Ni Kuki Ariko Asaba Ikigongwe?

ICIYUMVIRO c’uko amasengero akwiye kwigaya amakosa yakoze hanyuma akisubirako si gishasha. Igitabu c’inzinduzi y’ivy’idini imwe citwa Religioni e miti (Amadini n’Ibitito), ivuga yuko ivyiswe ukutadohoka kwa ekeleziya ya mbere vyakwegereye abantu muri vya Bihe Ncahagati hanyuma biratuma abatari bake basaba ko ibintu vyosubirwamwo.

Mu 1523, inyuma y’aho Martin Luther yiyonkoreye kuri Roma, Pāpa Diriyano wa VI yaragerageje kugarura ubumwe mu kurungikira ubu butumwa Inama y’Abakuru i Nuremberg: “Turazi neza ko ibintu bikwiye kwankwa urunuka bimaze imyaka myinshi vyirundanya iruhande y’Icicaro Gitagatifu . . . Tuzokoresha ubwira bwose kugirango imbere ya vyose dusubiremwo bundi busha Amasengero ya Roma, guhera kumbure aho ivyo bibi vyose vyaturutse.” Yamara ukwo kwiyemerera amakosa ntikwerewe mu vyo gutorera umuti amacakubiri canke mu vyo kurwanya ibiturire mu Masengero ayobowe na pāpa.

Vuba ubuheruka, amasengero yaracishijwemwo ijisho kubera yinumiye igihe ca kwa Gutikizwa kw’Abayahudi. Yaranarezwe ko atabujije abayarimwo kugira uruhara mu ntambara. Mu 1941, igihe Intambara ya II y’Isi Yose yariko ibica bigacika, hari umupadiri yitwa Primo Mazzolari yabajije ati: “Ni kuki Roma ataco yakoze bimwe bikomeye ngo irwanye isenyuka ry’ivya Gatolika nk’uko yahora ibigira, ari na kwo nyene imenyereye kubigira, mu vyerekeye inyigisho zikwega ibara buhoro?” Mbega izo ni inyigisho zokwega ibara buhoro gusumba izihe? Uwo mupadiri yariko avuga ivya kwa kwiratira igihugu c’amavukiro kwandurutsa intambara, ico gihe kukaba kwariko gusenyura isirimuka.

Ariko mu vy’ukuri, gushika nka vuba ejobundi, ivy’ukwiyemerera ikibi kw’amadini cari ikintu kidasanzwe kigirwa. Mu 1832, mu kwishura bamwebamwe mu bariko bahimiriza Ekeleziya Gatolika ngo ‘yiyubure,’ Geregori wa XVI yavuze ati: “Biragaragara ko ari ikintu kitumvikana kandi gitukisha, gusaba ko haba ivy’ ‘ukwisubiza umutamana no kwiyubura’ kugirango [ekeleziya] itekanirwe kandi itere imbere, nka kumwe umengo yoba ikwiye kubonwa nk’iyitobura gukosa.” None ya makosa yibonekeza cane ku buryo atohakanwa yoyo bite? Hariho amayeri atari amwe yěmewe gukoreshwa kugirango bisigurwe yuko ayo makosa atari yo. Nk’akarorero, hariho abanyatewolojiya bamwebamwe bagumije iciyumviro c’uko ekeleziya igize kuba ntagatifu na nyacaha. Urwo rwego ubwarwo ruvugwa ko ari rutagatifu—yuko ngo Imana irukingira ikosa. Mugabo abarurimwo ni abanyacaha. Gutyo rero, igihe hari ibintu vy’agacamutima bikozwe kw izina rya ekeleziya, yo ubwayo ngo ntikwiye kuvyagirizwa, ahubwo ngo bikwiye kwagirizwa abari muri yo. Ivyo vyoba bisa n’ivyumvikana? Emwe, atari ku Munyatewolojiya Hans Küng w’Umugatolika, uwiyandikiye ati: “Nta Keleziya yoza itungana kuruta uko isi y’abantu imeze.” Yarasiguye ati: “Ekeleziya itagira ibicumuro vyo kwirega ntibaho.”

Ubumwe bw’Amadini n’Ivy’Ukuboneka Runtu

Hari aho wokwibaza ivyabaye vyatumye amadini asaba ikigongwe ubu. Ubwa mbere hoho, Abaporotisanti n’Aborotodogisi bariyemereye ko bomerwa n’ “amacakubiri yabayeho mu gihe cahise” mu madini atandukanye. Ivyo babigize mu nama mpuzamadini yitiriwe “Ukwizera n’Urutonde” yagiriwe i Lausanne mu Busuwisi, mu 1927. Ekeleziya Gatolika ya Roma amaherezo yarakurikiye akarorero kabo. Canecane kuva kuri Vatikano ya II,a abungere bakurubakuru ba Ekeleziya, dushizemwo abapāpa, barasavye ikigongwe ubudahengeshanya kubera amacakubiri yibereye mu Bitwa Abakirisu. Babigirana uwuhe mugambi? Umengo bashaka ko harushiriza kubaho ubumwe mu Bitwa Abakirisu. Nicolino Sarale, umutohozakahise wa Gatolika, yavuze ko mu “mugambi w’ivya ‘mea culpa’ [wa Yohani Paulo wa II] harimwo amayeri, na yo ni uko habaho ubumwe bw’amadini.”

Ariko rero, si ukurondera ubumwe bw’amadini vyonyene. Muri iki gihe, ibiterasoni vyakozwe n’Abitwa Abakirisu muri kahise birazwi cane. Umunyatewolojiya Hans Urs von Balthasar avuga ati: “Gatolika ntiyoshobora gupfa kwiyibagiza ako kahise kose. Ekeleziya nyene [pāpa] arimwo yarakoze canke iremera ko hakorwa ibintu tutoshobora vy’ukuri kwemera muri ino misi.” Ku bw’ico, pāpa yaragennye umugwi wo “gusobanura ibibi bivugwa kuri ekeleziya kugirango . . . ikigongwe gishobore gusabwa.” Iyindi mpamvu rero ituma ekeleziya ishaka kuja mu vyo kwisuzuma, biboneka ko ari icipfuzo c’uko yosubira kuboneka runtu.

Muri ubwo buryo nyene, umutohozakahise Alberto Melloni, igihe yagira ico avuze ku vy’ugusaba ikigongwe kwa ekeleziya, yanditse ati: “Mu vy’ukuri, rimwe na rimwe usanga ico basaba ari ugukurwako ibirego vy’ivyo bagirizwa.” Egome, Ekeleziya Gatolika isa n’iyiriko iragerageza kwikunkumura uwo mutwaro w’ivyaha yakoze kera kugirango igarure izina ryiza yari ifise mu bantu. Ariko tuvugishije ukuri kuzima, ntitwobura kuvuga ko bisa n’uko irajwe ishinga canecane n’uko yogiranira amahoro n’isi kuruta kuyagiranira n’Imana.

Inyifato nk’iyo iratwibutsa Sauli, wa mwami wa mbere wa Isirayeli. (1 Samweli 15:1-12) Yarakoze ikosa ribabaje, hanyuma aho rishiriwe ahabona atangura kwikurayo—yikurako nya kosa ryiwe—imbere ya Samweli, umuhanuzi mwizerwa w’Imana. (1 Samweli 15:13-21) Amaherezo, uwo mwami yabwirijwe kwiyemerera imbere ya Samweli ati: “Naracumuye, kuko ntumviye icagezwe c’Uhoraho.” (1 Samweli 15:24, 25) Egome, yariyemereye ikosa yakoze. Ariko amajambo yabwiye Samweli mu nyuma aragaragaza ivyabogaboga mu muzirikanyi wiwe ivyo ari vyo: “Naracumuye; yamara none ndakwinginze, untere itēka imbere y’abakuru bo mu bantu banje n’imbere y’Abisirayeli.” (1 Samweli 15:30) Bisa n’uko Sauli yari arajwe ishinga n’icubahiro yari afise muri Isirayeli kuruta ugusubiza hamwe n’Imana. Iyo nyifato ntiyatumye Imana igirira ikigongwe Sauli. Woba wibaza ko inyifato nk’iyo izotuma Imana igirira ikigongwe amasengero?

Bose Ntibavyumvikanako

Si bose bemera ko amasengero akwiye gusaba ikigongwe ku mugaragaro. Nk’akarorero, hariho Abagatolika ba Roma batari bake bumva bagize isoni igihe pāpa wabo asavye ikigongwe kubera ubuja bwahabaye, canke igihe asubije agateka abiswe “abahakanyi” nka Hus na Kalvin. Dukurikije amasoko ntangamakuru y’i Vatikano, rwa rwandiko rwarungikirwa abakaradinali rwo gusaba “isuzumwa ry’ijwi ryo mu mutima” ku vyabaye mu myaka igihumbi iheze y’idini ya Gatolika, rwaraneguwe n’abakaradinali bitavye inama ibahuza yagizwe muri Ruheshi 1994. Ariko na hone igihe pāpa yashaka gushira ico ciyumviro mw ibaruwa yandikirwa abasenyeri, Karadinali w’Umutaliyano Giacomo Biffi yarasohoye ikete rya cungere, muri ryo aremeza ibi: “Ekeleziya nta caha igira.” Yamara rero iki yaracemeye: “Gusaba ikigongwe kubera amakosa yakozwe na ekeleziya mu binjana vyahise, . . . vyoshobora gutuma turabwa ribi buhoro.”

Umusobanuzi Luigi Accattoli avuga ati: “Ukwirega ivyaha ni kimwe mu bintu bivyura amahani muri Ekeleziya Gatolika. Mu gihe pāpa yemeye amakosa y’abamisiyoneri, hariho abamisiyoneri vy’ukuri bibabaza.” Vyongeye, hari umumenyeshamakuru wa Gatolika ya Roma yanditse ati: “Niba pāpa vy’ukuri atinya ivyo Ekeleziya yakoze mu gihe cahise, biragoye gutahura ukuntu ubu ashobora kwerekana iyo Ekeleziya nyene nk’imburanizi y’ ‘agateka ka zina muntu,’ nk’ ‘umuvyeyi n’umwigisha’ ashoboye wenyene kuyobora umuryango w’abantu awuganisha kuri milenari igira gatatu y’akezamutima vy’ukuri.”

Bibiliya iragabisha ku vyerekeye ukuboneka nk’uwigaye kudatewe n’ikindi atari ibimaremare vy’uko umuntu aba yafatiwe mu kibi. Ukwigaya mwen’ukwo ni gake gutuma muri nyakwigaya haba ihinduka riramba. (Gereranya na 2 Ab’i Korinto 7:8-11.) Ukwigaya gufise agaciro mu nyonga z’Imana kujana n’ ‘ivyamwa bikwiranye n’ukwihana’—ni ukuvuga, ikimenyamenya cerekana ko ukwo kwigaya kuvuye ku mutima.—Luka 3:8, Ubwuzure Bushasha.

Bibiliya ivuga ko uwigaye kandi akirega ategerezwa guheba nya bikorwa bibi, agahagarika kubikora. (Imigani 28:13) None ivyo vyoba vyarakozwe? Mbega hoho, inyuma y’ukwo kwirega ibibi kwose kwa Ekeleziya Gatolika ya Roma hamwe n’ayandi masengero, ni ibiki vyashitse mu ndyane z’abanyagihugu ziheruka muri Afirika yo hagati no mu Buraya bw’Ubuseruko, aho abanyagihugu indiri b’ “Abakirisu” bagiye muri zo? Mbega amasengero yoba yarakoze nk’inguvu nzanaciza? Mbega indongozi zayo zose zoba zarahurikiye hamwe ngo ziyamirize vya bintu vy’agacamutima abari muri yo bǎriko bakora? Oya. Mbere, hariho n’abakozi b’ivy’idini bagize uruhara muri ubwo bwicanyi!

Urubanza rw’Imana

Igihe Karadinali Biffi yariko aravuga ivya mea culpa pāpa aguma asubiramwo, yarabajije atwengera mw ijigo ati: “Burya ku vyerekeye ivyaha vyakozwe mu gihe cahise, mbega ntivyoba vyiza twese turorereye urubanza ruzocirwa isi n’ijuru?” Emwe, urubanza rw’abantu bose rwo ruri hafi. Yehova Imana arazi neza ibintu vyose bibi vyakozwe n’idini mu gihe cahise. Vuba cane, abo vyomera bose agiye kubibabaza. (Ivyahishuriwe 18:4-8) Mu kurindira, vyoba bishoboka ko umuntu atora uburyo bwo gusenga butandujwe no kwagirwa n’amaraso, ukwinubana kurangwa n’ubwicanyi, hamwe n’ubundi bukozi bw’ikibi buriko butuma amasengero y’Abitwa Abakirisu yisabira imbabazi? Egome.

Twoshobora kubutora dute? Mu gushira mu ngiro iyi ngingo yavuzwe na Yezu Kirisitu: “Muzobamenyera ku vyo bama.” Ibizwi vyabaye muri kahise, ivyo amadini amwamwe ashaka ko vyibagiranwa, biradufasha kumenya atari gusa abo Yezu yise “abīgira abavugishwa n’Imana” ariko kandi abamye “ivyiza.” (Matayo 7:15-20) Abo ni bande? Turagutumiye ngo uvyiyuburire ubwawe, mu gusuzumira hamwe Bibiliya n’Ivyabona vya Yehova. Heza rero urabe muri iki gihe abagerageza vy’ukuri gukurikira Ijambo ry’Imana abo ari bo, aho kurondera kwigumiriza ikibanza n’ububasha umuntu afise mw isi.—Ivyakozwe 17:11.

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Amasengero ariko asaba imbabazi kubera amabi nk’aya yakoze?

[Abo dukesha ifoto]

The Complete Encyclopedia of Illustration/J. G. Heck