ISonto LamaKatolika Nokuziphendukela Kwemvelo

Ngumlobeli we-Phaphama! e-Italy

NGO-APRIL 26, 1882, uCharles Darwin wangcwatshelwa esontweni iWestminster Abbey, eLondon. Kungenzeka kwabanye isonto labonakala liyindawo engafanele neze yokungcwaba indoda eyamangalelwa ‘ngokususa uNkulunkulu esihlalweni sobukhosi’ ngenkolelo-mbono yayo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo ngokuzikhethela. Nokho, sekuyiminyaka engaphezu kweyikhulu ithuna likaDarwin likuleyo ndawo.

Ngemva kokunyatheliswa kwencwadi kaDarwin ethi Origin of Species ngo-1859, isimo sengqondo sezazi zemfundiso yenkolo sashintsha kancane kancane ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Isazi semfundiso yenkolo uCarlo Molari sabhala ngendlela inkathi “yempi yasobala” eyavula ngayo “ithuba lokubekwa phansi kwezikhali” ekuqaleni kwaleli khulu leminyaka. Sathi ngemva kwalokho “kwacelwa umaluju” maphakathi nawo-1900 futhi ekugcineni kwaba “nokuthula” okukhona namuhla.

Ngaphambi KukaDarwin

Yiqiniso, umqondo wokuziphendukela kwemvelo awusungulwanga uDarwin. Izazi zefilosofi zasendulo zazinombono wokuguquka kwento ephilayo ibe ngenye ehlukile. Imibono yokuqala ekhona namuhla yokuziphendukela kwemvelo yasungulwa izazi zemvelo eziningi zekhulu le-18.

Phakathi nekhulu le-18 nele-19, izazi eziningi zahlongoza izinkolelo-mbono ezihlukene zokuziphendukela kwemvelo, ngisho noma amagama athi “ukuziphendukela kwemvelo” ayengavamile. Umkhulu kaDarwin, u-Erasmus Darwin (1731-1802), waveza imibono eminingi yokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwenye yezincwadi zakhe, futhi leyo ncwadi yafakwa ohlwini lweSonto LamaKatolika lwezincwadi ezenqatshelwe.

Okwabangela “Impi Yasobala”

Ezinye izazi zabheka inkolelo-mbono kaDarwin njengethuluzi eliwusizo lokuthena amandla abefundisi. Ngakho kwagqashuka impi evuthayo. Ngo-1860 ababhishobhi baseJalimane bagomela ngokuthi: “Okhokho bethu badalwa uNkulunkulu ngokuqondile. Ngakho sithi uphambene ngokuphelele nemiBhalo Engcwele Nokholo umbono walabo abathi umzimba womuntu wavela esimweni esingaphelele ngoshintsho olwazenzakalela.”

Ngokufanayo, ngo-May 1877, uPapa Pius IX wancoma udokotela waseFrance uConstantin James ngokunyathelisa incwadi emelene nokuziphendukela kwemvelo esekela ukulandisa kukaGenesise ngendalo. Isiwombe sokuqala salempi safinyelela umvuthwandaba ngochungechunge lwezincwadi ezakhishwa yi-Pontifical Biblical Commission phakathi kuka-1905 no-1909. Kwenye yalezi zincwadi, lekhomishane yamemezela ukuthi izahluko zokuqala ezintathu zikaGenesise zingokomlando futhi kufanele zibhekwe “njengomlando ongokoqobo.”

‘Ukubekwa Phansi Kwezikhali’ Kanye ‘Nokucela Umaluju’

Nokho, njengoba ithonya lenkolelo-mbono kaDarwin lalikhula emkhakheni wezolwazi, izazi zemfundiso yenkolo ezingamaKatolika, njengomJesuit waseFrance uTeilhard de Chardin, zaqala ukushintshela ekuziphendukeleni kwemvelo. Nakuba imibono kaTeilhard yayihlukile kweyabasekeli bokuziphendukela kwemvelo abavamile, kusukela ngo-1921 kuqhubeke wayebheka “ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kwezinto eziphilayo . . . njengokuqiniseke ngempela.” Ukuvumelana phakathi kwesonto lamaKatolika nokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwaphawuleka ngokwandayo.

Ngo-1948 omunye umJesuit wathi: “Eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-20, ziye zanda ngokuphawulekayo izazi zemfundiso yenkolo ezisadla ngoludala, ezithi ukuvumelana [phakathi kokuziphendukela kwemvelo nesonto lamaKatolika] kungenzeka uma kubekelwe imingcele ethile.” Cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-Pontifical Biblical Commission yahoxisa izinto eziningi eyayizibhale ngo-1909 isekela ukulandisa kukaGenesise ngendalo.

Khona-ke, ngo-1950, incwadi kaPius XII eya kubabhishobhi, ethi Humani generis, yathi izazi zamaKatolika zingayibheka inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela kwemvelo njengombono ozwakalayo. Nokho, lopapa wathi: “Inkolo yobuKatolika iyasibopha ukuba silondoloze umbono wokuthi imiphefumulo yadalwa ngokuqondile uNkulunkulu.”

Kungani Kunalokho Okuthiwa Ukuthula?

UCarlo Molari uphawula ukuthi, ngaphandle kwezimo ezimbalwa, “ukungabaza ngezinkolelo-mbono zokuziphendukela kwemvelo sekunqotshwe ngokuphelele” selokhu kwaba nomkhandlu wawo wonke amasonto iVatican II. Ngokuphawulekayo, ngo-October 1996, uPapa John Paul II wamemezela: “Namuhla, cishe eminyakeni engamashumi amahlanu ngemva kokukhishwa kwencwadi [kaPius XII] eya kubabhishobhi, ulwazi olusha lusiholela ekubeni siqaphele ukuthi inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela kwemvelo ayiwona nje umbono. Kuyamangalisa ngempela ukuthi abacwaningi baye bayamukela ngokuqhubekayo lenkolelo-mbono.”

Isazi-mlando uLucio Villari sathi amazwi kapapa “awukuvuma okuqinisekile.” Isihloko esikhulu ephephandabeni lase-Italy labasadla ngoludala i-Giornale sasifundeka kanje: “UPapa Uthi Kungenzeka Savela Ezinkawini.” Kanti umagazini i-Time waphetha ngokuthi ukuvuma kukapapa “kubonisa ukwamukela kwesonto ukuziphendukela kwemvelo.”

Iyini imbangela yalokho okuye kwabizwa ngokuthi “ukuthambekela ngandlela-thile okuvumelana nokuziphendukela kwemvelo” kwabaholi bamaKatolika? Kungani iSonto LamaRoma Katolika liye lavumelana nemfundiso yokuziphendukela kwemvelo?

Kusobala ukuthi izazi eziningi zemfundiso yenkolo ezingamaKatolika zibheka iBhayibheli “njengezwi labantu,” hhayi “njengezwi likaNkulunkulu.” (1 Thesalonika 2:13; 2 Thimothewu 3:16, 17) ISonto LamaKatolika ligunyaza lokho okushiwo abasekeli banamuhla bokuziphendukela kwemvelo ngaphezu kwalokho okwashiwo iNdodana kaNkulunkulu, uJesu Kristu, eyaqinisekisa ukuthi ukulandisa kukaGenesise ngendalo kunembile lapho ithi: “Anifundanga yini ukuthi lowo owabadala kusukela ekuqaleni wabenza kwaba owesilisa nowesifazane.” (Mathewu 19:4) Yimuphi umbono wena owubheka njengonegunya?

[Ibhokisi ekhasini 13]

OFakazi BakaJehova Nokuziphendukela Kwemvelo

OFakazi BakaJehova baye bayisekela ngokungaguquguquki imfundiso kaKristu yokuthi uNkulunkulu wawudala ngokuqondile umbhangqwana wokuqala ongabantu futhi ‘wawenza kwaba owesilisa nowesifazane.’ (Mathewu 19:4; Genesise 1:27; 2:24) Ngo-1886, uMqulu I wethi Millennial Dawn (kamuva eyabizwa ngokuthi Studies in the Scriptures) wabhekisela embonweni kaDarwin ngokuthi “inkolelo-mbono engenabufakazi,” futhi ngo-1898, incwajana ethi The Bible Versus the Evolution Theory yasekela ukulandisa kweBhayibheli ngendalo. Ukulandisa kweBhayibheli ngendalo kwasekelwa nasezincwadini ezithi The New Creation (1904) nethi Creation (1927) kanye nasezihlokweni zokuqala ezanyatheliswa kuyi-Nqabayokulinda (yesiNgisi) ne-Golden Age.

Lapho uPapa Pius XII ememezela incwadi yakhe eya kubabhishobhi ethi Humani generis, ngo-1950, oFakazi BakaJehova babesakaza incwajana ethi Evolution Versus the New World. Lencwajana iqukethe ubufakazi obungokwesayensi nobungokomlando bokulandisa kweBhayibheli ngendalo futhi ilahla imizamo yabanye abefundisi “yokuvumelanisa ukuziphendukela kwemvelo neBhayibheli.” Incwadi ethi Did Man Get Here by Evolution or by Creation? (1967) nayo isekela ukulandisa kweBhayibheli ngendalo, njengoba kunjalo nangencwadi ethi Life—How Did It Get Here? By Evolution or by Creation?, eyanyatheliswa ngo-1985, kanye nezihloko eziningi ezinyatheliswa kuyi-Nqabayokulinda ne-Phaphama!

Kanjalo oFakazi BakaJehova baye basiza abantu abaningi ukuba bazi ubufakazi obuqand’ikhanda bokuthi uNkulunkulu “nguye osenzileyo, akuthina.”—IHubo 100:3.