Imana yoshoboye gute guha impera abagaragaje ko ari abizerwa “gushitsa ku gupfa” mu gihe itabazuye bagasubira kuba bazima? (Ivyahishuriwe 2:10) Izuka kandi rituma Imana ishobora kurangura ivyo intumwa Yohani yanditse ati: “Icatumye umwana w’Imana ahishurwa ng’iki: n’ukugira ngw asangangure ibikorwa vy’Umurwanizi.” (1 Yohana 3:8) Mw’itongo ryo muri Edeni, Shetani yacitse umwicanyi w’ubwoko muntu bwose uko bungana igihe yasuka abavyeyi bacu ba mbere mu caha n’urupfu. (Itanguriro 3:1-6; Yohana 8:44) Yezu yatanguye gusangangura ibikorwa vya Shetani igihe yatanga ubuzima bwiwe butagira agasembwa bwa ncungu ikwiriye, ivyo bikugururira umuryango w’abantu inzira yo kubohozwa bakava mu buja bw’icaha barazwe biturutse ku kugambarara n’ibigirankana kwa Adamu. (Abaroma 5:18) Izuka ry’abapfa bazize ico gicumuro caturutse kuri Adamu kuzoba ari ukundi gusangangurwa kw’ibikorwa vya Diyabule.

Umubiri n’Ubugingo

18. Abafilozofe b’Abagiriki bamwebamwe bakiriye gute ivyo Paulo yavuze vy’uko Yezu yari yazuwe, kandi ni kuki bavyakiriye gutyo?

¹⁸ Igihe intumwa Paulo yari i Atenayi yaramamaje inkuru nziza ku masinzi yarimwo n’abafilozofe bamwebamwe b’Abagiriki. Barateze amatwi ikiyago yari aremesheje cerekeye Imana imwe rudende y’ukuri hamwe n’akamo yateye ko kwihana. Mugabo haciye haba iki? Paulo yasozereye ijambo yariko arashikiriza mu kuvuga ati: “[Imana] yashinze umusi wo gucirakw isi yose amateka y’ukuri, izoyacisha umuntu yatoranije, kandi yahaye bose ikimenyamenya c’ivyo, mu kumuzura imukūye mu bapfuye.” Ayo majambo yarateye uruyogoyogo. “Bumvise ivy’ukuzuka mu bapfuye, bamwe barishinyira.” (Ivyakozwe 17:22-32) Wa munyatewolojiya Oscar Cullmann avuga ati: “Ku Bagiriki bemera ukudahwera kw’ubugingo bishobora kuba vyari bigoye kwemera inyigisho y’Abakirisu yerekeye izuka kuruta uko vyagora abandi. . . . Inyigisho ya ba bafilozofe bakomeye ari bo Sokarate na Pulato nta buryo na bumwe zishobora guhuzwa n’iy’Isezerano Rishasha.”

19. Abanyatewolojiya b’Abitwa Abakirisu bagerageje gute guhuza inyigisho y’izuka n’iciyumviro c’ubugingo budahwera?

¹⁹ Naho vyari ukwo, inyuma ya bwa buhakanyi bwadutse intumwa zimaze gupfa, abanyatewolojiya barihase kugira bapoperanye inyigisho ya gikirisu y’izuka n’iciyumviro ca Pulato c’ukudahwera kw’ubugingo. Haheze igihe, bamwe baremeye inyishu nshasha, ari yo y’iyi ngo Igihe umuntu apfuye, ubugingo (umushaha) buratandukana n’umubiri (ngo canke burawiyambura). Maze, nk’uko bivugwa n’igitabu Outlines of the Doctrine of the Resurrection (Ibintu bikurubikuru vyo mu Nyigisho y’Izuka) canditswe na R. J. Cooke ku vyerekeye Umusi w’Urubanza, ngo “umubiri wose uzosubira kwungwa ku bugingo bwawo, ubugingo bumwe bwose na bwo bwungwe ku mubiri bwavuyemwo.” Ukwo gusubira kwiyunga kw’umubiri n’ubugingo bwawo budahwera kwo muri kazoza bavuga ko ari ryo zuka.

20, 21. Ni bande bamye nantaryo bigisha ukuri ku vyerekeye izuka, kandi ivyo bavyungukiyeko gute?

²⁰ Iyo nyigisho iracari inyigisho yemewe mu madini makurumakuru. Naho iciyumviro nk’ico gishobora gusa n’icumvikana ku munyatewolojiya, abenshi mu baja mu misa ntibakizi. Ico bemera gusa ni uko ngo bapfuye bazoca bidugira mw’ijuru. Kubera ico, mu nomero y’ikinyamakuru Commonweal yo ku wa 5 Rusama 1995, umwanditsi John Garvey yemeje ati: “Ukwemera kw’Abakirisu benshi [ku vyerekeye ubuzima bw’inyuma yo gupfa] gusa n’ukwegereye cane za nyigisho nshasha za filozofiya ya Pulato kuruta uko kwegereye ikindi kintu ico ari co cose ca gikirisu vy’ukuri, kandi nta shingiro ryo muri Bibiliya gufise.” Nkako, mu kuguza Bibiliya na Pulato, abakuru b’Abitwa Abakirisu barazimanganirije umukuku wabo icizigiro co muri Bibiliya c’izuka.

²¹ Ivyabona vya Yehova bobo baratera akagere filozofiya ya gipagani bakumira ku nyigisho ya Bibiliya yerekeye izuka. Basanga iyo nyigisho yubaka, imara akanyota kandi ihumuriza. Mu biganiro bikurikira, turabona ukuntu iyo nyigisho ya Bibiliya yerekeye izuka ifise ishimikiro rikomeye kandi yumvikana, haba ku bafise icizigiro co kuba kw’isi canke ku bafise icizero co kuzozukira ubuzima bw’ijuru. Mu kwitegurira umwihwezo w’ivyo biganiro, tugusavye gusoma witonze ikigabane ca 15 c’ikete rya mbere ryandikiwe ab’i Korinto.

Woba Wibuka?

◻ Ni kuki dukwiye gutsimbataza ukwizigira izuka gushikamye?

◻ Ni icizero ikihe Yehova yashize imbere Adamu na Eva?

◻ Ni kuki kuronderera ukuri muri filozofiya y’Abagiriki ari ibitumvikana?

◻ Ni kuki kwizigira izuka ari ikintu cumvikana?

[Ifoto ku rup. 18]

Igihe abavyeyi bacu ba mbere bacumura, baratakaje icizigiro c’ubuzima budahera ngaha kw’isi