Ukubuka Okwezwe

Inkululeko Engokwenkolo Icatshangelwa Kabusha EGreece

“Kubonakala sengathi muva nje uhulumeni [waseGreece] uyazikhathalela izimpikiswano ezikhuluma ngelungelo lenkululeko engokwenkolo, futhi icabangela nokuchitshiyelwa komthetho-sisekelo okusazocatshangelwa,” kubika iphephandaba lase-Athens i-Vima. “Kuye kwasungulwa ikomiti engekho emthethweni eMnyangweni Wezangaphandle ukuze iphinde ihlole isimo somthetho ophathelene nezindaba zenkululeko engokwenkolo, imithetho yobushiqela kaMetaxas yokwenza ukuguqulela abantu kwenye inkolo kube icala elibomvu, nokuthi kungaphansi kwaziphi izimo lapho izinkolo ezingezona ezobu-Orthodox ezinabantu abambalwa zivunyelwe khona ukusungula amasonto nezindawo zemihlangano.” Lo mbiko uyaqhubeka uthi lesi sinyathelo siye sathathwa ikakhulu ngenxa yamacala amaningi alethwa oFakazi BakaJehova baseGreece eNkantolo YaseYurophu Yamalungelo Abantu.

IsiLatini Sisaphila

IsiLatini sisewulimi olungokomthetho eVatican City, ngisho noma lolu limi lwayekwa ngawo-1960 ukusetshenziswa emidantini yokukhulekela yamaRoma Katolika. Ochwepheshe bahumushela izincwadi zopapa olimini lwesiLatini, kodwa manje sekuyaqabukela ukuba ilusebenzise kwayona iVatican. Nokho, ngo-November 1997, upapa wakhala ngokwehla kokukhulunywa kwesiLatini futhi wanxusa ukuba sivuselelwe. Okwamanje, iqembu lezazi zeVatican seliqede umkhankaso weminyaka engu-8 likhiqiza isichazamazwi sesiLatini esihambisana nesikhathi. Amagama anamuhla anjengelithi “isifutho se-aerosol,” “isikhumulo sezindiza,” “isitolo sezinto ezihlukahlukene,” “itekisi,” nelithi “isiminyaminya sezimoto” manje asenamagama awo esiLatini. Ngisho nezingcingo eziphathwayo esezigcwele yonke indawo zibizwa ngokuthi telephonium cellulare. Kunezindaba ezinhle nakakhulu ngabashisekeli besiLatini. Umpristi waseRoma manje usesungule iNgosi yolimi lwesiLatini kuyi-Internet, kubika i-Times yaseLondon.

Izithombe “Ezenziwe Kabusha”

Ngonyaka ka-2000, kungenzeka ukuthi izithombe ezisemapaki omphakathi aseRoma kube sekungezenziwe kabusha zonke. Ngani? “Ayikho enye indlela esingenza ngayo ngaphandle kokwenza ezintsha uma sifuna ukulondoloza izikhumbuzo,” kuchaza uCarla Benocci ongomunye wabantu bemiphakathi yaseRoma ethanda umlando. Wanezela ngokuthi ezinye zazo ‘seziwohloke ngokwesabekayo, ngenxa yesikhathi eside zikhona, ngenxa yezimoto, nabantu abacekela phansi nabathenga izinto zokwebiwa.’ Kusahlolwa ukuthi iziphi izinto ezingase zisetshenziswe okungaqinisekwa ukuthi ziyozenza zibe zinhle njengezakuqala ngesikhathi esifanayo zimelane nentuthu eyonakalisayo nabantu abazicekela phansi. Ezinye “ezenziwe kabusha” zenziwe nge-resin; ezinye zenziwe ngosimende wase umbozwa ngezinhlayiya zemabula. “Zifana nsé nezakuqala,” kusho uBenocci, “kangangokuthi, amasela ecabanga ukuthi ezangempela, asinquma esinye ukuze antshontshe ikhanda laso esinye azama ukusintshontsha siphelele.” Kuthiwani ngezasekuqaleni? Zizogcinwa emamnyuziyamu, lapho zingaziswa khona ngaphandle kokuba sengozini.

Ukungondleki Kubulala Izingane

“Ukungondleki kubulala izingane eziningi ngaphezu kwanoma iluphi olunye ubhadane, inhlekelele engokwemvelo noma impi,” kubika i-Monde yaseFrance ephuma nsuku zonke. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi cishe izigidi eziyisikhombisa zezingane ziyafa unyaka ngamunye ngenxa yokungondleki. Umbiko we-United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) wango-1997 ubonisa ukuthi ukungondleki kuyimbangela yokufa kwamaphesenti angu-55 ezingane eziyizigidi ezingu-12 ezineminyaka engaphansi kwemihlanu ezifa unyaka ngamunye. Ngaphandle kokubulala izingane, ukungondleki kubangela ukukhubazeka okuningi okungokwengqondo nokungokomzimba futhi kwenze ukuba isimiso sokuzivikela somzimba sibe buthakathaka. ENingizimu Asia, ingane eyodwa kwezimbili ayondlekile, futhi e-Afrika, eyodwa kwezintathu engondlekile. Nokho, le nkinga iyawathinta namazwe anezimboni. Ngokwesibonelo, i-UNICEF ibika ukuthi e-United States, ingane eyodwa kwezine ezineminyaka engaphansi kwengu-12 ubudala ayikutholi ukondleka okudingekayo.

Amanzi Enyangeni?

Umkhumbi-mkhathi i-Lunar Prospector uye wathola okubonakala kuyiqhwa ezindaweni ezibandayo zasenyangeni, kubika i-New York Times. Izinto zokuhlola zalo mkhumbi-mkhathi zibonisa ukuthi kukhona i-hydrogen, futhi kucatshangwa ukuthi i-hydrogen esenyangeni ingaba sesimweni samanzi kuphela. Kukholelwa ukuthi amanzi asesimweni sezinhlayiya zeqhwa ezincane ezixubene nenhlabathi. Kubonakala sengathi zimelele iphesenti elilodwa noma ngaphansi lenhlabathi engamadwala. Kakade abanye ososayensi sebethi lawa manzi angasiza ekusekeleni abantu abaya enyangeni futhi anikeze imikhumbi-mkhathi esuka enyangeni i-hydrogen ne-oxygen kokuyisekela. Abanye bakhathazeka ngokuthi ngisho noma lawo manzi ekhona, ngeke konge ukuwakhipha. UDkt. Bruce Murray, we-California Institute of Technology, wathi kungonga ukuletha amanzi avela emhlabeni kunokuwakhipha enyangeni.

Isixwayiso Ngesidambisa-zinhlungu

“Ukweqisa kancane nje i-acetaminophen—isithako esinamandla kuTylenol, i-Excedrin, nakweminye imithi eminingi engagunyazwa udokotela—kungenza umonakalo omkhulu esibindini, ikakhulukazi uma ixutshwe nophuzo oludakayo,” kuxwayisa umagazini i-Health, futhi kungabulala. “Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi bangaphinda isilinganiso somuthi kabili noma kathathu futhi lokho kungabalimazi,” kusho uWilliam Lee, isazi semithi yezifo ezingadingi ukuhlinzwa e-University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. “Akunjalo ngalesi sidakamizwa.” Njengoba umzimba ugaya i-acetaminophen, ukhiqiza okunye eceleni okuwushevu esibindini. Isibindi sizivikela ngento elwisana nobuthi bezidakamizwa ebizwa ngokuthi i-glutathione. Nokho, ukweqisa i-acetaminophen kungawehlula amandla esibindi okuzivikela. I-alcohol iqeda i-glutathione, ngakho-ke kuyingozi kakhulu ukuphuza lesi sidakamizwa ngemva kokuphuza iziphuzo ezidakayo ezimbalwa. Futhi njengoba i-acetaminophen itholakala emikhiqizweni engaphezu kwengu-300, kulula ukuyeqisa ungaqaphele.

Izifundo Zokuthunjwa

Izingane ezikoleni zaseTaiwan manje sezinesifundo esisha—isifundo sokuthunjwa. “Izingane zithunjwa kakhulu eTaiwan ukudlula noma yikuphi ngaphandle kwePhilippines, ngesilinganiso sokuthunjwa kwengane eyodwa njalo emva kwezinsuku ezimbili nengxenye,” kusho i-Asiaweek. Abazali, bekhathazeka ngokuthi izingane zabo zingase zibe izisulu zokuthunjwa ezilandelayo njengoba ubugebengu buqhubeka bukhula, bacela lolu hlelo. Lesi sifundo sokuthunjwa siqeqesha izingane ukuba ziqaphele uma zihamba zodwa, uma zizogibela ikheshi nalapho zigibele izinto zokuhamba zomphakathi. Zifunda ukuqaphela abantu abasolisayo nokuthi zenzenjani uma zithunjwa. Nakuba lesi sifundo singajabulisi, kwenziwa umzamo wokusiza izingane ukuba zibe nombono oqondile ngokuphila.

Sisindile “Ekuqothulweni”

Isikhovana sasehlathini, okwakucatshangwa ukuthi siqothuliwe ngoba engekho owake wathi usibonile cishe iminyaka engu-113, siye sabonakala futhi sathathwa isithombe endaweni enemithi eduze neShahada, eNdiya, enyakatho-mpumalanga yeMumbai. Le nyoni ensundu engamasentimitha angu-20 ubude inamehlo amakhulu, isho ngoqhwaku olukhulu, izinyawo nezinzipho ezinkulu. “Ibhekwa njengenye yezinyoni eziyimfihlakalo eNdiya,” kusho uPamela Rasmussen, we-National Museum of Natural History eWashington, owayithatha isithombe, yena kanye nabanye asebenza nabo ababili. “Lena into eyenzeka kanye ekuphileni.” Izinhlobo ezimbili ezisalokhu ziyimfihlakalo, obungekho ubufakazi obubhaliwe bokuthi ziye zasinda, amadada anamakhanda abomvana, agcina ukubonakala ngawo-1930, kanye nezigwaca zasentabeni iHimalaya, osekuphele cishe iminyaka eyikhulu zingabonwa.

“Isidakamizwa Esingeyona Ngempela Ingozi”?

Amandla kashokoledi okushukumisa, okuqeda ukucindezeleka nokuvusa inkanuko kuye kwaqhoshwa ngawo amakhulu eminyaka. Nokho, ukucwaninga kwamuva kungase kubonise ukuthi ushokoledi ngempela uyalithinta “izinga lokukhathazeka, ukuthula kwengqondo, nokuziphatha ngokobulili,” kubika iphephandaba laseFrance i-Monde. Ososayensi baye bathola isithako esisodwa esikhona kushokoledi esinezici ezithile ezifana nezama-amphetamine nesinye “esinesici esivelele esilwa nokucindezeleka.” Ukucwaninga okusha kuye kwembula nokuba khona kwe-anandamide, into edlulisa izinzwa ekhiqiza “ukwanda kwemizwa nenjabulo” njenge-cannabis. Lokhu, kuhlanganise nokuthi ushokoledi unobuthi obuncane kwaholela ekubeni leli phephandaba liphethe kanje: “Ngokushukumisa ukusebenza komzimba nokwengqondo, ukunikeza amandla nokuvuselela umuzwa wenjabulo nenhlalakahle ngaphandle kokuba ucishe ube nengozi, kanye nezinga elincane lokulutheka, ushokoledi uyaphumelela njengesidakamizwa esingeyona ngempela ingozi.”