Wewe Woba Uri Uwutihebura Canke Uwihebura?

“CARI co gihe ciza kuruta ibihe vyose, cari co gihe kibi kuruta ibihe vyose, . . . kari akezamutima, kari akavunamutima, tworonse vyose, twobuze vyose.” Ayo majambo atangura y’igitabu c’akamaze canditswe na Charles Dickens co mu mvugo iryoheje citwa A Tale of Two Cities (Umugani w’Ibisagara Bibiri), mu buryo bw’ubuhanga arahushanya ukuntu ibiba bishobora kunyengetera ukwiyumvira kwacu, inyiyumvo zacu, hamwe n’uburyo tubona ibintu.

Ivyo bisagara bibiri bivugwa ngaho vyari Londres na Paris mu gihe c’uruhagarara rwa rya Hinduka ryo mu Bufaransa. Ku banyagihugu bari bakandamijwe mu Bufaransa bwo mu kinjana ca 18, itangazo ryerekeye agateka ka zina muntu ryashikirijwe muri iryo hinduka, mu vy’ukuri ryari “akezamutima.” Ariko ku bantu b’intwaro yari ihasanzwe ari yo ntwaro ya gipolitike yari ku mushiro, kari “akavunamutima,” bikaba vyotumye hagira abapfa n’ivyononekara.

Wewe none wari kuba uwutihebura canke uwihebura? Vyose vyari kuva ku ruhande uriko. N’ubu ni ukwo bimeze.

Igihe co Kwisuzuma

Woba uri uwutihebura? Woba uraba uruhande rutera icizero rw’ubuzima, ukama witeze ibintu vyiza birushirije? Canke woba uhengamiye ku kuba uwihebura, ukama ubona ko mu vyo witeze ata kizovamwo, ukaba uwizigira kubona ivyiza birushirije ariko ico gihe nyene ukitega ko ibintu bidabuka?

Ubu haraciye imyaka 60 umwanditsi w’ibitabu vy’inkuru z’indemano, James Branch Cabell, aciye ku mayange ivyo vyiyumviro bibiri binyuranye, muri ubu buryo: “Uwutihebura amenyesha ko tubayeho mw isi nziza y’akataraboneka; uwihebura na we agatinya ko bimera gutyo.” Niba wibaza ko ahubwo ukubona ibintu muri ubwo buryo ari ugutuma umuntu yihebura, nuce irya n’ino imice itatu gusa y’isi ya kino gihe nk’uko ishikirijwe aha hepfo. Maze urabe uko wewe wovyifatamwo, hanyuma wibaze uti ‘Noba ndi uwutihebura canke uwihebura?’

Amahoro Aramba: Ni imihingo ingahe wodondagura irimwo imidurumbanyo kuri iyi si? Irilande, ahahoze ari Yugosilaviya, mu Buseruko Ncahagati, mu Burundi, mu Rwanda—aho ntihateba kuza mu bwenge. Mbega izo ndwano hamwe n’izindi zoba zizokwigera zitorerwa umuti kugirango habeho amahoro y’intahava kw isi hose? Isi yoba iganishijwe ku mahoro?

Ugutekana kw’Ivy’Ubutunzi: Naho ibihugu vy’Ubumwe bw’Abanyaburaya vyizigiye ko mu 1999 bizoba bifise ubumwe bw’ifaranga, bihanganye n’ingorane bimwe bikomeye ziturutse ku kuduga kw’ibiciro hamwe no ku kwaka ingurane abanyagihugu. Ahandi hantu, ukurya ruswa kurakuguta ivy’ubutunzi bw’ibihugu vyinshi vya Amerika na Afirika, aho iduga ry’ibiciro ryikoreza umutwaro usa n’uwudashoboka, ingorane z’ivy’amoko na zo zikaba zigitera amacakubiri. Ugutekana kw’ivy’ubutunzi bw’isi kwoba kuri hafi cane none?

Ubushomeri: Mw itora ry’abanyagihugu ryabaye mu 1997, amasengero yo mu Bwongereza yaragiye hamwe ngo ahimirize imigambwe yose ya gipolitike kugirango mu vyo yihweza hashirwe imbere ivy’ukuronsa akazi abantu bose bashoboye gukora. Ariko ko mu bashoboye gukora bahari mw isi abangana nka 30 kw ijana batagira akazi canke bakaba bakora ak’inticantikize, ubwo hoshobora kuboneka akazi karamba, gahagije—na canecane ku rwaruka?

Ewe kuntu vyoroshe kwumva umuntu yihebuye! Yamara hariho impamvu y’ukwizera, tukaba tugutumiye ngo urimbure ukuntu bishoboka ko wotsimbataza ukubona ibintu mu buryo butihebuza.

[Ifoto ku rup. 3]

Rya Hinduka ryo mu Bufaransa

[Abo dukesha ifoto]

Bivuye mu gitabu Pictorial History of the World