Ingabe Kufanele Ukhathazeke Ngokushiswa Yilanga?

“Njengoba ungqimba lwe-ozone luya ngokuya luphela nabantu emhlabeni wonke bezijabulisa ngokuthamela ilanga, ingozi yokuba nezinkinga zempilo ngenxa yokuchayeka ngokweqile emisebeni ye-UV [ultraviolet] iba inkinga enkulu ngokuphathelene nempilo yomphakathi.”—UDKT. LEE JONG-WOOK, OWAYENGUMQONDISI-JIKELELE WE-WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION.

UMARTIN, indoda yaseNyakatho Yurophu enesikhumba esimhlophe, wayelele emthunzini ngaphansi kwesambulela ogwini lwase-Italy. Lapho evuka, wathola ukuthi umthunzi ususukile futhi imilenze yakhe ayisemhlophe kodwa isibomvu tebhu. UMartin uyachaza: “Kwadingeka ngiphuthunyiswe esibhedlela. Imilenze yami yayiqinile futhi ivuvukele. Ezinsukwini ezimbili noma ezintathu ezalandela, ngangizwa izinhlungu ezinjunjuthayo. Ngangingakwazi ukuma noma ukugoba imilenze. Isikhumba sasiqine kangangokuba nganginovalo lokuthi sizodabuka.”

Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi abantu abanesikhumba esimhlophe njengoMartin kuphela okudingeka bazivikele elangeni. Nokho, nakuba abantu abanesikhumba esinsundu benesivikelo esingconywana elangeni, basengaba nawo umdlavuza wesikhumba. Ngokuvamile umdlavuza wabo awubonakali kuze kube yilapho ususesigabeni esiyingozi. Ezinye izingozi ezihlobene nokushiswa yilanga zihlanganisa ukulimala kwamehlo namasosha omzimba, izinkinga ezingase zingabonakali kuze kube ngemva kweminyaka umonakalo udalekile.

Kuyiqiniso ukuthi ngokuvamile izinga lemisebe ye-UV liphakeme kakhulu ezindaweni ezisondelene nenkabazwe. Ngakho labo abahlala eZindaweni Ezishisayo noma ezisondelene nazo kanye nabantu abahambela lezo zindawo kufanele bathathe izinyathelo zokuzivikela. Esinye isizathu sokwenza kanjalo siwukuthi kubikwa ukuthi ungqimba lomkhathi oluyisivikelo luye lwancipha eminyakeni yamuva nje. Ake sihlole ezinye zezinkinga ezingase zibangelwe ukushiswa yilanga.

Ukulimala Kwamehlo

Abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-15 emhlabeni wonke bayizimpumputhe ngenxa yongwengwezi olwakheka emehlweni, oluyimbangela eyinhloko yobumpumputhe emhlabeni. Lolu ngwengwezi lwakheka lapho amaprotheni asemehlweni eqaqeka, ephothana futhi eba nezakhi zombala ezenza ufasimba esweni. Lolu ngwengwezi lungomunye wemiphumela ehlala njalo yokuchayeka emisebeni ye-UV. Empeleni, kulinganiselwa ukuthi cishe amaphesenti angu-20 ale nkinga abangelwa ukuchayeka kakhulu elangeni noma lokho kuwenza abe mabi kakhulu.

Ngokudabukisayo, izindawo ezisondelene nenkabazwe ezinabantu abanale nkinga zihlanganisa amanye amazwe asathuthuka anabantu abaningi abampofu. Ngakho, izigidi zabantu abampofu e-Afrika, e-Asia, eMelika Ephakathi neseNingizimu ziyizimpumputhe ngenxa yokuthi azinayo imali yokuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe lolu ngwengwezi.

Ukulimala Kwesikhumba

Ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yabo bonke abantu abatholakala benomdlavuza emhlabeni banomdlavuza wesikhumba. Unyaka ngamunye kubikwa ukuthi kunabantu abangaba ngu-130 000 okutholakala ukuthi bane-melanoma, uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza wesikhumba. Kanti kutholakala abantu abangaba yizigidi ezimbili kuya kwezintathu abanezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza wesikhumba, njenge-basal cell carcinoma ne-squamous cell carcinoma. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi bangaba ngu-66 000 abantu ababulawa umdlavuza wesikhumba unyaka ngamunye.a

Ilanga lisilimaza kanjani isikhumba sakho? Umphumela omubi ovame kakhulu nowaziwayo wokuchayeka ngokweqile elangeni uwukusha kwesikhumba, noma i-erythema. Imiphumela yakho esheshayo ingahlala izinsuku futhi ingase ihlanganise amashashazi nokuxebuka kwesikhumba.

Uma umuntu eshiswa yilanga, imisebe ye-UV ibulala amangqamuzana amaningi asesikhunjeni esingaphezulu futhi ilimaze ingxenye yaso engaphansi. Noma iluphi ushintsho ebaleni lesikhumba somuntu olubangelwa ukushisa kwelanga luwuphawu lomonakalo. Umuntu angaba nomdlavuza uma kulimala i-DNA yezakhi zofuzo ezilawula ukukhula nokuhlukana kwamangqamuzana esikhumba. Imisebe yelanga ishintsha nokwakheka kwesikhumba futhi inciphise umswakama waso. Lokhu kubangela imibimbi ngaphansi kwesikhathi nokuwohloka kwesikhumba, kanye nokulimala kalula.

Ukulimala Kwamasosha Omzimba

Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi uma isikhumba sithola imisebe eminingi ye-UV, lokho kuphazamisa imisebenzi yezingxenye ezithile zamasosha omzimba. Lokhu kungase kunciphise amandla omzimba okuzivikela ezifweni ezithile. Ngisho nokuchayeka kancane elangeni kuyaziwa ukuthi kwandisa ingozi yokungenwa amagciwane, noma izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane. Abantu abaningi bayazi ukuthi ukuba selangeni kungabangela izilonda zomkhuhlane kaningi. Umbiko we-World Health Organization (WHO) uchaza ukuthi olunye uhlobo lokukhanya oku-ultraviolet okuthiwa ama-UVB, “kubonakala sengathi lunciphisa amandla amasosha omzimba—uma umuntu enezilonda zomkhuhlane amasosha omzimba ayehluleka ukulawula igciwane lomkhuhlane elibangelwa ukubuya kwawo ephindelela.”

Ngenxa yalokho, uma kuziwa emdlavuzeni, imisebe yelanga ingabangela umonakalo okabili ngokulandelana. Okokuqala, ibangela ukulimala kwe-DNA ngokuqondile futhi inciphisa amandla angokwemvelo amasosha omzimba okulwa nomonakalo onjalo.

Ngokuhlakanipha, kudingeka sithathe izinyathelo zokuphepha ukuze singazichayi ngokweqile elangeni. Impilo yethu, ngisho nokuphila kwethu uqobo, kungaba sengozini.

[Umbhalo waphansi]

[Ibhokisi ekhasini 11]

INDLELA ONGAZIVIKELA NGAYO

◼ Nciphisa izinga lokuchayeka emisebeni yelanga emini phakathi kuka-10:00 ekuseni no-4:00 ntambama, lapho imisebe ye-UV inamandla kakhulu khona.

◼ Zama ukuhlala emthunzini.

◼ Vikela izingalo nemilenze ngezingubo ezikuvala kahle kodwa ezingakumpintshi.

◼ Faka isigqoko esinompheme omkhulu ukuze uvikele amehlo, izindlebe, ubuso nengemuva lentamo yakho.

◼ Izibuko zelanga ezivala nasemaceleni ezinikeza isivikelo esingamaphesenti angu-99 kuya kwangu-100 emisebeni ye-UVA neye-UVB (izinhlobo zokukhanya oku-ultraviolet) ziyoyinciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokulimala kwamehlo.

◼ Gcoba umuthi wokuzivikela elangeni onesivikelo esingaba ngu-15, futhi uwugcobe njalo ngemva kwamahora amabili.

◼ Ama-sunlamp, ama-sun bed nezindawo zemishini eshintsha ibala lesikhumba esebenzisa imisebe ye-UV engase ilimaze isikhumba, i-WHO isikisela ukuba igwenywe.

◼ Qiniseka ukuthi uvikela izinsana nabantwana, abanesikhumba esithambe kakhulu.

◼ Ungalokothi ulale elangeni.

◼ Uma uba nebala elithile noma ishashazi elimnyama elikukhathazayo, bonana nodokotela.