Yini Eye Yenzeka Entsheni Yethu?

Baye babizwa ngokuthi “isizukulwane esilahlekile,” “isizukulwane esidingisiwe,” “isizukulwane esihahayo,” “isizukulwane esihlehlisayo,” nangokuthi “izingane ezishabalalayo.” Bangobani? Intsha yanamuhla. Yini eyenzayo ize ifanelwe yilamagama, futhi ngani?

KUJWAYELEKILE ngentsha ukwenza ngendlela abadala bayo abangayiqondi. Kuwo wonke umlando ngokuvamile lokho bekunjalo. Kodwa intsha yanamuhla ibonakala yehlukile entsheni yakuqala. Abadala bayakhononda ngokuthi izinhloso ezinhle, izimiso eziphakeme, ukufisela okuhle nethemba—izimfanelo ngokuvamile ezijwayelekile entsheni—seziphelile kweningi intsha. Ibonakala isiye yaphelelwa ukholo esikhathini esizayo.

Kodwa ingabe lokhu kuyethusa? Bangaki abadala abanokholo esikhathini esizayo? Ubani ongaqiniseka, ngokombono wokungaqondi okubangelwa ukwenyuka kwamanani, ukuncintisana ngezikhali zenyukliya, ukwanda kokungcola okudlavuzayo, ukwanda kokushiseka okubonakalayo kwezombangazwe zezwe nokukhula okuqhumayo kwendlala yezwe, ubulelesi nokungahambisani nemithetho okuvamile? Mhlawumbe ithemba kulesimiso sezinto seliphelile kwabaningi bethu, khona-ke ingabe singayisola intsha?

UMnu. Mark Oliphant, isazi sezesayensi yenyukliya, waphawula: “Intsha ayizona iziwula. Izwa ububi obusemoyeni ngisho nakuba ingabuqondi. Iyasenyanya isikhathi sayo esizayo esingaqondakali sezomnotho nezinkinga isizukulwane sanamuhla esizidlulisela kuyona. Inomuzwa wokuthi imfundo yayo ayihlobene nezidingo zayo, ngoba ayiyiqinisekisi ngalutho, ngisho nomsebenzi noma impucuko eyanelisayo.” Khona-ke, enikela ukuntula kwakhe siqu ukholo esikhathini esizayo, waxwayisa: “Kuba sobala ukuthi ngaphandle kokuba kusetshenziswe izimiso eziqotho zokuziphatha esikhundleni salezo ezonakele, lempucuko ekhona ingaqedwa yilo kanye ulwazi oluye lwayiletha.

Yebo, uma intsha yanamuhla izophila ngekusasa abadala abalidalela yona, ayikho esimweni esifiselekayo. Isabela kanjani?

Ukusabela Kwentsha

Abanye basabela ngezindlela ezedlulele, bayawa kulesimiso. Bahileleka ezinhlanganweni eziyinqaba zenkolo, noma baba amahiphi. Noma bahlehlele ekusetshenzisweni kabi kwemilaliso noma ukudakwa. Izibhelu zamuva nje ezibhidlizayo zentsha eJalimane, eNetherlands, eSwizertland naseNgilandi zanikeza ubufakazi obengeziwe bokungeneliseki kwayo. Okwesabeka kakhulu okwalabo abazibulalayo bebalekela ukucindezeleka kwamanje noma ukungaqiniseki ngekusasa. EUnited States eminye imibiko ithi ukuzibulala kuyimbangela yesibili eyandile kakhulu yokufa kwentsha.

Abanye bathuthukisa ifilosofi ethi: “kuthole manje.” “Intsha esikoleni sethu,” kwasho oneminyaka eyi-15 ubudala eAustralia, “ayinakubona isimiso siqhubeka ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-10 . . . noma yini ofuna ukuyenza ekuphileni kungcono uyenze ngokushesha.” Lokhu kuholela ukuba abanye bahlehlise izibopho, benqabe ukuba nabantwana nokushada futhi kanjalo begwema ‘ukubambeka’ ngokomnotho futhi “balahlekelwe inkululeko yabo.” Bafuna isikhathi ‘sokukhula komuntu siqu,’ ukuzinza okwengeziwe, nokugwema noma iyiphi indlela yokuphila eyohilela ukubeka imigomo nempumelelo yayo ehilela isikhathi eside.

Khona-ke kunemibono yabafundi okwaxoxwa nabo eYunivesithi yaseOxford, eNgilandi. Bavuma ukungabi nanjongo enhle eqinile. Babona ukonakala kuzo zonke izimiso—ubu‘capitalist,’ ubuKhomanisi nobu‘soshiyalisti.’ Bengenakho ukukhetha, banquma ngokungenathemba ukuzuza konke abangakuthola kulesisimiso abaphila kuso. ‘Njengoba ungenakulishintsha izwe, ungase ulisebenzise,’ yisimo sabo.

“Ngo-1950,” kusho umbhali wezindaba zikamagazini uGraham Turner, “lapho ngiya eOxford, kwakuneNkolelo eningi . . . manje . . . iOxford isiyindawo yokungcwaba amaphupho nonkulunkulu abawile. Lapho, eminyakeni emihlanu kuphela edlule, yonke into yayibonakala inokwenzeka, manje ngisho nabathembela kokuhle balindela ukuwohloka.”

Ingabe Kukhona Okungenziwa?

Ingabe uyaqonda ukuthi kungani intsha eningi kangaka yenza njenge“sizukulwane esilahlekile”? Uma ungumzali onabantwana abeve eshumini elinambili, ingabe uyazi ukuthi ungabasiza kanjani kulezikhathi ezinzima? Mhlawumbe ungoweve eshumini elinambili. Uma kunjalo, ingabe uye wayithola indlela yokuphila esimisweni sezinto esiwohlokayo ngaphandle kokuvumela imfundiso yokungabi nathemba nokwehliswa? Ingabe ikhona indawo ethile esele yokuphokophelela okuhle nethemba? Isihloko esilandelayo singakusiza ukuba uphendule lemibuzo.

[Ibhokisi ekhasini 4]

Izimo Ezivamile Nezindinganiso Zokuphila Namuhla

Umbhali wezinhlu zikamagazini uWilliam Shannon wabhala ngezimo nezindinganiso zokuphila izwe elikhuthaza abasha ukuba bakuthole, nemiphumela:

“Ulwazi Olusha iwemikhuba yezwe luhilela ukufundisa abantwana besebancane insangu, imilaliso enzima, utshwala nokuhlangenwe nakho kobulili. . . . Amantombazane ane-13 ne-14 enqaba ukuhileleka ekulaleni nabafana agconwa ngokuthi ‘ayabanda.’ Abafana beminyaka efanayo abenqaba ukuzama insangu noma utshwala bahlekwa njengamavaka. . . .

“Imiphumela yakho emibi ingase ibonwe namuhla emananini amakhulu okuzibulala, manje okuyimbangela engeyesibili ehamba phambili yokufa phakathi kwabantu beminyaka kusukela kweyi-13 kuya kwengama-24 futhi okwenzeka ngokuphindwe kabili kunaseminyakeni eyishumi edlule. Ingabonwa, futhi, emananini aphakamayo ezifo zokubhajwa, ukuluthwa imilaliso nokudakwa phakathi kwabasha.”—The Detroit Free Press.