Uketshezi Oluyigolide LwaseMedithera

NGUMLOBELI WE-PHAPHAMA! ESPAIN

“Ngangiluhlaza ngashintsha ngaba mnyama, bangigqula ngobunono, ekugcineni bangiphendula ngaba yigolide elihle.” —Imfumbe engokwesiko yaseSpain.

LAPHO umnqumo uvuthwa esihlahleni, uyashintsha ekubeni luhlaza ube mnyama ngokucwebezelayo. Kodwa ngaphakathi kuwo kukhona “igolide” elilindele ukukhishwa. Lapho igqulwa, iminqumo evuthiwe ikhipha uketshezi olusagolide, osekuyizinkulungwane zeminyaka lusetshenziswa ekudleni emizini yaseMedithera. Lolu ketshezi oluyigolide—luwumkhiqizo owaziswayo wezihlahla zomnqumo, ezemboze amagquma kusukela ePortugal kuya eSiriya.

Amafutha ezihlahla zomnqumo eziqinile ehla esiphundu futhi anempilo. Abantu baseMedithera igama elithi “amafutha” bebelokhu bazi ukuthi lisho “amafutha omnqumo.” Empeleni, igama leSpanishi elisho “amafutha,” elithi aceite, livela kwelesi-Arabhu elithi azzáyt, ngokwezwi nezwi elisho “umpe lomnqumo.” Futhi ngempela amafutha omnqumo ayilokho—umpe olungaxutshiwe lwezithelo zomnqumo ezigquliwe. Njengoba iminqumo ikhipha amafutha ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kwezithako noma amakhemikhali, la mafutha alondoloza ukunambitheka nephunga lawo lemvelo.

Uketshezi Olusagolide Olungeqhathaniswe

Isazi-mlando u-Erla Zwingle siyachaza ukuthi amafutha omnqumo abelokhu “aziswa iminyaka eminingi ekuphekeni, ekubaseni, emithini yokwelapha nasezinkonzweni zenkolo.” Sinezela ukuthi namuhla, “uketshezi lomnqumo olusagolide alunakuqhathaniswa namanye amafutha.” Sekuyizinkulungwane zeminyaka, inqubo elula yokukhipha amafutha omnqumo ingashintshi. Okokuqala, abavuni bashaya amagatsha ezihlahla ngezinduku ukuze kuqathake iminqumo, bese beyibutha. Ngemva kwalokho, le minqumo, kanye nezinhlamvu zayo, kugaywa emshinini. Ngokulandelayo, kukhishwa konke okuqinile. Ekugcineni, amafutha ahlukaniswa namanzi ethangini eliwacwengayo abese elungela ukusetshenziswa.a

Kodwa, ngokungafani negolide, amafutha omnqumo anezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene cishe njengewayini. Emhlabeni wonke, kunezigidi eziyinkulungwane zezihlahla zomnqumo ezitshalwayo.b Izazi zezitshalo zithi kunezinhlobo zeminqumo ezingaphezu kuka-680. Ngaphandle nje komehluko phakathi kwale minqumo, izici ezifana nohlobo lwenhlabathi, isimo sezulu, inkathi yokuvuna (esukela ku-November kuya ku-February), nendlela yokuyigqula kuthonya ukunambitheka, umbala nephunga lamafutha. Amaqembu azimele ongoti abanambitha ukudla achaza ukunambitheka kwamafutha okungafani ngokuthi anoshukela, ayababababa, anambitheka njengezithelo noma amtoti. Abanambithayo kufanele baqiniseke ukuthi izinga lokugcina lalo mkhiqizo lihlala lifana ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Isimo sezulu saseMedithera sikuvumela kahle ukutshalwa kwezihlahla zomnqumo, ngakho amaphesenti angaba ngu-95 awo wonke amafutha omnqumo akhiqizwa emhlabeni wonke avela esifundeni saseMedithera. Izivakashi ziyoqaphela ukuthi kunamahlathi ezihlahla zomnqumo amboze amagquma aseGreece, Italy, Morocco, Portugal, Spain, Syria, Tunisia, naseTurkey. Ngempela umkhiqizo ocebile wamafutha omnqumo ungachazwa ngokuthi “uketshezi olusagolide lwaseMedithera.”

Isinongo Esinempilo Ekudleni KwaseMedithera

Sekungamakhulu eminyaka indlela yokupheka yaseMedithera isekelwe emafutheni omnqumo ukuze athuthukise lokho kunambitheka kwezidlo eziningi zabomdabu. Angasetshenziselwa ukuthosa, ukuthambisa inyama noma ukunandisa ukudla. Umpheki omkhulu uJosé García Marín, lapho echaza ukubaluleka kwamafutha omnqumo ekuphekeni eSpain, uthi: “Umkhiqizo osusetshenziswe iminyaka engu-4 000 kufanele ukuthi umnandi ngempela.” Uyanezela: “Futhi izinga lalolu ‘mpe’ liye lathuthuka eminyakeni yamuva, ngenxa yezindlela zokulukhiqiza ngokucophelela.”

Sekuyisikhathi eside abacwaningi bephawula ukuthi abantu abalandela indlela yokudla yaseMedithera bajabulela izinzuzo ezinkulu zempilo.c Muva nje, ochwepheshe bezokudla bahlele iNgqungquthela Yomhlaba Wonke Yethonya Elinempilo Lamafutha Ekhethelo Omnqumo. Baphetha ngokuthi ukudla kwaseMedithera kuhlanganise namafutha ekhethelo omnqumo, kuyahambisana nokuphila isikhathi eside okunempilo. Ukudla okucebe ngamafutha omnqumo ekhethelo kunganciphisa amathuba esifo senhliziyo nomdlavuza. Ochwepheshe bathi: “Kuwo wonke amazwe lapho abantu bedla khona ukudla kwaseMedithera . . . lapho umthombo oyinhloko wamafutha kungamafutha ekhethelo omnqumo amazinga omdlavuza aphansi kunasemazweni aseNyakatho Yurophu.”

Kungase kube nezizathu eziningi zalezi zinzuzo zempilo. Esinye sazo yizinga eliphezulu le-asidi i-oleic (engaba amaphesenti angu-80) etholakala emafutheni omnqumo, ethuthukisa ukusebenza kwesimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungasetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali nezithako kusho ukuthi amafutha omnqumo alondoloza amavithamini, awanqumi futhi anezinye izithako zemvelo zesithelo esivuthiwe.

Ngenxa yokuthi izithako zawo ezincane ezinjengovithamini E nama-polyphenol (anezela iphunga) zikhipha umoya-mpilo ezicutshini, amafutha omnqumo avikela nesikhumba futhi asenze sithambe. Ngakho, avame ukusetshenziswa ezimonyweni, ezintweni zokugcoba, zokugeza izinwele nasensiphweni. AmaGreki namaRoma asendulo ayesebenzisa amafutha omnqumo ahlanganiswe namakhambi athile ukuze ahlanze isikhumba futhi asenze sithambe. Kamuva, ekhulwini lesithupha, abantu baseFrance baqala ukwenza insipho ngamafutha omnqumo, bewahlanganisa nomlotha wezimila zasolwandle.

Amafutha Omnqumo Ezikhathini ZeBhayibheli

Ezikhathini zeBhayibheli amafutha omnqumo ayesetshenziswa kakhulu ekudleni, ezimonyweni, ekukhanyiseni, kwezokwelapha nangezinye izinjongo. IBhayibheli likhuluma ngamafutha omnqumo izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-250, kungaba njengamafutha ngokwawo noma njengesithako samafutha anamakha.

ImiBhalo iyichaza ngokucacile indima ebalulekile yamafutha omnqumo ekuphileni okuvamile komkhaya wakwa-Israyeli. Ayeyingxenye ebalulekile yokudla kwawo, futhi ukutholakala kwawo ngobuningi kwakuwuphawu lokuchuma. (Joweli 2:24) Abesilisa nabesifazane babegcoba isikhumba ngamafutha omnqumo. Ngaphambi kokuba ayohlangana noBhowazi, uRuthe ‘wagcoba amafutha.’ (Ruthe 3:3) Ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-7 izile ukudla, iNkosi uDavide ‘yasukuma emhlabathini yageza yagcoba amafutha yashintsha iziphuku zayo yangena endlini kaJehova.’—2 Samuweli 12:20.

Izibani zasendulo zazidinga amafutha omnqumo atholakala njalo. (Mathewu 25:1-12) Kwakusetshenziswa ‘amafutha omnqumo ahlanzekile, agquliwe’ ukuze kukhanyiswe etabernakele ehlane. (Levitikusi 24:2) Ngesikhathi seNkosi uSolomoni, amafutha omnqumo ayesewumkhiqizo obalulekile wokuhwebelana kwamazwe. (1 AmaKhosi 5:10, 11) Abaprofethi babegcoba amakhosi ngamafutha. (1 Samuweli 10:1) Abaninikhaya abanomusa babebonisa umoya wokungenisa izihambi ngokuzigcoba ikhanda ngamafutha. (Luka 7:44-46) UmSamariya olungileyo womfanekiso kaJesu wagcoba amanxeba endoda elimele ngamafutha newayini.—Luka 10:33, 34.

EmiBhalweni iseluleko esithobayo nenduduzo kufaniswa namafutha ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwawo kabanzi kwezokwelapha. Umfundi ongumKristu uJakobe wabhala: “Ingabe ukhona ogulayo phakathi kwenu? Makabize amadoda amadala ebandla, amthandazele, amgcobe ngamafutha egameni likaJehova. Umthandazo wokholo uyokwenza ongaphilile kahle aphile, uJehova amvuse.”—Jakobe 5:14, 15.

Umkhiqizo wesihlahla somnqumo usazohlala phakade. Isihlahla esisodwa somnqumo singapha abanikazi baso amalitha amathathu kuya kwamane amafutha unyaka ngamunye kuze kuphele amakhulu eminyaka! Akukho kungabaza: Lolu ketshezi olusagolide lungayithuthukisa impilo yethu, luthobe isikhumba futhi lwenze ukudla kwethu kwehle esiphundu.

[Imibhalo yaphansi]

[Ibhokisi ekhasini 19]

Lokho Okufanele Ukwazi Ngamafutha Omnqumo

◼ Amandla ala mafutha ahlala izinyanga ezingu-18.

◼ Ukukhanya kuyawona la mafutha, ngakho kufanele agcinwe endaweni epholile, engenakho ukukhanya.

◼ Amafutha omnqumo aphelelwa amandla okukhipha umoya-mpilo ezicutshini uma esetshenziselwa ukuthosa isikhathi esingaphezu kwesisodwa.

◼ Izazi zokudla zitusa ukuthi ukuze bazuze ngokugcwele emandleni okwelapha amafutha omnqumo, abantu kufanele bawasebenzise ukuphila konke.

◼ Izinzuzo zempilo zamafutha omnqumo ziba zinkulu lapho esetshenziswa njengesithako esiyisisekelo ekudleni kwaseMedithera, okugcwele inhlanzi, imifino, ubhontshisi nezithelo.

[Izithombe ekhasini 16, 17]

Indlela Evamile Yokuthola Amafutha Omnqumo

Izisebenzi zishaya amagatsha ukuze zivune

Amatshe okugaya agqula iminqumo

Lo mshini uhluza amafutha uwahlu-kanise nezinhlamvu

Amafutha omnqumo aphuma emshinini wokugqula

[Umthombo]

Millstones and machine: Museo del Olivar y el Aceite de Baena

[Isithombe ekhasini 18]

Phezulu: Ihlathi lezihlahla zomnqumo eselinamakhulu eminyaka likhona

[Isithombe ekhasini 18]

Kwesokudla: Isibani sasendulo samafutha omnqumo

[Umthombo]

Lamp: Museo del Olivar y el Aceite de Baena

[Isithombe ekhasini 18]

Eceleni ngakwesokudla: Umfanekiso kaJesu wezintombi eziyishumi nezibani zamafutha