Izingcindezi Intsha Yanamuhla Ebhekana Nazo

INKATHI YOBUSHA—ngisho nasezimweni ezinhle kunazo zonke—ingaba isikhathi esineziyaluyalu. Phakathi nesikhathi sokuthomba intsha ihlaselwa imizwa nemizwelo emisha. Nsuku zonke ibhekana nokucindezela kothisha nokontanga. Ichayeke emathonyeni angapheli e-TV ne-Internet, amabhayisikobho nomculo. Ngenxa yalokho umbiko weZizwe Ezihlangene uthi inkathi yobusha ‘iyinkathi yezinguquko ngokuvamile ehambisana nokucindezeleka kanye nokukhathazeka.’

Ngeshwa, intsha ayinalo ulwazi olwanele lokusingatha lokhu kucindezeleka nokukhathazeka ngendlela efanele. (IzAga 1:4) Uma ingaqondiswa ngendlela efanele, ingawela kalula ezindleleni zokuziphatha ezilimazayo. Ngokwesibonelo, umbiko we-UN uthi: “Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa ngokuvamile kuqala phakathi nenkathi yobusha noma eminyakeni yokungena ebudaleni.” Kungashiwo okufanayo nangezinye izindlela zokuziphatha okungafanele, ezinjengobudlova nokuba nobuhlobo bobulili nabantu abaningi.

Ngokuvamile kuba iphutha elidabukisayo uma abazali bengazinaki lezi zinto bezibheka njengezenzeka phakathi “kwabampofu” kuphela noma emaqenjini athile ezizwe. Izinkinga intsha ebhekana nazo namuhla zeqela ngalé kwemingcele yezomnotho, yezenhlalo neyobuzwe. Umlobi uScott Walter wabhala: “Uma ucabanga ukuthi inkulumo ethi ‘ingane eyihlongandlebe’ ibhekisela nje kumfana wasedolobheni oneminyaka engu-17 ovela emkhayeni ompofu futhi unina ompofu osizwa abezenhlalakahle, cishe ubungazinakile izenzakalo zamuva nje. Ingane ewuhlupho namuhla ingaba mhlophe, ingavela emikhayeni yabantu abemi kahle kuya kwabayizigwili, ingaba ngaphansi kweminyaka engu-16 (noma ibe ngaphansi kakhulu kwaleyo minyaka), kanti kalula nje ingaba umfana noma intombazane.”

Kodwa kungani intsha eningi kangaka isengozini? Intsha yezizukulwane ezidlule ayizange yini yona ibhekane nezinkinga kanye nezilingo ezifanayo? Yebo, kodwa thina siphila enkathini iBhayibheli eliyichaza ngokuthi “izikhathi ezibucayi okunzima ukubhekana nazo.” (2 Thimothewu 3:1-5) Kukhona izimo nezingcindezi ezithinta intsha ezingakaze zibe khona emlandweni. Ake sihlole ezinye zazo.

Ushintsho Ekuphileni Komkhaya

Ngokwesibonelo, cabangela ushintsho maqondana nokuphila komkhaya. I-Journal of Instructional Psychology iyabika: “Izingane zaseMelika ezingaphezu kwengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zibhekana nenkinga yokuhlukanisa kwabazali bazo ngaphambi kokuba zifinyelele eminyakeni engu-18.” Kungabikwa amanani afanayo nakwamanye amazwe aseNtshonalanga. Njengoba izibopho zabazali zomshado zigqashuka, ngokuvamile intsha kuye kudingeke ibhekane nemizwelo ebuhlungu. Le Journal ithi: “Ngokuvamile izingane ezisanda kubhekana nenkinga yokuhlukanisa kwabazali bazo zikuthola kunzima kakhulu ukufinyelela izinga elilindelekile esikoleni nasekusebenzelaneni nabanye abantu kunezingane ezivela emikhayeni enabo bobabili abazali noma emikhayeni ezinzile enomzali oyedwa noma enosingamzali . . . Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlukanisa kwabazali ngokuvamile kwenza imizwelo yengane ingazinzi kwenze nokuba ingazethembi.”

Ukwanda kwenani labesifazane abaye baqala ukusebenza nako kuye kwashintsha isimo sokuphila komkhaya. Ucwaningo oluye lwenziwa eJapane maqondana nobugebengu bentsha lwabonisa ukuthi kunzima kakhulu ngemikhaya enabazali abasebenzayo ukuba inakekele izingane kunemikhaya enomzali oyedwa ohlala ekhaya.

Yiqiniso, imikhaya eminingi idinga imiholo yabantu ababili ukuze nje ikwazi ukwanelisa izidingo zokuphila. Imiholo yabantu ababili ingenza intsha ikwazi nokuthola impilo enethezeke kakhudlwana. Kodwa kuhambisana nesici esingesihle: Izigidi zezingane zifikela emakhaya akhala ibhungane lapho zivela esikoleni. Lapho abazali befika ekhaya, ngokuvamile basuke sebekhathele futhi begxile kakhulu ezinkingeni ababhekene nazo emsebenzini. Uba yini umphumela? Intsha eningi ayisanakwa ngokwanele abazali bayo. “Ekhaya asisichithi isikhathi sindawonye njengomkhaya,” kukhononda omunye osemusha.

Izingqapheli eziningi zicabanga ukuthi lokhu kuyibika elibi maqondana nekusasa lentsha. UDkt. Robert Shaw uthi: “Ngicabanga ukuthi izindlela zabazali zokukhulisa izingane zabo eziqale ukuvela eminyakeni engu-30 edlule ziye zaveza izingane ezizihlukanisayo, ezingalawuleki, futhi ezingenawo amakhono okukhulumisana nawokufunda. Abazali bazithola beyizigqila zomphakathi othanda izinto ezibonakalayo, ogcizelela kakhulu ukufinyelela okungalé kwalokho umuntu angakufinyelela, okuholela ekubeni bachithe amahora amaningi emsebenzini nasekusebenziseni imali eningi kakhulu ukuthi bangakwazi ukwenza izinto ezidingekayo ekwakheni isibopho esingokomzwelo nezingane zabo.”

Okunye okusongela inhlalakahle yentsha eyevile eshumini nambili yilokhu: Izingane zabazali abasebenzayo zichitha isikhathi zizodwa zingaqashiwe. Uma abazali bengaziqaphi ngokwanele izingane bazidonsela amanzi ngomsele.

Imibono Eshintshayo Ngesiyalo

Imibono eshintshayo maqondana nesiyalo sabazali nayo ibe nethonya entsheni yanamuhla. Njengoba uDkt. Ron Taffel ekubeka ngembaba, abazali abaningi “abalisebenzisi nhlobo igunya labo.” Lapho lokhu kwenzeka, intsha ikhula ingayazi nakancane imithetho noma iziqondiso ezilawula ukuziphatha kwayo.

Kwezinye izimo, kubonakala sengathi abazali bathonywe kakhulu yizenzakalo ezimbi ezabehlela lapho besebancane. Bafuna ukuba abangane bezingane zabo—hhayi abazali abanesandla esiqinile. Omunye umama uyavuma: “Ngangiyekelela kakhulu. Abazali bami babengiphatha ngesandla esiqine ngempela; ngangifuna ukumphatha ngendlela ehlukile umntanami. Kodwa ngangenza iphutha.”

Abanye abazali beqisa kangakanani kule ndaba? I-USA Today iyabika: “Inhlolo-vo yamuva nje eyenziwa entsheni engaba ngu-600 eyelashelwa izidakamizwa eNew York, eTexas, eFlorida naseCalifornia iye yabonisa ukuthi amaphesenti angu-20 ayengagcinanga nje ngokuphuza nabazali bawo kodwa futhi ayehlanganyele nabo ekusebenziseni kabi izidakamizwa, kanti amaphesenti amahlanu ale ntsha empeleni áfundiswa onina noma oyise ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa—ngokuvamile insangu.” Yini nje ngempela ebingashukumisela umzali ukuba enze into engenangqondo kangaka? Omunye umzali wavuma: “Ngathi endodakazini yami ngincamela ukuba ngiyivumele isebenzise izidakamizwa ekhaya lapho ngingakwazi ukuyibeka iso khona.” Abanye kubonakala sengathi bacabanga ukuthi ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa ndawonye kuyindlela “yokwakha isibopho” nezingane zabo.

Ukuhlaselwa Imithombo Yezindaba

Kanti-ke kukhona nethonya elinamandla lemithombo yezindaba. Umcwaningi uMarita Moll uthi olunye ucwaningo lwémbula ukuthi ngokwesilinganiso intsha e-United States ichitha amahora amane nemizuzu engu-48 ngosuku igqolozele i-TV noma isebenzisa i-computer.

Ingabe kubi ngempela lokho? Isihloko esakhishwa kumagazini i-Science sabika ukuthi “izinhlangano zochwepheshe eziyisithupha futhi ezinkulu e-United States,” kuhlanganise ne-American Medical Association, zavumelana ngazwilinye ngokuthi ubudlova obuvezwa imithombo yezindaba buhlangene “nokuziphatha ngobudlova kwezinye izingane.” “Naphezu kwalokhu kuvumelana kochwepheshe,” kuphawula umagazini i-Science, “kubonakala sengathi abantu abavamile nje abasiqondi kahle isigijimi esisakazwa emithonjeni yezindaba evamile sokuthi ubudlova obuvezwa imithombo yezindaba bunomthelela emphakathini onobudlova kakhulu.”

Ngokwesibonelo, cabanga ngama-video omculo. Ngokuvamile abazali bashaqiswa nje ukubona ukuthi amanye ala ma-video abeka izinto ngembaba kangakanani nanokuthi aveza ubulili ngendlela eyingcaca kangakanani. Ingabe angaba nomthelela ngempela endleleni ezinye izingane eziziphatha ngayo? Ngokolunye ucwaningo olwenziwa kubafundi basekolishi abangu-500, “izosha zomculo onobudlova zandisa imicabango nemizwa yobudlova.” Kanti ngokolunye ucwaningo lwamuva nje, “intsha eyevile eshumini nambili echitha isikhathi esiningi ibukele ubulili nobudlova obuvezwa . . . kuma-video omculo we-rap enolimi olungcolile makhulu kakhulu amathuba okuba ilingise le mikhuba ekuphileni okungokoqobo.” Lolu cwaningo olwenziwa emantombazaneni angaphezu kuka-500 lwembula ukuthi lawo ayebukela kakhulu ama-video omculo we-rap enolimi olungcolile ayemakhulu amathuba okuba ashaye othisha, aboshwe nokuba alale nabantu abaningi.

Intsha Nama-Computer

Eminyakeni yamuva nje i-computer iye yaba nendima eyinhloko ekulolongeni izingqondo zentsha. “Inani labantu abanama-computer abo siqu emakhaya liye landa ngendlela eyisimanga emashumini eminyaka amuva,” kusho umagazini i-Pediatrics. “Kulo lonke izwe [lase-United States], ezindlini eziyizingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu okwakukhona kuzo izingane ezifunda isikole (ezineminyaka engu-6 kuya kwengu-17) kwakune-computer . . . Inani lezingane ezineminyaka emithathu kuya kweyishumi nesikhombisa ubudala e-United States ezihlala ezindlini ezine-computer landa lisuka kumaphesenti angu-55 ngo-1998 laya kwangu-65 ngo-2000.” Ukusetshenziswa kwama-computer kuye kwanda nakwamanye amazwe.

Kodwa-ke akudingekile ukuba umuntu osemusha abe ne-computer ukuze akwazi ukuyisebenzisa. Kungakho omunye umcwaningi ethi “amaphesenti angaba ngu-90 ezingane ezineminyaka emihlanu kuya kweyishumi nesikhombisa asebenzisa ama-computer, futhi amaphesenti angu-59 azo asebenzisa i-Internet.” Lokhu kunikeza lezi zingane ukwaziswa okuningi kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili—okuyinto enhle uma i-computer isetshenziswa ngendlela enengqondo, futhi abadala bekuqondisa ngendlela efanele ukusetshenziswa kwayo. Kodwa okudabukisayo ukuthi abazali abaningi baye bavumela izingane ukuba zisebenzise i-computer ngendlela ezithanda ngayo.

Eveza ubufakazi balokhu, umcwaningi uMoll wabhala kuyi-Phi Delta Kappan ethi ngokocwaningo olwenziwa ngo-2001 maqondana nokusetshenziswa kwe-Internet, “abazali abangamaphesenti angu-71 babecabanga ukuthi ‘bazi okuningi noma okwanele nje’ ngendlela izingane zabo eziyisebenzisa ngayo i-Internet. Kodwa lapho izingane zibuzwa wona kanye lo mbuzo, ezingamaphesenti angu-70 zathi abazali bazo ‘babazi okuncane kakhulu noma bengazi lutho’ ngokusebenzisa kwazo i-Internet.” Ngokwalolu cwaningo, “izingane ezingamaphesenti angu-30 ezineminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye kuya kweyishumi zathi zazingena ezingosini zezingxoxo zobulili nezabantu abadala kuphela. Le nkinga iya iba yimbi kakhulu, ngoba izingane ezingamaphesenti angu-58 ezineminyaka engu-11 kuya kwengu-12 nezingamaphesenti angu-70 ezineminyaka engu-13 kuya kwengu-14 kanye nezingamaphesenti angu-72 ezineminyaka engu-15 kuya kwengu-17 zabika ukuthi ziyangena kulezi zingosi. . . . Ocwaningweni olwenziwa eBrithani ngokusetshenziswa kwe-Internet emakhaya, umzali oyedwa kwabayisikhombisa wavuma ukuthi wayengazi nhlobo ukuthi izingane zakhe zibukani kuyi-Internet.”

Uma izingane zisebenzisa i-Internet zingaqashiwe, zingase ziwele engozini yokubukela izithombe ezingcolile zobulili. Kodwa izingozi azigcini nje lapho. UTaffel, ocashunwe ekuqaleni, uyakhala: “Izingane zethu zizenzela abangane esikoleni nakuyi-Internet—futhi ngenxa yalokho, zichitha isikhathi esiningi nezingane ngokuvamile esingasoze sazazi.”

Ngokusobala, intsha yanamuhla ichayeke ezingcindezini nasezinkingeni ezingakaze zibe khona ezizukulwaneni ezidlule. Kungakho nje intsha eningi yenza izinto ezishaqisayo! Kukhona yini okungenziwa ukuze kusizwe intsha yanamuhla?

[Amazwi acashunwe esihlokweni ekhasini 6]

“Ngicabanga ukuthi izindlela zabazali zokukhulisa izingane zabo eziqale ukuvela eminyakeni engu-30 edlule ziye zaveza izingane ezizihlukanisayo, ezingalawuleki, futhi ezingenawo amakhono okukhulumisana nawokufunda.”—UDKT. ROBERT SHAW

[Isithombe ekhasini 6, 7]

Ukuqala kwabesifazane abaningi ukusebenza kuye kwashintsha isimo sokuphila komkhaya

[Isithombe ekhasini 7]

Intsha engaqashiwe ingangena kalula engozini

[Isithombe ekhasini 8]

Abacwaningi baye bahlanganisa ama-video omculo onobudlova nokuziphatha okunobudlova

[Isithombe ekhasini 9]

Uyazi yini ukuthi izingane zakho zibukelani kuyi-Internet?