Isifebe Esinyanyekayo—Ukuwa Kwaso

“Liwile, liwile iBabiloni elikhulu, eliphuzisé izizwe zonke iwayini lolaka lobufebe halo.”—ISAMBULO 14:8.

Lesihloko nesilandelayo zazakha inkulumo yokuphetha yochungechunge olwalunesihloko esathi “Isikhathi Esimisiwe Siseduze,” olwanikezwa ngo-1988 eMihlanganweni Yesigodi YoFakazi BakaJehova Yokulunga Kwaphezulu

1. Singubani “isifebe” esinyanyekayo, futhi kungani kudingeka sazi ngaso?

“ISIFEBE” esinyanyekayo—singubani? Kungani kudingeka sikhulume ngaso? Ingabe amanoveli avusa inkanuko, amabhayisikobho, iTV, namavideo akuvezi ukuziphatha okubi okunengekayo esesanele yikho? Yiqiniso! Kodwa lesi akusona isifebe esivamile. Eqinisweni, siyisifebe esinethonya kakhulu, esinedumela elibi kakhulu, nesingumbulali omkhulu kuwo wonke umlando. Futhi besithengisa ngobulili baso iminyaka engaphezu kwezi-4 000! Sidinga ukwazi ngaso ukuze sivikeleke. KusAmbulo 14:8, ingelosi yasezulwini Ibiza lowesifazane onedumela elibi ngokuthi “IBabiloni Elikhulu” futhi imchaza ngokuthi umyengi wezizwe. Njengoba eyingozi kangako, kufanele sijabule ukwazi ukuthi ‘siseduze isikhathi [esimisiwe, NW]’ sikaJehova sokukhipha isahlulelo kuye.—IsAmbulo 1:3.

2. Silithathaphi lesifebe igama laso, futhi umbuso wezwe wenkolo yamanga waqala kanjani?

² Lesifebe igama laso silithola eBabiloni lasendulo, umuzi oqhoshayo owamiswa eMesopotamiya eminyakeni engaphezu kwezi-4 000 edlule nguNimrode, ‘iphisi elinamandla ebusweni bukaJehova.’ Lapho abaseBabiloni beqala ukwakha umbhoshongo wenkolo yobuqaba, uJehova wasanganisa ulimi lwabo futhi wabasakazela emaphethelweni omhlaba. Bahamba nenkolo yabo, futhi waqala kanjalo umbuso wezwe wenkolo yobuBabiloni. Ngempela, uyiBabiloni ELIKHULU. (Genesise 10:8-10; 11:1-9) Kuze kube sesikhathini sethu, izimfihlakalo zaseBabiloni lasendulo ziyabonakala ezinkolelweni nasemikhubeni yezinkolo zezwe. (IsAmbulo 17:7) Igama lesiHeberu lalomuzi, iBabele, lisho “Ukusangana,” okuyigama elifanelekayo lengxubevange yanamuhla yenkolo yamanga!

3. (a) IBabiloni lababamba isikhathi eside kangakanani abantu bakaNkulunkulu njengabathunjwa, libasondeza eduze kwani? (b) IBabiloni lawa kabuhlungu nini, futhi kungani ukuphela kwalo kungazange kufike ngalesosikhathi?

³ IBabiloni lasendulo lalulama kulokho kuwa kokuqala, futhi ngokunqoba iAsiriya ngo-632 B.C.E., laba umbuso wezwe wesithathu womlando weBhayibheli. Inkazimulo yalo njengombuso wezwe yaba eyesikhashana—iminyaka engaphansi kweyikhulu—kodwa eminyakeni ethi ayibe ngama-70 yaleyominyaka, laligcine abantu bakaNkulunkulu amaIsrayeli bengabathunjwa. Lokhu kwabasondeza eduze namathempeli namasonto ayizinkulungwane aseBabiloni, onkulunkulu halo abangoziqu-zintathu nodeveli abangoziqu-zintathu, ukukhulekela kwalo umama nendodana, nokufunda kwalo izinkanyezi okwakudumisa onkulunkulu okwakuthiwa abafi. Kanjalo, amaIsrayeli angabathunjwa ayekhona esikhungweni sezwe senkolo yamanga, lapho, ngo-539 B.C.E., umuzi waseBabiloni uwa kabuhlungu. Kodwa ukuphela kwalo kwakungakafiki! Abanqobi balo baqhubeka belisebenzisa njengesikhungo senkolo sodumo.

Umbuso Ongokwenkolo Wembulunga Yonke

4. (a) Yini abaprofethi bakaJehova abayimemezela ngokuqondene neBabiloni, futhi yini eyenzeka eBabiloni? (b) Yiliphi elinye iBabiloni elisaphila, okuyingozi kubantu bomhlaba?

⁴ Abaprofethi bakaJehova babesimemezele isahlulelo sakhe sokuthi iBabiloni kumelwe lishanelwe “ngomshanelo wencithakalo”—”njengokuchitha kukaNkulunkulu iSodoma neGomora.” Ingabe lezoziprofetho kamuva zagcwaliseka? Yebo, ngayo yonke imininingwane yazo! Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, iBabiloni lasendulo laba inqwaba yemvithimvithi—lingahlalwa-muntu ngaphandle kwezilwane ezihuquzelayo nezilo zasendle—njengoba nje kwakubikezelwe! (Isaya 13:9, 19-22; 14:23; Jeremiya 50:35, 38-40) Nokho, lelo elinye iBabiloni, iBabiloni Elikhulu losuku lwanamuhla, lisaphila. Njengombuso wezwe wenkolo yamanga, liqhubekisela phambili izimfundiso zeBabiloni lokuqala nomoya wokuqhosha. Liyithuluzi likaSathane eliyinhloko lokuphuphuthekisa abantu bangaziboni izinjongo zoMbuso kaJehova.—2 Korinte 4:3, 4.

5. (a) Yiziphi izinkolo ezavela lapho iBabiloni lidlondlobele ngenkazimulo yalo, kodwa kungani uSathane engazange aphumelele ekumbozeni izwe lonke ngenkolo yamanga? (b) USathane wayisebenzisa kanjani inkolo yamanga ngemva kokungeniswa kobuKristu?

⁵ Cishe ngekhulu lesithupha leminyaka ngaphambi kukaKristu, lapho umbuso wezwe waseBabiloni wawudlondlobele ngenkazimulo yawo, izinkolo zobuHindu, ubuBuddha, ubuConfucian, nobuShinto nazo zaqala ukuvelela. Kodwa ingabe uSathane waphumelela ekumbozeni umhlaba wonke ngenkolo yamanga? Cha, ngoba insali yofakazi bakaJehova basendulo yabuyela eJerusalema ivela eBabiloni ukuze imise kabusha ukukhulekelwa kukaJehova. Kanjalo, amaJuda athembekile ayekhona lapho, eminyakeni engamakhulu ayisithupha kamuva, ukuze amukele uMesiya futhi abe ngamalungu okuqala ebandla lobuKristu. Inkolo yamanga yabangela ukufel’ ukholo kweNdodana kaNkulunkulu siqu futhi yaba ithuluzi likaSathane lokuphikisa ubuKristu beqiniso, njengoba nje uJesu nabaphostoli bakhe babexwayisile.—Mathewu 7:15; IzEnzo 20:29, 30; 2 Petru 2:1.

6. (a) USathane wazonakalisa kanjani izimfundiso zobuKristu, futhi yiziphi izimfundiso ezenyelisa uNkulunkulu ezavela? (b) Yini eyenzeka ezinkulungwaneni ezazikhetha iqiniso leBhayibheli kunemfundiso engaphikiswa yobuBabiloni?

⁶ Ikakhulukazi kungemva kokubhujiswa kwesibili kweJerusalema ngo-70 C.E., lapho uSathane asebenzisa khona abaphostoli bamanga ukuze onakalise izimfundiso zobuKristu, ezihlanganisa nezimfihlakalo zaseBabiloni nefilosofi yezwe yamaGreki. Kanjalo, ‘umthathu emunye waphezulu,’ uZiqu-zintathu, wafakwa esikhundleni ‘sikaJehova oyedwa’ weBhayibheli. (Duteronomi 6:4; Marku 12:29; 1 Korinte 8:5, 6) Futhi imfundiso yokungafi komphefumulo womuntu, njengoba yayifundiswa isazi sefilosofi esiyiqaba uPlato, yafakwa ukuze iphikise izimfundiso zeBhayibheli eziyigugu zesihlengo sikaKristu novuko. Lokhu kwavula indlela yokukholelwa esihogweni somlilo nasesihlanzweni esingashisi. (IHubo 89:48; Hezekeli 18:4, 20) Izimfundiso ezinjalo ezenyelisa uNkulunkulu ezisizakala ngokwesaba kwabantu ziye zasiza ekugcwaliseni amabhokisi eminikelo amasonto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinsukwini zokuQulwa Kwamacala Ezihlubuki nezeNguquko, abefundisi abakwazanga ukulindela ukuba amalangabi esihogo kube yiwo ahlupha abantu. Izinkulungwane ezazikhetha iqiniso leBhayibheli kunezimfundiso ezingaphikiswa zobuBabiloni zazishiswa ziphila esigxotsheni kokubili ngamaKatolika namaProthestani. Kodwa njengoba sizobona,ubufebe beBabiloni Elikhulu budlulela ngale kokushoshozela amanga.

Usuku LukaJehova Lokwahlulela

7. (a) UJehova waqala nini futhi kanjani ukubuyisela amaqiniso eBhayibheli ayisisekelo nokudalula izimfundiso zamanga, zobuBabiloni? (b) Imaphi amaqiniso eBhayibheli ayisisekelo abaFundi BeBhayibheli abawabuyisela?

⁷ Kwakumelwe lufike usuku lukaJehova lokwahlulela lesifebe! (Heberu 10:30) Kwakukhona inkathi yokulungiselela, eyaqala ngawo-1870, lapho uJehova ethumela “isithunywa” sakhe—iqembu eliqotho labafundi beBhayibheli—ukuba sibuyisele amaqiniso eBhayibheli ayisisekelo futhi sidalule izimfundiso zamanga zobuBabiloni. (Malaki 3:1a) Leliqembu ‘lesithunywa’ lasekela amazwi angokwesiprofetho esAmbulo 4:11: “Ufanele wena-Nkosi yethu noNkulunkulu wethu ukwamukela inkazimulo nodumo namandla, ngokuba nguwena owadala izinto zonke, nangenxa yentando yakho zaba-khona, zadalwa.” ‘Lesithunywa’ futhi Baba umlweli ongagwegwesi womhlatshelo kaJesu wesihlengo, ilungiselelo likaNkulunkulu lokuhlenga isintu. Isintu esihlengiwe sasiyohlanganisa, okokuqala, ‘umhlambi omncane’ ozobusa noJesu eMbusweni wakhe wasezulwini, futhi kamuva, amakhulu ezigidi eziyophila phakade emhlabeni oyiPharadesi—abaningi babo abayovuswa kwabafileyo. (Luka 12:32; 1 Johane 2:2; IzEnzo 24:15) Yebo, labobaFundi BeBhayibheli bawabuyisela lamaqiniso ayisisekelo, futhi ngendlela engokomfanekiso, baze ngisho ‘bathela amanzi esihogweni bacisha umlilo’ wemfundiso yobuBabiloni yokuhlushwa phakade!a

8. (a) Abefundisi beLobukholwa bayisebenzisa kanjani iMpi Yezwe I ukuze bazame ukubhubhisa abaFundi BeBhayibheli? (b) Yini eyenzeka kumahluleli owagcina abaphathi abayisishiyagalombili beWatch Tower Society ejele ngokwenqaba ibheyili?

⁸ Iminyaka engaba ngama-40 abaFundi BeBhayibheli bamemezela ngesibindi ukuthi unyaka ka-1914 wawuyophawula ukuphela kweZikhathi ZabeZizwe. Njengoba kwakulindelekile, lowonyaka waletha izenzakalo ezazamazamisa umhlaba, esikhulu kulezi Baba yimpi yezwe yokuqala. Oh, yeka indlela abefundisi beLobukholwa—ingxenye evelele kakhulu yeBabiloni Elikhulu—abazama ngayo ukusebenzisa isimo sezwe esibucayi ukuze babhubhise labobaFundi BeBhayibheli abanesibindi! Ekugcineni, ngo-1918, benza ukuba abaphathi abayisishiyagalombili beWatch Tower Society bayiswe ejele ngesitimela ngamacala amanga okuvukela umbuso. Kodwa labaphathi bakhululwa ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye futhi kamuva amacala abo asulwa. Kamuva umahluleli womkhandlu waseU.S. uMartin T. Manton, owayegcine labaFundi BeBhayibheli ejele ngokwenqaba ibheyili, waklonyeliswa uPapa Pius XI, enziwa “iqhawe lesigaba sikaSt. Gregory Omkhulu.” Nokho, inkazimulo yakhe yaba eyesikhashana, ngoba ngo-1939 wagwetshwa iminyaka emibili ejele nenhlawulo enzima. Ngani? Ngoba watholakala enecala lokuthengisa izinqumo zasenkantolo eziyisithupha ngesamba sama-R446 400 ngokufunjathiswa!

9. Isiprofetho sikaMalaki sakuchaza kanjani okwakwenzeka kubantu bakaJehova, futhi ngakho isahlulelo saqala ngobani?

⁹ Njengoba nje sisanda kuphawula, abantu bakaJehova bangena enkathini yokuvivinywa okukhulu ngo-1918. Amazwi aqhubekayo omprofethi kuMalaki 3:13 achaza lokho okwakwenzeka: “INkosi [uJehova] eniyifunayo iyakufika ngokuzumayo ethempelini layo; nesithunywa sesivumelwano [sikaAbrahama]”—uJesu. Yebo, uJehova wafika noKristu wakhe ukuzokwahlulela. UJehova ube esebuza: “Ngubani ongathwala usuku lokufika kwaso? Ngubani oyakuma ekubonakaleni kwaso na? Ngokuba sinjengomlilo wocwengisisayo nensipho yomhlanzi.” Ngokweyoku-1 Petru 4:17, ukwahlulela kwakuyoqala ngalabo abathi ‘bangabendlu kaNkulunkulu.’ Kanjalo, amaKristu eqiniso acwengisiswa futhi ahlanzelwa inkonzo kaJehova.

‘PHUMANI KULO BANTU BAMI’!

10. Yisiphi isahlulelo saphezulu esafikela eLobukholwa nayo yonke inkolo yamanga ngo-1919, kwaphumelaphi ngeBabiloni Elikhulu?

¹⁰ Njengengxenye engaphenduki yeBabiloni Elikhulu, abefundisi beLobukholwa babengenakusimela isahlulelo sikaJehova. Babezingcolise kakhulu izingubo zabo njengabahlanganyeli ekuchithweni okukhulu kwegazi ngempi yezwe nanjengabashushisi bamaKristu eqiniso. (Jeremiya 2:34) Esikhundleni sokuhalalisela ukufika koMbuso kaKristu wasezulwini, baphakamisa iNhlangano Yezizwe eyenziwa ngabantu, abayichaza ngokuthi “ukubonakaliswa okungokombangazwe koMbuso kaNkulunkulu emhlabeni.” Ngo-1919 kwase kubonakala ukuthi uJehova usikhiphile isahlulelo kweLobukholwa—nakuyo yonke inkolo yamanga. IBabiloni Elikhulu lase liwile, lilahlelwe ukufa! Kwase kuyisikhathi esifanele ngabo bonke abathandi beqiniso nokulunga ukuba benze ngokomyalo ongokwesiprofetho okuJeremiya 51:45: “Phumani phakathi kwalo, Bantu bami, nizikhulule, kube-yilowo nalowo ekufuthekeni kwentukuthelo kaJehova.”

11, 12. (a) Yini ingelosi eyishoyo kusAmbulo 17:1, 2 ngokuqondene nesahlulelo phezu kweBabiloni Elikhulu? (b) Ayini ‘amanzi amaningi’ isifebe esikhulu esihlezi phezu kwawo, futhi ‘sibadakise’ kanjani abakhileyo emhlabeni ‘ngewayini lobufebe baso’?

¹¹ IBabiloni Elikhulu liwile! Kodwa alikakabhujiswa. Njengombuso wezwe wenkolo yamanga, lizohlala isikhathi esifushane liwubungcweti bukaSathane bokukhohlisa. Siyini isahlulelo sikaNkulunkulu sokugcina kulona? Asishiywa singabaza! Asivule emaBhayibhelini ethu kusAmbulo 17:1, 2. Lapha ingelosi ikhuluma nomphostoli uJohane, futhi ngaye, ikhuluma nabafundi beziprofetho namuhla, ithi: “Woza lapha, ngikutshengise ukwahlulelwa kwesifebe esikhulu esihlezi phezu kwamanzi amaningi, afeba naso amakhosi omhlaba, nabakhileyo emhlabeni badakiswa yiwayini lobufebe baso.” Igama elithi ‘amanzi amaningi’ libhekisela ezixukwini zesintu eziyaluzayo, osekuyisikhathi eside zicindezelwe isifebe esikhulu. Futhi lesiprofetho sithi ‘abakhileyo emhlabeni’ badakiswa yiwayini laso. Baphuza izimfundiso ezingamanga nezindlela zezwe, zokuziphatha okubi zeBabiloni Elikhulu futhi bayadiyazela, sengathi badakwe yiwayini elishibhile, elingekho emthethweni.

¹² KuJakobe 4:4 siyafunda: “Ziphingi, anazi yini ukuthi ukuthanda izwe kungubutha kuNkulunkulu na?” Inkolo yekhulu leminyaka lamashumi amabili ikulungele kakhulu ukuzincengela ezweni, futhi lokho kunjalo ikakhulukazi ngeLobukholwa. Abefundisi balo abahluleki nje kuphela ukumemezela izindaba ezinhle zoMbuso kaJehova ozayo kodwa balulaza izimfundiso zeBhayibheli zokuziphatha, bethethelela ukuyekelela kwezwe emalungwini esonto. Ngisho nabefundisi ababona abangenacala kangako ngokuqondene nobufebe obungokwenyama, obalahlwa ngokuphelele kangaka umphostoli uPawulu lapho ethi: “Ningadukiswa. Nazifebe, nabakhonza isithombe, naziphingi, nazihlobongi, nabesilisa abalalanayo . . . abayikulidla ifa lombuso kaNkulunkulu. Babenjalo abanye kini, kepha senahlanzwa.”—1 Korinte 6:9-11.

“Ukuzibhixa Odakeni”

13, 14. (a) Yiziphi izibonelo ezibonisa ukuthi abefundisi banamuhla ‘abahlanzwanga’? (b) Yisiphi isimo sengqondo umkhandlu weSonto LaseSheshi owaba naso ngezenzo zobulili zobungqingili, futhi umlobeli wezindaba othile wasikisela ukuba isonto liqanjwe ngokuthini kabusha? (c) Abefundisi abayizihlubuki bafanela kahle maphi amazwi omphostoli uPetru?

¹³ Ingabe abefundisi banamuhla ‘bahlanziwe’? Nokho, njengesibonelo, phawula isimo eBrithani, eyake yaba ikomkhulu lobuProthestani. NgoNovember 1987, lapho undunankulu waseBrithani ecela abefundisi ukuba bahole ekuziphatheni, umphathi wesonto laseSheshi wayethi: “Ongqingili banelungelo lokuveza imizwa yabo yobulili njengawo wonke umuntu; kufanele sibheke okuhle kukho futhi sikhuthaze ukwethembeka [phakathi kongqingili].” Iphephandaba laseLondon labika: “Imikhuba yobungqingili yadlanga kwelinye ikholiji lobufundisi laseSheshi kangangokuba kwadingeka ukuba abafundi bakwelinye ikholiji bavinjelwe othisha ukuba balivakashele.” Okunye ukuhlola kwalinganisela ukuthi “esigodini esisodwa saseLondon,inani labefundisi abanokuthambekela kobungqingili lingase libe ngaphezu kwengxenye yengqikithi yabo.” Futhi emkhandlwini wesonto, amaphesenti angama-95 abefundisi beSonto LaseSheshi basekela isiphakamiso esabiza ubufebe nokuphinga ngokuthi izono, kodwa hhayi izenzo zobulili zobungqingili; kwathiwa izenzo ezinjalo zobungqingili zimane nje ziwukusilela endinganisweni ephelele. Ekhulumela konke lokhu, omunye umlobeli wezindaba wasikisela ukuba iSonto LaseSheshi liqanjwe kabusha ngokuthi iSodoma neGomora. Elinye iphephandaba laseLondon lathi: “Abantu baseBrithani bafikelwa ukwesaba uma becabanga ngemiphumela yesizukulwane esiyekelelayo.”

¹⁴ Yeka ukuthi abefundisi abayizihlubuki phakathi neminyaka bawafanela kahle kanjani amazwi omphostoli uPetru: “Kubehlele njengokwesaga esiqinisileyo esithi: Inja yabuyela ebuhlanzweni bayo, nokuthi: Ingulube igezwe qede yaphindela ukuzibhixa odakeni”!—2 Petru 2:22.

15. (a) Ikuphi ukuwohloka ezindinganisweni zokuziphatha okuye kwenzeka kulo lonke eLobukholwa? (b) Ubani okufanele ahlanganyele ecaleni ngalesivuno esilusizi?

¹⁵ Kulo lonke eLobukholwa, futhi yebo kulo lonke izwe, kunokuwohloka okusabisayo ezindinganisweni zokuziphatha. Kweminye imiphakathi, manje umshado ubhekwa njengongadingekile, nalabo abashadile bacabanga ukuthi ukwethembeka emshadweni kuyisidala. Bambalwa ababhalisa imishado yabo ngokomthetho, futhi izinga lezehlukaniso phakathi kwabashada ngokomthetho liyenyuka. EUnited States, inani lezehlukaniso liye laba ngaphezu kokuphindwe kathathu eminyakeni engama-25 edlule laba ngaphezu kwesigidi unyaka ngamunye. Phakathi nenkathi yeminyaka engama-20 kusukela ngo-1965, inani lezehlukaniso eBrithani laphindeka kane, lisukela ku-41 000 kuya ku-175 000. Abangashadile bakhetha ukuhlala nabanye abangashadile banoma yibuphi ubulili, futhi abaningi bashintsha abangane. Bakhala ngezifo ezisabekayo ezithathelwana ngobulili, ikakhulukazi ingculaza (AIDS), ezichuma ngenxa yendlela yabo yokuphila kokuziphatha kabi kodwa bayaqhubeka nemikhuba yabo yobulili eyihlazo. Abefundisi beLobukholwa abazange bawajezise amalungu esonto onayo. Kumelwe bahlanganyele icala lalesivuno esilusizi ngezinga abaye bakuthalalisa ngalo ukuziphatha okubi.—Jeremiya 5:29-31.

16. (a) Yini egcizelela iqiniso lokuthi iBabiloni Elikhulu liwile, futhi ikuphi ukumemeza kwengelosi kusAmbulo 18:2 okufanelekile? (b) Kumelwe benzeni bonke abafuna ukusinda ekupheleni kwezwe?

¹⁶ Isimo sokuziphatha esidabukisayo embusweni wezwe wenkolo yamanga sigcizelela futhi iqiniso lokuthi iBabiloni Elikhulu liwile. UNkulunkulu ulahlulele futhi uliphawulele ukubhujiswa. Khona-ke, yeka ukuthi kufaneleka kanjani ukumemeza kwengelosi okunamandla kusAmbulo 18:2: “Liwile, liwile iBabiloni elikhulu, selibeyindawo yokuhlala amademoni, nendawo yokubopha bonke omoya abangcolileyo, nendawo yokubopha zonke izinyoni ezingcolileyo nezizondekayo.” Futhi yeka ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ukuba bonke abafuna ukusinda ekupheleni kwezwe bathathe isinyathelo manje ekusabeleni emyalweni osevesini 4: “Phumani kulo, Bantu bami, ukuze ningahlanganyeli nalo izono zalo, nokuba ningamukeli okwezinhlupho zalo”! Ukuphuma enkolweni yamanga kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile esiya ekusindeni “osizini olukhulu” olungaphambili. (IsAmbulo 7:14) Kodwa kudingeka okwengeziwe, njengoba sizobona!

[Umbhalo waphansi]

[Ibhokisi ekhasini 8]

IZIMISO ZOKUZIPHATHA KWABEFUNDISI

“Amakhulu ezingane ezanukubezwa abapristi bamaKatolika eUnited States phakathi neminyaka eyisihlanu edlule aye ahlushwa ukusangana okungathi sina okudalwa ukulimala okungokomzwelo, kusho abazali, izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo, izikhulu zamaphoyisa nabameli abahileleke kulawomacala.”—Akron Beacon Journal, January 3, 1988.

“ISonto LamaRoma Katolika eUnited States liye laphoqeleka ukuba likhokhe izigidi zamadollar njengesinxephezelo emikhayeni ethi abantwana bayo baye banukubezwa ngokobulili ngabapristi. Naphezu kwalokho, inkinga iye yakhula yaba nkulu kangangokuthi abameli abaningi nezisulu bathi isonto aliwanaki futhi liyawagqiba amacala anjalo.”—The Miami Herald, January 3, 1988.

[Izithombe ekhasini 6]

Izithombe zonkulunkulu abangoziqu-zintathu—ezivela eGibithe lasendulo nakweLobukholwa

[Imithombo]

Saint-Remi Museum collection, Reims, photo by J. Terrisse

Louvre Museum, Paris

[Isithombe ekhasini 9]

IBhayibheli lifanisa abaholi benkolo abaziphethe kabi nengulube egeziwe ebuyela ekuzibhixeni ngodaka