Ingabe Idivosi Kufanele Ivunyelwe?
NGOJUNE 1986 abavoti eRepublic yaseIreland bavota ngesilinganiso saba-3 kwaba-2 ukuze basekele ukunqabela kwabo idivosi. Lokhu kwenza iRepublic yaba ukuphela kwezwe eNtshonalanga Yurophu lapho idivosi ingakabi ngokomthetho khona.
Ngokusobala, naphezu kokwanda kwesimo sengqondo nokucabanga okukhululekile, umbono wabantu abaningi ngempikiswano yedivosi eshukunyiswa yimizwelo, usathonywa kakhulu isizinda sabo. Uhlanga, imfundo, nezimo zenhlalo konke kufeza indima ethile. Kodwa phakathi kwazo zonke izinto, inkolo, noma ukuntuleka kwayo, kuhlala kuwukuphela kwethonya elibaluleke kunawo wonke.
Uyini umbono wakho ngedivosi? Uma umbhangqwana oshadile uzwa ubuhlungu ngokuhlala ndawonye futhi ngokukhanyayo ungafanelani, ingabe kumelwe uvunyelwe ukuba uqede usizi lwawo ngokuthola idivosi? Ubungawuphendula kanjani lombuzo? Okubaluleke ngokwengeziwe, ubungayisekelaphi impendulo yakho?
Imibono Ehlukahlukene Nengqubuzanayo
Ngezigidi ezibambelele ezindinganisweni zamaRoma Katolika, idivosi ayikho nhlobo. “Emshadweni wobuKristu,” kuchaza iThe Catholic Encyclopedia, “akunakuba nedivosi ephelele [nelungelo lokushada futhi], okungenani ngemva kokuba umshado usuphelisiwe.” Nokho, iSonto lamaRoma Katolika livumela ukudivosa ngokomthetho ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, futhi lenqubo isetshenziswa kabanzi. Ngokwesibonelo, ngoApril 1986 iThe Denver Post yabika: “AmaKatolika akulendawo acela amadivosi angokomthetho emishado eminingi kangangokuthi isifunda soMbhishobhi Omkhulu saseDenver sichitha amaRandi ayizi-500 000 ezisebenzini ezengeziwe nakuyicomputer ukuze sikwazi ukubhekana nomsebenzi omningi.” Umbiko waqhubeka wathi “esifundeni soMbhishobhi Omkhulu saseDenver, kunamacala edivosi angama-700 aseneminyaka emithathu engadingidwa.”
AmaProthestani asemahlelweni angamakhulu emhlabeni wonke abhekene nezinhlobonhlobo zemithetho neziqondiso zesonto ngedivosi. Nokho, ngokuvamile iziphathi-mandla zamaProthestani zivumela idivosi ngezizathu ezingathi sína kuphela. Kodwa lokho okubhekwa njengokungathi sína kungahluka kakhulu esontweni ngalinye. Amacala anjengokuphinga, unya, nokushiya isonto ngaphandle kwemvume ngokuvamile ayemukelwa, kodwa awawodwa neze. Amanye amahlelo manje anemikhosi nezinkonzo zedivosi lapho kuhlatshelelwa futhi kuthandazwe khona njengasemishadweni. Komunye wemikhosi enjalo, “izifungo zomshado ziyasulwa. Umbhangqwana unikeza umfundisi izindandatho zawo zomshado. Inkonzo iphela ngesimemezelo esiphuma kumfundisi sokuthi umshado uphelisiwe, futhi lowombhangqwana uxhawulane,” kubika iThe New York Times.
AmaJuda anesiko eliphoqwa izinkantolo zenkolo. Imithetho yabefundisi bamaJuda ivumela idivosi lapho bobabili indoda nomfazi bevumelana noma ngenxa yokukhubazeka okungokomzimba noma ukuziphatha okungabekezeleleki. Nokho, idivosi ibhekwa njengengokomthetho kuphela lapho indoda ikhipha isitifiketi sedivosi, futhi lokhu kungaba umthombo wempikiswano. Ngenxa yokucasuka amanye amadoda ayenqaba ukukhipha isitifiketi, noma asisebenzisa njengendlela yokuthola inzuzo. “Lenkinga ishiye izinkulungwane zabesifazane abangamaJuda azinikele besesimweni esibuhlungu sokungazi ukuthi bami kuphi emshadweni,” kusho uMongameli woMkhandlu waseDolobheni laseNew York uAndrew Stein lapho ekhuluma emhlanganweni wabefundisi bamaJuda, abameli, nabanye. Ngaphandle kwesitifiketi sedivosi, ukushada kabusha kowesifazane kubhekwa njengokungemthetho, noma bayaphi abantwana bakhe babizwa ngokuthi amavezandlebe noma imilanjwana eMbusweni wanamuhla wakwaIsrayeli.
Ngokuphathelene nabangakholwa nabangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu, abamane balandele umthetho wendawo, impikiswano ayikabi lula. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imithetho yedivosi iyahluka ezweni ngalinye futhi ngisho nasezindaweni ngazinye eziphakathi kwezwe elilodwa. Esinye isiphathi-mandla sinikeza uhlu lwezizathu ezingama-50 okungatholwa ngazo idivosi engokomthetho ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zaseUnited States. Lezi zihlanganisa “ukuziphatha kabi nesenzo esibi kakhulu,” “ukungathembisi okunengqondo kokuthi umshado ungalondolozwa,” “nokwenqaba kwenkosikazi ukuthuthela kulelizwe nomyeni wayo.” Ezikhathini zamuva nje, ngisho nomqondo omncane wokugcina womuzwa wokuhle nokubi uye wasuswa yilokho ngokuvamile okubizwa ngokuthi idivosi engenaphutha.
Iseyisimo Esididayo
Ngisho nakuba eminingi yalemithetho neziqondiso okuhlukahlukene nokungqubuzanayo ngedivosi kuthiwa kusekelwe eBhayibhelini, ingabe kuye kwaphumelela ekuqiniseni ukumiswa komshado noma ekusekeleni injabulo yabantu? Izinga eliphakamayo ledivosi—kwamanye amazwe kunedivosi eyodwa kuyo yonke imishado emibili—linikeza impendulo ecacile. Lemithetho ayizange ihluleke ekuqiniseni isibopho somshado nje kuphela kodwa futhi iye yanezela osizini nasekuhluphekeni ekuphileni kwezigidi.
Benombono walokhu, kubalulekile ngalabo abakukhathalela ngempela ukwenza okulungileyo ukuba bahlole lokho iBhayibheli elikushoyo ngempela ngalendaba.