Ukubuka Okwezwe
“Ukuthambekela Kokungathembani”
I-Monde iphephandaba lesiFulentshi liphawula ukuthi “kunesimo esiyinhlekelele esisongela uMkhandlu Wezwe Wamasonto.” Lo mkhandlu, owagubha iminyaka engu-50 ngo-August nyakenye, wasungulwa ukuze kuhlanganiswe izinkolo zobuKristu emhlabeni wonke. Nokho, eminyakeni yamuva nje kuye kwaqubuka “ukuthambekela kokungathembani okusongela ukuhlanganyela” kwezinkolo zobu-Orthodox kule nhlangano. Esinye sezikhalazo esavezwa amasonto obu-Orthodox sasiwukuthi amanye amazwe aseMpumalanga aye aba “izisulu zokuguqulelwa ezinkolweni” zezithunywa zevangeli ezingamaKatolika namaProthestani. Elinye lalawa masonto, iSonto Lobu-Orthodox LaseGeorgia, selihoxile kakade kulo mkhandlu onamasonto angu-330. Ngakho, leli phephandaba lithi “ukuphuma kwamaSonto Obu-Orthodox eMkhandlwini Wezwe eGeneva akusewona nje umqondo ongenangqondo.”
Akukephuzi Ukuba Umuntu Angayeka
I-Daily Telegraph yaseBrithani ibika ukuthi ucwaningo oluthathe iminyaka engu-40 luveza ukuthi abantu abayeka ukubhema, ngisho nalapho sebeneminyaka engu-60, bayinciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokungenwa umdlavuza. UProfesa Julian Peto, we-Cancer Research Institute eSutton, eNgilandi, uthi: “Siwuqaphelé nyakenye umonakalo omkhulu obangelwa ukubhema, okubulala isigamu sabantu ababhemayo hhayi ingxenye yesine njengoba sasicabanga, kodwa futhi siqaphele nokuthi zinkulu izinzuzo zokuyeka [ukubhema], ngisho nalapho umuntu esekhulile.” Izingane zixwayiswa njalo ngezingozi zokubhema. Nokho, uPeto ubonisa ukuthi abantu abadala kufanele bazi ukuthi ukuyeka ugwayi kungayinciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokungenwa umdlavuza wamaphaphu.
Umshado Ungaletha Injabulo
Abanye bagxeka umshado ngokuthi uyacindezela, kanti izinhlelo zamahlaya ze-TV ziwuveza njengento eyisidala kakhulu. Kodwa amaqiniso abonisani? Ingabe abantu abangashadile baphila kangcono? Akunjalo ngokwesazi sezokuhlalisana kwabantu esicashunwe kuyi-Philadelphia Inquirer. Sithi abantu abashadile “ngokuvamile bajabula kakhulu, banempilo engcono futhi bacebile.” Njengeqembu, labo abashadile abacindezeleki kakhulu, futhi abavamile ukuba yizigebengu noma basebenzise izidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni, kanti ngokuvamile abaludingi usizo lwezenhlalakahle. Akumangalisi ukuthi ochwepheshe bathi abantu abashadile baphila isikhathi eside.
Igazi Elinamagciwane?
Amaphephandaba angu-9 ansuku zonke eNew York City muva nje abenesikhangiso esinesihloko esikhulu esithi “Kubo Bonke Abampontshelwa Igazi Kusukela Ngo-January 1991 Kuya Ku-December 1996 Esibhedlela SaseNew York Noma ENew Jersey.” Nakuba abaxhasi balesi sikhangiso, iNew York Blood Center, bethi umgomo waso kwakuwukuqinisekisa abantu abampontshelwa igazi ekuqaleni kwawo-1990 ukuthi lelo gazi laliphephile, kungenzeka saba nomphumela ohlukile kubantu. Ngani? Ngokusobala esinye isizathu esikhathazayo kwakuyisixwayiso salesi sikhangiso, esasithi: “Abantu abathola igazi elalithekelisiwe phakathi naleyo nkathi bangase bathole izifo ezitholakala ngokumpontshelwa, njenge-HIV nesifo sokusha kwesibindi.”
Akulula Ukuxilongela Umdlavuza
Umagazini i-New Scientist ubika ukuthi “izibalo ezingokomthetho eziphathelene nezimbangela zokufa kungenzeka zilithatha kancane inani labantu ababulawa umdlavuza.” UDkt. Elizabeth Burton, weMedical Center of Louisiana eNew Orleans, wahlola amarekhodi abantu abangu-1 105 abahlinzwa ngemva kokufa phakathi kuka-1986 no-1995, ukuze athole ukuthi umdlavuza waxilongwa kanjani emthola-mpilo uma kuqhathaniswa nalapho kuhlinzwa ngemva kokufa. NgokukaBurton, ezigulini ezingamaphesenti angu-44, umdlavuza wawungazange utholwe noma kwakwenziwe iphutha ngohlobo lomdlavuza umuntu analo lapho kuxilongwa. Njengoba okwamanje kuhlinzwa izidumbu ezingamaphesenti ayishumi—uma kuqhathaniswa nezingamaphesenti angu-50 ngawo-1960—lo magazini uthi “amaphutha amaningi angase angatholakali.”
Igciwane Eliphikelelayo
I-Taenia solium, igciwane elibangela ukugula okuthiwa i-cysticercosis kubantu, liseyinkathazo kwamanye amazwe asathuthuka. Ngokuvamile lokhu kugula kubangelwa ukudla inyama yengulube enaleli gciwane engaphekisisiwe noma ukudla okuneziphungumangathi zaleli gciwane. Ngokwephephandaba laseMexico City i-Excélsior, “kunzima ukuthungatha” leli gciwane, ngenxa yalokho “lingahlala emzimbeni womuntu iminyaka eminingi engazi.” Izimpawu zingase zihlanganise imfiva, ubuhlungu bekhanda, imiqhakanyeko nokungaboni kahle. Leli phephandaba lithi ukuze babhubhise leli gciwane, abacwaningi baseNational Autonomous University eMexico basazama ukwenza umuthi wokugoma izingulube.
Izimpawu Eziyisixwayiso Zokufa Uhlangothi
I-FDA Consumer ibika ukuthi “abantu abaningi abazi ngisho nolulodwa uphawu lwesifo sohlangothi.” Lo magazini uyanezela: “Bangaphezudlwana nje kwesigamu abantu okwaxoxwa nabo abasho okungenani uphawu olulodwa lwesifo sohlangothi, kanti bangamaphesenti angu-68 kuphela ababazi isici esisodwa esingabangela isifo sohlangothi.” Kunalesi simo naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi isifo sohlangothi siyimbangela enkulu yokufa futhi siyimbangela enkulu yokukhubazeka emazweni anezimboni aseNtshonalanga. Ukuze unciphise umonakalo obangelwa ukufa uhlangothi, kubalulekile ukuba ufune usizo lukadokotela ngokushesha lapho kuvela izimpawu. Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu zokufa uhlangothi ukuba buthakathaka ngokungazelele, ukuba ndikindiki, noma ukukhubazeka kobuso, ingalo, noma umlenze; ukufiphala kwamehlo ngokungalindelekile, ikakhulukazi esweni elilodwa; ubunzima bokukhuluma noma ukuqonda okushiwoyo; nokuba nesiyezi noma ukudiyazela ngaphandle kwesizathu, ikakhulukazi uma kuhambisana nezinye izimpawu eziyisixwayiso.
Ukushisa Izincwadi Eziwuchungechunge
Kusukela ngo-1992 bekubanjwa umkhosi wamaBuddha wokushisa izincwadi eziwuchungechunge edolobheni laseNagoya, eJapane. Amaposi enza amabhokisi okufaka izincwadi abantu abangazifuni kulo lonke idolobha futhi acela ithempeli lamaBuddha ukuba libambe umkhosi wokuzishisa. I-Asahi Evening News yachaza ukuthi le nkonzo ihlelelwe “abantu abanezinkolelo-ze abesabayo ukuzishaya indiva noma ukuzidabula bona ngokwabo lezi zincwadi.” Kungani besaba? Lezi zincwadi azibathembisi izinzuzo nje kuphela labo abalandela iziyalezo. Zibuye zisongele noma ubani onqamula lolu chungechunge ngokuthi uzovelelwa yishwa. Ngokwesibonelo, enye incwadi yakhipha isixwayiso sokuthi umuntu othile owanqamula lolu chungechunge eTokyo wayebulewe.
Amalungelo Ezindlovu
Ezingxenyeni eziningi zaseNdiya, izindlovu ziyingxenye ebalulekile yezisebenzi. Umagazini i-Week ubika ukuthi esifundazweni sasenyakatho yelaseNdiya i-Uttar Pradesh, izindlovu zibalwa ezinhlwini zikahulumeni njengezisebenzi zesikhathi esigcwele eziholelwayo. Njengoba iqala ukusebenza lapho ineminyaka engaba yishumi, indlovu ingasebenzela abaqashi bayo iminyaka engaba ngu-50. Lapho ithatha umhlalaphansi, indlovu ithola impesheni njengezinye izisebenzi zikahulumeni, kanti yabelwa i-mahout, umqeqeshi nomnakekeli wezindlovu, ukuze aqikelele ukuthi le ndlovu inakekelwa futhi yondliwa kahle. Izinzuzo ezitholwa izindlovu eziyizinsikazi phakathi nesikhathi sokusebenza zihlanganisa ukunikezwa isikhathi esiwunyaka sokuba yizindlezane e-zoo ngaphambi kokuba zibuyele emsebenzini obalulekile wokudonsa izingodo nokuqeqesha izindlovu zasendle, nokugada emapaki kahulumeni nasezindaweni zamahlathi abiyelwe.
Ingabe Sekuzofinyelelwa Ulimi Lwembulunga Yonke?
“Ezweni elithile elisenkabeni ye-Asia lapho izilimi zaseNtshonalanga zingakhulunywa khona,” umfana oneminyaka engu-8 utshela uyise ukuthi ufuna ukufunda isiNgisi. Uyise uyabuza ukuthi siyini isizathu. “Ngenxa yokuthi i-computer ikhuluma isiNgisi, Baba.” I-Asiaweek iphawula ukuthi leyo ndaba “iveza lokho abaningi abakubheka njengomphumela we-Internet oyisinyenyela . . . , okungamandla ayo okusheshisa isimo esiphuthumayo kakade sokushintshela olimini oluvame embulungeni yonke—isiNgisi.” Lo magazini uyanezela: “Lokhu akubangelwa yimizamo yokufinyelela ubudlelwane bembulunga yonke. Kumane nje kuwusizo. Ukuze sixhumane futhi sihwebelane ngemishini sisebenzisa i-Internet, kudingeka ulimi oluvamile ukuze kube lula ukusebenzelana.” Kungani kusetshenziswa isiNgisi? Kungenxa yokuthi “ibhizinisi lama-PC laqala e-United States, kanjalo ne-Internet. Cishe izinto ezingu-80% ezikuma-computer namuhla ziyisiNgisi.” Ukusebenzisa ezinye izilimi akusheshi kwezinye izimo ngenxa yokuthi kunzima ukuzivumelanisa nezinkinobho zomshini ezisekelwe esiNgisini. I-Asiaweek ithi: “Lokhu kuyosho ukulahlekelwa okuthile. Izazi zezilimi zibikezela ukuthi izilimi eziyisigamu kwezingaba ngu-6 000 ezikhulunywa namuhla ziyobe zingasasetshenziswa ekupheleni kweminyaka eyikhulu ezayo, mhlawumbe naseminyakeni engu-20 ezayo.”