Ubufandamentali—Buyini?
BAQALAPHI ubufandamentali? Ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, izazi zenkolo ezinemiqondo evulekile zazishintsha izinkolelo zazo ukuze zivumelane nokucusumbulwa kweBhayibheli nezinkolelo-mbono zesayensi, ezinjengokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Umphumela waba ukuzanyazanyiswa kwethemba labantu eBhayibhelini. Abaholi benkolo abangayamukeli imibono emisha e-United States basabela ngokumisa lokho abakubiza ngokuthi izisekelo zokholo.a Ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, banyathelisa ingxoxo ngalezi zisekelo ochungechungeni lwemiqulu enesihloko esithi The Fundamentals: A Testimony to the Truth. Igama elithi “fundamentalism” (ubufandamentali) livela kulesi sihloko.
Engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu lama-20 leminyaka, ubufandamentali babuba sematheni ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-1925, abalandeli bobufandamentali abathanda inkolo bamangalela uthisha wesikole okuthiwa uJohn Scopes waseTennessee, e-U.S.A. kulokho okwaqanjwa ngokuthi icala likaScopes. Laliyini icala lakhe? Wayefundisa ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo, kanti lokho kwakuphambene nomthetho wezwe. Ngalezo zinsuku, abanye babekholelwa ukuthi ubufandamentali babuyohlala isikhashana. Ngo-1926, i-Christian Century, umagazini wamaProthestani, yathi “buyize nodwadwa” futhi “buzintula ngokuphelele izimfanelo ezidingekayo ukuze bufeze izinto ezakhayo noma buqhubeke isikhathi eside.” Yeka ukuthi kwakunephutha kangakanani lokho kucabanga!
Kusukela ngawo-1970, ubufandamentali bebulokhu busezindabeni. UProfesa Miroslav Volf, we-Fuller Theological Seminary, eCalifornia, e-U.S.A., uthi: “Ubufandamentali abuzange bugcine ngokuqhubeka isikhathi eside, kodwa futhi buye bachuma.” Namuhla, igama elithi “ubufandamentali” alisebenzi ezinhlanganweni zobuProthestani kuphela kodwa nakwezezinye izinkolo, ezinjengobuKatolika, iNkolo YamaSulumane, eyobuJuda nobuHindu.
Bubangelwa Yizikhathi Zethu
Kungani ubufandamentali banda? Labo abacwaninga ngabo bathi, okungenani ngokwengxenye, bubangelwa ukuntengantenga kokuziphatha nokungokwenkolo ezikhathini zethu. Eminyakeni edlule imiphakathi eminingi yayiphila esimweni esinokuziphatha okugxilile okusekelwe ezinkolelweni ezingamasiko. Manje lezo zinkolelo zibekelwa inselele noma zilahlwe. Ongqondongqondo abaningi bagomela ngokuthi akekho uNkulunkulu nangokuthi umuntu uyedwa endaweni engenakho ukukhathalela. Ososayensi abaningi bafundisa ukuthi umuntu uwumphumela wokuziphendukela kwemvelo okwenzeka ngenhlanhla, hhayi wezenzo zoMdali onothando. Kudlange indlela yokucabanga eyekelelayo. Izwe lihlushwa ukulahleka kwezindinganiso zokuziphatha kuzo zonke izigaba zomphakathi.—2 Thimothewu 3:4, 5, 13.
Abalandeli bobufandamentali balangazelela isandla esiqinile sakudala, futhi abanye babo balwela ukubuyisela imiphakathi nezizwe zabo kulokho abakholelwa ukuthi izisekelo zokuziphatha nezemfundiso ezifanele. Benza konke okusemandleni abo ukuba baphoqelele abanye ukuba baphile ngesimiso “esilungile” sokuziphatha nesezinkolelo eziyizimfundiso. Umlandeli wobufandamentali uqiniseka ngokugcwele ukuthi yena akekho ephutheni kodwa abanye abasephutheni. UProfesa James Barr, encwadini yakhe ethi Fundamentalism, uthi elithi ubufandamentali “ngokuvamile libhekwa njengegama elihambisana nokulwa nokwedelela, elisikisela ukuba nengqondo engasabalele, ukunamathela ngenkani emibonweni, ukungavumelani nokwanda kolwazi nokungamukeli mibono ehlukile.”
Njengoba engekho umuntu othanda ukubizwa ngokuthi unengqondo engasabalele, unamathela ngenkani emibonweni, noma ngokuthi akamukeli mibono ehlukile, abantu abavumelani bonke ngokuthi ubani ongumlandeli wobufandamentali nongeyena. Nokho, kunezici ezithile ezibonakala kubufandamentali obungokwenkolo.
Ukubona Umlandeli Wobufandamentali
Ubufandamentali obungokwenkolo ngokuvamile buwumzamo wokulondoloza lokho okukholelwa ukuthi kungamasiko noma izinkolelo ezingokwenkolo zokuqala zomphakathi nowokuphikisana nalokho okubhekwa njengomoya wezwe. Lokhu akusho ukuthi abalandeli bobufandamentali baphikisana nazo zonke izinto eziyisimanje. Abanye bazisebenzisa kakhulu izindlela zokuxhumana zesimanje ukuze bathuthukise umbono wabo. Kodwa bamelene nokwenziwa komphakathi ugxile ezintweni zezwe.b
Abanye abalandeli bobufandamentali abazimisele nje kuphela ukuzilondolozela isimo esingokwesiko sezimfundiso noma indlela ethile yokuphila kodwa futhi nokuphoqelela nabanye ukuba bakwenze, ukushintsha isimo somphakathi ukuze sivumelane nezinkolelo zabalandeli bobufandamentali. Ngakho-ke, umlandeli wobufandamentali ongumKatolika ngeke agcine ngokungavumelani nokukhishwa kwezisu. Angase aze acindezele abashayi bemithetho bezwe lakubo ukuba bamise imithetho evimbela ukukhishwa kwezisu. EPoland, ngokwephephandaba i-Repubblica, ukuze lenze umthetho ovimbela ukukhishwa kwezisu ugunyazwe, iSonto LamaKatolika labamba “‘impi’ elalisebenzisa kuyo wonke amandla nethonya lalo.” Lapho zenza kanjalo, iziphathimandla zesonto zazenza ngendlela efanayo neyabalandeli bobufandamentali. I-Protestant Christian Coalition e-United States ilwa “izimpi” ezifanayo.
Abalandeli bobufandamentali baphawuleka ikakhulukazi ngezinkolelo zabo ezingokwenkolo ezigxilile. Ngakho, umlandeli wobufandamentali ongumProthestani uba ummeleli oqinisekayo wokuchazwa kweBhayibheli njengoba linjalo, cishe kuhlanganise nenkolelo yokuthi umhlaba wadalwa ngezinsuku eziyisithupha ezingokoqobo. Umlandeli wobufandamentali ongumKatolika akangabazi ukuthi upapa akanakwenza phutha.
Khona-ke, kuyaqondakala ukuthi kungani igama elithi “ubufandamentali” lakha umbono wokushiseka ngokweqile okungenangqondo nokuthi kungani labo abangebona abalandeli bobufandamentali bekhathazeka lapho bebona ubufandamentali banda. Njengabantu ngabanye, singase singavumelani nabalandeli bobufandamentali futhi angase asishaqise amaqhinga abo ezombangazwe nezenzo zabo eziba nobudlova ngezinye izikhathi. Empeleni, izenzo zabalandeli bobufandamentali benkolo ethile zingase zibethuse abenye inkolo! Noma kunjalo, abantu abaningi abacabangayo bakhathazekile ngezinto ezibangela ukwanda kobufandamentali—ukunganaki okwandayo ekuziphatheni, ukuphela kokholo nokunqatshwa kwezinto ezingokomoya emphakathini wesimanje.
Ingabe ubufandamentali buwukuphela kwendlela yokusabela kulokhu kuthambekela? Uma kungenjalo, iyiphi enye ekhona?
[Imibhalo yaphansi]
a Lokho okuthiwa amaPhuzu Amahlanu Obufandamentali, okwachazwa ngo-1895, yilokhu “(1) ukuphefumulelwa ngokuphelele nokungabi naphutha komBhalo; (2) ubunkulunkulu bukaJesu Kristu; (3) ukuzalwa kukaKristu yincasakazi; (4) inhlawulo kaKristu eyenanayo esiphambanweni; (5) ukuvuswa ngokomzimba nokubuya kwesibili kukaKristu ngokoqobo emhlabeni.”—Studi di teologia (Izifundo Zemfundiso Yenkolo).
b “Ukwenziwa ugxile ezintweni zezwe” kusho ukugcizelelwa kwezinto zezwe, hhayi izinto ezingokomoya noma ezingcwele. Okwezwe akuphathelene nenkolo noma izinkolelo ezingokwenkolo.
[Amazwi acashunwe esihlokweni ekhasini 5]
Ngo-1926 umagazini wamaProthestani wachaza ubufandamentali ngokuthi “buyize nodwadwa” futhi “buzintula ngokuphelele izimfanelo ezidingekayo ukuze bufeze izinto ezakhayo noma buqhubeke isikhathi eside”