Ukulawulwa Kwezindiza Emoyeni—Kukuvikela Kanjani?

NGUMLOBELI WE-PHAPHAMA! EPHILIPPINES

LAPHO uhamba ngendiza, uke uzibuze ukuthi umshayeli wayo ubona kanjani ukuthi uyaphi? Mhlawumbe wazizwa unexhala lapho ucabanga ngamashumi noma ngisho namakhulu ezindiza ezehla zenyuka emkhathini ngasikhathi sinye. Zikugwema kanjani ukushayisana?

Imibuzo enjalo ibakhathaza kufanele abagibeli. Kodwa izibalo zibonisa ukuthi ukuhamba ngendiza kuphephe kakhulu,a empeleni kuphephe ngaphezu kokuhamba ngesithuthuthu noma imoto. Isizathu eziyinhloko esithuthukisa ukuphepha isimiso sokuziqondisa emoyeni.

Ukuqondisa Indiza Yakho Ngokuphepha

Ukaputeni, noma umshayeli ophethe, nguye onomthwalo oyinhloko wokuhamba kwendiza ngokuphepha. Kodwa kunezikhathi eziningi lapho engaziboni khona ezinye izindiza ezimzungezile futhi engazi nokuthi zikhona. Ngenxa yalokho, amazwe amaningi anesimiso sokulawulwa kwezindiza emoyeni. Izisebenzi ezisebenza ezikhungweni ezisemhlabeni zilandelela lonke uhambo lwezindiza ezibonakala emishinini yazo.

USamuel, oseneminyaka engu-13 elawula izindiza emoyeni eCalifornia, uthi: “Ochwepheshe abalawula izindiza bafeza indima ebalulekile ekuphepheni kwezindiza ezisemoyeni. Into yokuqala ebalulekile ukuhlukanisa izindiza zingasondelani.” UMelba, umqondisi wokulawulwa kwezindiza emoyeni, uyaqhubeka echaza, “Okokuqala ngqa ukuphepha, kodwa ngaphandle kokuphepha, sihlela nezindiza ngokushesha ukuze zihambe ngokuhleleka.” Ngakho, ngaphandle nje kokugwema ukushayisana kwezindiza, abalawuli basiza ngokuzigcina zihamba.

Konke lokhu kusho ukuthi lapho umshayeli ematasa nomsebenzi wakhe, kunabantu abaningi abasesikhungweni abalandelela ukuhamba kwaleyo ndiza. Umshayeli uhlale ekhuluma ngo-ova hhayi nje nabaqondisi abasesikhumulweni asuka kuso naleso aya kuso kodwa nalabo abasezindaweni ezihlukahlukene phakathi nohambo.

Ukuqapha lokho umshayeli angakakuboni kubaluleke kakhulu kule nkathi yezindiza ezinesivinini kakhulu. Ake sithi kunezindiza ezimbili ezibhekene ezihamba ngomzila owodwa. Lapho abashayeli bebonana ngokuqondile, kungenzeka sekusele imizuzwana nje yokugwema ukungqubuzana! Kuwumthwalo wabalawula izindiza ukuvimbela leso simo. Kusasele isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba abashayeli babonane, bayobe sebenikezwe iziqondiso ukuze baqhelelane ngebanga eliphephile.

Ukulandelela Ukuhamba Kwendiza Yakho

Imishini edlulisa amaza ka-ova esemhlabeni ikhipha izimpawu eziqondisa indiza. Umshayeli unemishini engathungatha lezo zimpawu ezivela kule mishini bese imtshela ukuthi ukuphi ngempela. Njengoba le mishini ibekwe ezikhungweni ezithile ngokuqondile, izindiza zidlula esikhungweni ngasinye zize ziyofika lapho ziya khona. Empeleni, le mishini esiza ohambweni lwezindiza seyakhe imizila ethile yokuhamba.

Abalawula izindiza emoyeni balandelela ukuhamba kwazo kule mizila yasemoyeni. Ngaphambi kokuba basuke, abashayeli bacelwa ukuba bachaze uhlelo lwabo olubonisa umzila wendiza abahlela ukuhamba ngawo. Umlawuli wezindiza unekhophi yalokho okuthiwa i-flight progress strip (uhlelo lohambo lwendiza). USalvador Rafael, oyisikhulu sesikhungo sabalawula izindiza, uchaza indlela lokhu okuwusizo ngayo: “Kunezindawo ezixhumanayo kule mizila yasemoyeni. Lapho umshayeli efika kulezo zindawo, kufanele abikele umlawuli. Umlawuli ube esephawula lokho ohlelweni lohambo lwendiza.” Manje umlawuli usenombono womzila indiza ehamba ngawo.

Ukuze athole leyo mibiko, umlawuli unelinye futhi ithuluzi—u-ova. Uyazi ukuthi indiza ikuphi, futhi umshayeli uthola iziqondiso ezimsiza ukuba agcine ibanga eliphephile phakathi kwakhe nenye indiza. Abalawuli nabashayeli bano-ova abahlukahlukene neziteshi zokuxhumana kwabo. Uma isiteshi singasebenzi, bangasebenzisa esinye.

Kuthiwani ngezindiza eziya kwamanye amazwe lapho kusetshenziswa khona izilimi ezihlukile? Ukuze kugwenywe izingozi ezingase zibangelwe ukungezwani kahle, i-International Civil Aviation Organization yakhetha isiNgisi njengolimi oluvamile kwezokundiza. Futhi njengoba amagama athile, izinhlamvu nezinombolo kuzwakala kufana lapho umuntu ekhuluma ngo-ova, abalawuli bezindiza bafundiswa ukuba bakhulume futhi baphimisele ngendlela ethile lapho benikeza abashayeli iziqondiso. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinga lokuphepha, abashayeli bacelwa ukuba “baphinde” iziqondiso ezithile abazinikezwa abalawuli.

I-radar ingelinye ithuluzi elisetshenziswa abalawuli bezindiza. Amaza ka-ova afinyelela ezindizeni athungathwa usiba lwe-radar. Izindiza zibe sezibonakala njengamachashazi kuyi-computer ye-radar yomlawuli. Izindiza eziningi zine-transponder, ethumela izimpawu zezindiza kuyi-radar. Lapho lolu phawu luhlangana nokwaziswa kwe-computer, indiza ibe isibonakala, nenombolo yayo, isivinini ehamba ngaso, ukuphakama nokuthi iwuhlobo luni lwendiza.

Uma umlawuli ebona kunesidingo sokuba indiza ishintshe indlela ukuze kugwenywe ukungqubuzana, kunezinto eziningana angazenza. Angase atshele umshayeli ukuba ashintshe (1) uhlangothi aya kulo. Lokhu kuthiwa i-vectoring. Noma angase amtshele ukuba ashintshe (2) isivinini uma, ngokwesibonelo, indiza ifuna ukudlula enye. Indlela evame kakhulu yokwenza izindiza ziqhelelane iwukushintsha (3) izinga lokuphakama.

Ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinga lokuphepha, izimiso eziningi zama-radar zingaxwayisa umlawuli lapho kuba nesimo esiyingozi. Ngokwesibonelo, kukhala izinhlabamkhosi lapho isimiso sibona ukuthi izindiza ezimbili zisondelene kakhulu. Kukhala nenye inhlabamkhosi uma kunendiza ebonakala isondela kakhulu emhlabeni.

Umgomo Uwukuba Uphephe

Kakade sekwenziwa amalungiselelo okuthuthukisa isimiso sokulawula izindiza emoyeni. Izimiso zokulawula izindiza ezisemhlabeni ngokuvamile zidinga ukuba izindiza zigcinwe emizileni ethile nasekuphakameni okuthile. Lokhu kushiya indawo enkulu engasebenzi futhi kwenze imizila ibe mide. Uhambo lwezindiza esikhathini esizayo luyoncika kakhulu ezimisweni eziqondiswa yiziphuphutheki, njenge-Global Positioning System, eziyovumela ukuba imizila yezindiza ishintshashintshwe futhi iyokwenza kube lula ukulawula izindiza eziya phesheya kwezilwandle.

Njengoba lo mbiko wethu omfushane wokulawulwa kwezindiza emoyeni ubonisile, akuyena umshayeli wakho kuphela owazi ukuthi indiza yakho ikuphi ngesikhathi esithile. Empeleni, kunabanye abantu abaningi abalandelela ukuhamba kwendiza yakho. Lesi simiso siklanyelwe ukuba sinciphise izingozi futhi sithuthukise ukuphepha. Yingakho izingozi zezindiza zimbalwa kangaka!

Ngakho uma ungumgibeli, akunasizathu sokukhathazeka. Ngokuzayo lapho uthatha uhambo lwendiza olude, khumbula ukuthi kunabalawuli bezindiza abaqaphe ukuphepha kwakho. Yehlisa umoya ukhululeke, ujabulele uhambo lwendiza olumnandi!

[Umbhalo waphansi]

[Umdwebo ekhasini 14, 15]

(Ukuze ubone ukuthi indaba ihlelwe kanjani, bheka encwadini)

UKULANDELELA UKUHAMBA KWENDIZA YAKHO

I-Global Positioning System

☒

[Isithombe ekhasini 15]

Umbhoshongo wokulawula izindiza

[Isithombe ekhasini 15]

Abalawuli bezindiza emoyeni

[Isithombe ekhasini 15]

Isikhungo sabalawuli bezindiza

[Imithombo Yesithombe ekhasini 15]

Tower and controllers: NASA Ames Research Center; control center: U. S. Federal Aviation Administration