Inkathi Ematasa Yokuphakama Kwamanzi

Ngumlobeli we-Phaphama! eBrithani

IZINYONI ezicishe zibe izigidi eziyishumi zichitha isikhathi sasebusika enyakatho-ntshonalanga Yurophu unyaka ngamunye. Aziveli nje ezindaweni zokuzalela ezibandayo kuphela kodwa nasezindaweni ezikude njengeCanada nasenkabeni yeSiberia. Lapho zilibangise e-Afrika, ezinye eziningi zihlangana e-East Atlantic Flyway, indlela ezihamba ngayo enqamula iBritish Isles.

Ukudla nezindawo zokuphumula kutholakala phakathi kwezizalo ezinkulu ezingaphezu kuka-30 zemifula yaseBrithani. Ngasinye sinakekela izinyoni ezingaphezu kuka-20 000, kodwa esibaluleke kakhulu iWash, esisogwini olusempumalanga lweNgilandi, esinezinyoni ezingaphezu kwengxenye yesine yesigidi—kuhlanganise ama-curlew, ama-dunlin, ama-godwit, ama-knot, ama-oystercatcher, ama-redshank, amatitihoye, nama-turnstone. Lezi zizalo zinaluhlobo luni lokudla, futhi kungani zibaluleke kangaka?

Ukubaluleka Kwezizalo Zomfula

Izizalo ziyizindawo ezingavalekile ngokuphelele ezisogwini lapho amanzi olwandle exubana khona nawomfula. Lapha, amanzi afudumele, anothe ngezakhi namaminerali, ondla ingxenye yezinto eziphilayo ezisolwandle emhlabeni. Izimfanzi, amaqhwagi asesihlabathini nezinye izinto eziphilayo kutholakala esihlabathini, kodwa udaka olusezizalweni londla izinto eziphilayo eziningi nakakhulu.

Udaka luyahlukahluka kuye ngobukhulu benhlabathi ezike phansi elwakhayo. Uhlobo ngalunye lodaka lunezilwane zalo ezikhethekile zasemanzini, ukudla okudliwa izinyoni.a Ngokwesibonelo, odakeni olungangemitha-skwele, kungaba nezigidi zeminenke emincane engaphansi kwamamililitha amathathu ubude! Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulolu daka kunezilwane ezinamagobolondo, ama-lugworms nama-rag worms, kanye nezinye izilwane ezingenamhlandla.

Ukuphakama Kakhulu Kwamanzi

Ngisho noma kungaba nezinkulungwane eziningi zezinyoni esizalweni esithile, kungaba nzima ukuzibona ngoba ngokuvamile zisakazekela kuyo yonke indawo. Nokho, lapho amanzi ephakama kakhulu, isimo sishintsha ngokumangalisayo. Ukuphakama nokwehla kwamanzi kwenza isihlabathi nodaka kuchichime ukudla, kududulele izinyoni ezindaweni ezithandwa amanzi amaningi njalo nakwezinye izindawo eziphakeme. Khona-ke kuba lula ngokwengeziwe ukuzibona njengoba zibuthana ndawonye, zihlala phansi ziyimihlambi exubile emikhulu.

Namuhla, ekuseni ngosuku lwango-April olubalele, nolucwathile, amanzi azophakama. Kuvunguza umoya obandayo ovela enyakatho-mpumalanga njengoba sihamba ngemoto siya esizalweni esincane esikhangayo lapho umfula i-Alde ugwinciza khona udlule esifundazweni saseNgilandi iSuffolk ungenele eNorth Sea. Lapha, izinyoni zasebusika zifinyelela ngaphezu nje kuka-11 000, futhi siyokuthola kulula ngokwengeziwe ukubona ezikwenzayo, njengoba lesi sizalo sinobubanzi obuyikhilomitha nje kuphela.

Izinto zokuvimba amanzi olwandle ezimagebhugebhu zilandela umfula. Ezinye izingu zimbozwe imihlanga, ezinye utshani i-marram. Ezinye zinezingodo ezimnyama namatshe. Enhla nje nomfula, phakathi kweqoqo lezakhiwo zesikhathi sikaVictoria, kuneSnape Maltings Concert Hall, lapho kwenzelwa khona amakhonsathi omculo ase-Aldeburgh. Kodwa kumelwe sehlise umfula silibangise endaweni yokukhosela. Umoya usunamandla manje futhi uyahlaba, futhi amehlo ethu aseyashoshozela.

Lapho nje sifika onqenqemeni lomfula (bheka isithombe, ku-A), sibingelelwa umculo opholile wezinyoni ezimbili ama-avocet. Zicishe ziqhele ohlangothini lwethu lwesizalo ngamamitha angu-40, okwamanje zicwalana ngemilomo. Inyoni ngayinye izingqofa izinhlangothi zesifuba ngomlomo wayo ozacile, ogobile. Kuyajabulisa ukubuka lokhu, kodwa kumelwe siqhubeke nendlela, kusekuningi okokubukwa.

Amanzi Ayaphakama

Amanzi aphakama ngokushesha manje, ngakho masinyane siyokuma endaweni ekahle yokubuka. (Bheka isithombe, ku-B.) Endleleni i-redshank—yenza ngokuvumelana nedumela layo lokuba unogada wesizalo—iyandiza isuka endaweni ethandwa amanzi amaningi njalo, nokuklewula kwayo kokuhlaba umkhosi okuthi, “tuhuhu-tuhuhu!” Imilenze yayo ebomvu ifanelana kahle nengemuva lamaphiko ayo elimhlophe, elikhazimuliswa yilanga. Lapho sifika lapho silibangise khona, ngokushesha sibona isihlabathi nodaka kunyakaza ngamandla.

Kude lé idlanzana lama-redshank lizidlela ngokungajahi, lilokhu liqhwanda odakeni, kanti amanye ahlwaya ukudla ezindaweni ezisithekile. Ama-dunlin, nemilomo yawo egobile, ahlala endawonye ngamaqembu amancane. Ehlabe umugqa omagwincigwinci, ahamba elokhu edla odakeni, athanda ukuba seduze nalapho kuphela khona amanzi. Ama-curlew ahlakazekile ayazitetemukela nje, alokhu eqhwanda okuthile okumincikayo nokushibilikayo odakeni. Enhla nomfula, idlanzana lama-turnstone lifuna ukudla ngemilomo yalo emifushane, ethe ukubheka phezulu kancane ukuze ligingqe imfucumfucu ogwini oludala lolwandle.

Ngokungazelele, ikhwela lasendle, elinokulangazela, elinhlamvuntathu elithi “tlee-oo-ee” leli titihoye elinsundu lizwakala emoyeni. Njengoba indiza phezulu, amakhwapha alenyoni amnyama abonakala kahle kanye nengaphansi layo eliphaphathekile. Amatitihoye asagolide angu-400, ame asondelana akha isiyingi esimise okweqanda, amile amakhanda awamboze ngamaphiko, wonke abheke lapho kuqhamuka khona umoya. Ambalwa alokhu exabana njengoba amakhulu engqomfa amancane. Amaningi asenezimpaphe zawo ezixubile zasebusika—ezisagolide nokumnyama ngaphezulu; umbala ophaphathekile emehlweni, ebusweni nangaphansi; nemilomo emnyama. Njengoba siphenduphendula isibonakude sethu, sibona namatitihoye afakwe izimpawu emilenzeni.

Ngokungazelelwe, kufika umhlambi omkhulu wama-lapwing angaba yinkulungwane. Lezi zinyoni ziqhamuka zibonakala zijabulile, zindiza esibhakabhakeni ngendlela yazo eyingqayizivele. Ama-lapwing namatitihoye asagolide abekade esezweni elilinyiwe entshonalanga, indawo yawo ayithandayo yokudlela. Awezi nje esizalweni ezodla kuphela kodwa nokuzogeza nokucwala izimpaphe zawo.

Umsindo omkhulu ongemuva owokukhala kwenjabulo kwama-curlew, ikhwela lomculo lama-redshank elinokwaneliseka okukhulu, nokuklewula kwama-gull anamakhanda amnyama. Ama-godwit amabili anezisila ezivundlile aqhwanda odakeni. Ngemilomo yawo ewugqinsi ebomvu ngokusawolintshi, ama-oystercatcher adonsa ama-lugworm. Ititihoye elilodwa elinsundu lithatha izinyathelo ezimbalwa ngokucophelela, lime, lithintithe unyawo lwesokudla, bese libamba isisulu salo lisigwinye. Kodwa amanzi afikayo ngokushesha ayazixosha zonke!

Isigubhugubhu Siyaqala

Ngokungazelelwe, izinyoni ziyandiza zibe imihlambi, ngokuyinhloko ezohlobo olulodwa. Kuwumbukwane ngoba lezi zinyoni zindiza zisondelane. Njengoba itshekela ngapha nangapha, imihlambi ishintsha imibala njengoba ikhanyiswa imisebe yelanga—isuka embaleni onsundu impela kuye komhlophe ngokucwebezelayo—ibonakale ngokucacile manje ibuye ishintshe ifane nodaka olungemuva oluza namanzi asondelayo. Kusuka embaleni onsundu kuya kosasiliva, kusuke kosasiliva kuye konsundu, ngokuvumelana okuhle, kanti ngesikhathi esifanayo, zishintsha amaphethini eziwakhayo uma zindiza—kusukela kokumise okweqanda kuya endilingeni, kube okumagwincigwinci, futhi ekugcineni kube umugqa oqondile. Eziningi zihlala odakeni olusazombozwa amanzi.

Ngokushesha udaka nesihlabathi esiseduze kwethu kuzogcwala amanzi, ngakho siyaphuthuma sewuke umfula, sihambisana nezinyoni eziningana. Siqale sedlulwe imihlambi emincane yama-dunlin, ibhakuzisa amaphiko ayo ngokushesha, ilokhu ixoxisana ngokushaya ikhwela elifushane, elinswininizayo. Khona-ke, kudlula ama-redshank amakhudlwana, umhlambi wawo uhlakazekile futhi uhamba ngokucophelela. Kudlula ama-curlew angangama-gull amakhulu, eshaya umtshingo ngephimbo lawo elihle, elijabulile nelimnandi njengoba endiza. Kulandela ama-avocet ewumhlambi owodwa omkhulu, enombala omnyama nomhlophe ophambene nesibhakabhaka esiluhlaza. Ahlala enhla nesizalo, imilenze yawo emide eluhlaza ibonakala ngaphezu kwamanzi.

Indawo Yokuphumula

Sithatha izinyawo ukuze sifinyelele echosheni eliphakeme lapho isizalo sincipha khona. (Bheka isithombe, ku-C.) Izinyoni zohlobo olulodwa zithanda ukubuthana ndawonye, nakuba ngokusobala lokhu kungewona umthetho. Njengoba amanzi eqhubeka ephakama ngokushesha, izinyoni ezengeziwe zijoyina isixuku. Lokhu kudala ukududulana okungapheli ngoba akube kusameka kahle osebeni, kanti neziphuza ukufika zifuna indawo yokuma ngenkani.

Amanzi amaningi asefikile manje. Ama-lapwing namatitihoye asephindele emasimini. Zonke lezi zinyoni ezisele ziye zaphoqeleka ukuba zisuke odakeni ziyohlala osebeni lomfula oludala. Umsindo ongapheli wama-oystercatcher udlula inani lawo. Ama-redshank nama-curlew ayanezela emsindweni, manje osuwandiswa i-skylark esitshiyoza sindizela phezulu—isimo esihle ngempela.

Siyahamba njengoba izinyoni zijabulela isikhathi sazo sokuphumula santambama ezikufanelekelayo ukusithola, zingafuni ukungena emanzini amaningi aphakeme. Naphezu kokuthi ezinye zingalé kodonga oluvimba amanzi olwandle futhi azikwazi ukubona amanzi, lezi zinyoni ziyazi ukuthi kufanele zibuyele nini esidakeni noma ezingwini ezinesihlabathi. Njengoba zisigcina kahle kangaka isikhathi, zinokuhlakanipha okungokomzwelo, ziyazi ukuthi inini inkathi yokufika nokuhlehla kwamanzi.

Yebo, kuyajabulisa ukubuka inkathi ematasa yokuphakama kwamanzi, ikakhulukazi ngokokuqala ngqá!

[Umbhalo waphansi]

[Ibhokisi/Isithombe ekhasini 26]

Yijabulele Inkathi Ematasa

Ukuze ujabulele inkathi ematasa yokuphakama kwamanzi, qala uthole isizalo somfula esikahle. Uyobe usudinga ukwaziswa okuthile ngaleyo ndawo, njengokuthi izinyoni ziya kuphi nokuthi ungazibukelaphi. Bheka isimiso esibonisa ukufika nokuhlehla kwamanzi okwenzeka ngemva nje kokugcwala kwenyanga. Ngaphezu kwesikhathi sokuhamba, zinike amahora amathathu okuzibuka kahle izinyoni, futhi ufike okungenani kusasele amahora amabili ngaphambi kokufika kwamanzi amaningi.

Yiziphi izinto oyozidinga? Uma ungazijwayele izinyoni, hamba nencwadi ukuze ikusize ukwazi ukuzibona. Izibonakude nazo zingakusiza kakhulu. Ngokushesha uzofunda ukuthi uhlobo ngalunye lwezinyoni lunezici zalo futhi luqhwanda ukudla ngendlela imilomo yazo eyadalwa ngayo. I-telescope ayibalulekile—kodwa izingubo ezifudumele, ezingangenwa amanzi zibalulekile! Qaphela izingozi. Ungahambi odakeni ngaphandle uma ujwayele. Kulula ukuvinjwa amanzi akhuphuka ngokushesha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kungaba nenkungu olwandle ungalahleka. Cabangela nomoya futhi. Imimoya evunguza ngamandla ingenza amanzi akhuphuke ngamandla, okungaba ingozi kunoma isiphi isizalo somfula.

[Ibhokisi/Isithombe ekhasini 27]

Izizalo Zemifula Eziyinhloko Embulungeni Yonke

IWadden Zee, eNetherlands, iyindawo ebaluleke kakhulu eYurophu eba namanzi amaningi noma ahlehle kakhulu futhi ngezinye izikhathi iba nezinyoni ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezine. Inwebeka iye ngasenyakatho eningizimu-ntshonalanga Jutland. Izindawo ezintathu ezinhle ongazivakashela kulodedangendlale wendawo umgwaqo owakhiwe phezu kwamanzi oya eRømø, eDenmark; isizalo soMfula iWeser, indawo eyinhloko yokubukela lapho kuphakama amanzi, eseJalimane; neLauwers Zee eduze neGroningen, eNetherlands. E-Iberian Peninsula, isizalo somfula esibaluleke kunazo zonke yileso soMfula iTagus wasePortugal.

Izizalo zomfula ezisogwini lwePacific eNyakatho neNingizimu Melika zinikeza izigidi eziyisithupha kuya kweziyisishiyagalombili zezinyoni ezifudukayo ukudla. Phakathi kwezindawo eziyinhloko kunetheku laseSan Francisco nelaseHumboldt, eCalifornia; amakhilomitha-skwele angu-200 eCanada kusuka eBoundary Bay eVancouver kujike kuye e-Iona Island, eBritish Columbia; nesizalo somfula sase-Alaska iStikine noMfula iCopper.

Izindawo ezinhle zezinyoni zikhona naseBolivar Flat naseGalveston, eTexas, e-U.S.A.; eTai-Po, eHong Kong; eCairns, enyakatho-mpumalanga Australia; naseduze neMombasa, eKenya.

[Isithombe ekhasini 24]

Ama-“oystercatcher” amahlanu

[Isithombe ekhasini 25]

Ama-“knots” evela endaweni yawo yokuphumula

[Isithombe ekhasini 25]

ISIZALO SOMFULA I-ALDE, ESUFFOLK

Indawo yokubuka B

Indawo yokubukela C

Esakubona okokuqala A

[Umthombo]

Snape Maltings Riverside Centre

[Isithombe ekhasini 25]

ISnape Maltings Concert Hall

[Isithombe ekhasini 26]

I-“knot”

[Isithombe ekhasini 26]

I-“redshank”

I-“curlew”

[Isithombe ekhasini 27]

Ngenhla: Ama-“curlew”