Uphenyo “Ngegazi Elingcolile” ECanada
Ngumlobeli we-Phaphama! eCanada
IZISULU zegazi elingcolile eCanada zibulawa ingculaza ngamanani akhulayo. Kungani kunalokhukwanda? Abantu baseCanada abangaphezu kwenkulungwane bathola igciwane lengculaza “egazini elingcolile” nasemikhiqizweni yalo ngawo-1980. Lamaqiniso ashaqisayo ashukumisela uhulumeni wezwe ukuba amise i-Commission of Inquiry on the Blood System in Canada. Ukuphenywa komphakathi kwakuyonquma ukuphepha kwesimiso sokugcinwa kwegazi eCanada.
Elinye lamajaji aphakeme ahlonishwa kakhulu kulelizwe lamiswa njengokhomishane waloluphenyo. Lekhomishane iqula amacala kulo lonke elaseCanada. Ukuqulwa kwamacala kwaqala eToronto ngo-February 14, 1994, futhi uMahluleli uMnu. Horace Krever weNkantolo Yokudlulisa Amacala Yase-Ontario wanikezwa isabelo sokubika akutholayo ngesikhathi esifanele futhi asikisele izindlela zokuthuthukisa.
Umama owashonelwa indodana eyabulawa ingculaza eyayithola egazini elingcolile wakhala kulelijaji: “Bathatha indodana yami futhi okuwukuphela kwembuyiselo enginayo iloluphenyo. Siza ulwenze luphumelele.” Wayefuna ngamehlo abomvu ukubona ukuthi kwakuyokwenziwa uphenyo olunzulu ukuze kuthathwe izinyathelo ezidingekile zokugwema izingozi ezihlobene nokumpontshelwa igazi. Wayengeyena ukuphela kukamama owafelwa indodana ngenxa yegazi elingcolile. Lekhomishane yezwa ubufakazi obudabukisayo ngokuphathelene nalenhlekelele eyawohloza ukuphila kwabantu abaningi baseCanada.
Izihloko ezinkulu ze-Globe and Mail yaseToronto ziye zabika: “Intukuthelo, Izinyembezi Njengoba Izisulu Zilandisa Ngosizi Lwegazi”; “Uphenyo Lwegazi Luzwa Ubufakazi Obesabisayo”; “Ukunganaki Kodokotela Kuyacaciswa”; nesithi “Izikhulu Zithi Ingozi Yengculaza Incane, Kubika Uphenyo Lwegazi.”
Izisulu ezathola i-HIV egazini ziye zathi azizange zixwayiswe ngezingozi. Ezimweni eziningi zazingazi ukuthi zazimpontshelwe igazi kwaze kwaba yilapho zizwa ukuthi zinegciwane lengculaza.
Osemusha othile onengculaza wathola i-HIV ekumpontshelweni igazi phakathi nokuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo lapho eneminyaka emithathu ubudala. Indoda ethile ene-HIV nesifo sokopha yayisebenzisa imikhiqizo yegazi ngaphambi kuka-1984 lapho isadlala i-hockey. Yayiyoshintsha indlela yayo yokuphila ukuba yayizazile izingozi. Umama othile wampontshelwa igazi eline-HIV ngo-1985, futhi manje yena, umyeni wakhe, nendodakazi yabo eneminyaka emine ubudala banaleligciwane.
Kuye kwaba nemibiko edabukisayo yabantu abangenwa igciwane ngokumpontshelwa iphayinti elilodwa noma amabili kuphela egazi. “Ukubuyisa nje ibala lakhe lesikhumba,” kusho owesifazane othile ngokudabuka lapho elandisa ngokumpontshelwa kwegazi okwenza umyeni wakhe wangenwa i-HIV. Manje naye usengenwe ileligciwane.
Njengoba kunofakazi abaningi abafakazayo, ukunakekela kuye kwagxiliswa kolunye usizi olukhulu—isifo sokusha kwesibindi esibangelwa igazi. Ngokwe-Globe and Mail, kulinganiselwa ukuthi “abantu baseCanada abangafinyelela kwabangu-1 000 ngonyaka babulawa isifo sokusha kwesibindi sohlobo C.” Leliphephandaba linezela ukuthi “kungenzeka cishe ingxenye yabo yathola lesisifo ngokumpontshelwa igazi.”
Enye indoda yalandisa ukuthi yangenwa kanjani isifo sokusha kwesibindi sohlobo C ngokumpontshelwa igazi lapho ihlinzwa iqolo ngo-1961. Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, yayinikela ngegazi njalo. Ngo-1993 yathola ukuthi inesifo sokuqina kwesibindi. Yabuza loluphenyo: “Kuthiwani ngabantu abathola igazi enganikela ngalo kuyo yonke leyominyaka lapho ngingakazi ukuthi nginalesisifo?”
UMahlulel’ uKrever walalela ngokucophelela abantu baseCanada abangaphezu kwekhulu abakuphila kwabo kuye kwawohlozwa i-HIV nezinye izinhlekelele ezibangelwa igazi elingcolile. Ochwepheshe bezokwelapha baye bafakazela ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukugcina igazi lilondeke ngokuphelele ekusakazekeni kwezifo nezinye izingozi. Baye bazivuma izingozi ezingathi sína nokusetshenziswa kabi kwegazi. UDkt. J. Brian McSheffrey, umqondisi wezokwelapha wesikhungo sendawo sokumpompela igazi, wabonisa ukuthi udonsela ukunakelela kulenkinga ngokuthi athi ezinkulumweni zakhe: “Uma kumelwe umpompele igazi, kumelwe ukuba uhlulekile ukulixilonga noma uhlulekile ekwelapheni.”
Kuye kwaba nokumangalela kwezombangazwe nokuvukelana phakathi kwalabo ikomiti kahulumeni ebabiza ngokuthi “izimbangi eziyinhloko” esimisweni sokugcinwa kwegazi eCanada esidla ama-dollar ayizigidi ezingu-250 (amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-640) ngonyaka. ISiphambano Esibomvu nezinhlangano zikahulumeni ziye zagxekwa kakhulu. Kubonakala kungekho muntu onakekela isimiso sezwe sokugcina igazi esiyinkimbinkimbi.
Umehluko Ojabulisayo
Ngokuphambene nalobubufakazi obudabukisayo, uMahlulel’ uKrever wezwa ukulandisa okujabulisayo ngo-May 25, 1994, eRegina, eSaskatchewan. UWilliam J. Hall, indoda eneminyaka engu-75 ubudala enesifo sokopha okukhulu, walandisa indlela aphumelela ngayo ekusingatheni isimo sakhe ngezinye izinto esikhundleni semikhiqizo yegazi. Futhi akanayo ingculaza. Njengomunye woFakazi BakaJehova, uMnu. Hall uye waligwema igazi nemikhiqizo yalo ngenxa kanembeza wakhe ongokwenkolo.—Bheka ibhokisi ngenhla.
Kuningi okusazovezwa. Uhulumeni uthé loluphenyo aluqhubeke kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-1995. Lekhomishane ingaba nesikhathi sokuhlola ukwelapha okuphumelelayo ngaphandle kwegazi okusetshenziswa ezimweni eziyizinkulungwane kubantu abadala nezingane ezingoFakazi BakaJehova. Lezizindlela zokwelapha ziyasebenza nakwezinye iziguli.
Odokotela abasebenzisa lezizindlela banobufakazi bobuchwepheshe abangabuhlanganyela nalekhomishane. UDkt. Mark Boyd waseMcGill University watshela i-Medical Post ngo-1993: “Ngempela kufanele sibabonge ngandlela-thile oFakazi BakaJehova ngoba baye basibonisa ukuthi singaphumelela kangakanani ngaphandle kokumpompela igazi.” Ikhomishane kamongameli wase-United States yaphawula ngo-1988: “Indlela eqinisekile eyisivikelo ngokuqondene negazi eligciniwe ukunqamula ukumpompela isiguli igazi labanye, noma nini uma kungenzeka.” Ngokulalela umthetho kaNkulunkulu wokuba ‘baqhubeke bededa . . . egazini,’ oFakazi BakaJehova baye babusiswa ‘ngendlela eqinisekile eyisivikelo’ egazini elingcolile nezinye izingozi zokumpontshelwa igazi.—IzEnzo 15:20, 29.
Kudingeka Imfundo
Ngokudabukisayo, izisulu eziningi zokumpontshelwa igazi elingcolile azizange zaziswe ngezinye izindlela ezazingavimbela usizi lwazo. Iziguli azizange zinikezwe ilungelo lokuzikhethela—ukwamukela izingozi zegazi noma ukusebenzisa izindlela eziphephile esikhundleni salo.
Ubufakazi obunikezwe ikhomishane bembula isidingo sokufundisa odokotela nomphakathi ngezinye izindlela ezingasetshenziswa esikhundleni sokumpompela igazi. Uphenyo lukahulumeni oluphambili kangaka lungaba nethonya elikhulu eCanada. Ukutusa kukaMahlulel’ uKrever kungabangela izinguquko ezidingekile zesimo sengqondo nemfundo kwezokwelapha eCanada ngokuqondene nokumpompela. Okutholwa i-Commission of Inquiry kuyobathakazelisa bonke abafuna ukugwema izingozi ezihambisana nokumpompela igazi.
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ISIFO SOKOPHA SELASHWA NGAPHANDLE KWEGAZI
UWilliam J. Hall waseNipawin, eSaskatchewan, watshela ikhomishane indlela nesizathu esenza ukuba elaphe isifo sokopha esimphethe ngaphandle kwemikhiqizo yegazi. Nazi izingcaphuno ezivela encwadini yasenkantolo yobufakazi bakhe:
◻ “Abazali bami baqaphela ukuthi nginesifo sokopha lapho ngesinye isikhathi ngivuvukala kusuka ozwaneni kuya enqulwini, futhi odokotela bathi isifo sokopha. . . . Ngicabanga ukuthi cishe nganginonyaka owodwa ubudala.”
◻ “Angikaze ngimpontshelwe igazi noma imikhiqizo yegazi yanoma iluphi uhlobo. . . . Kumelene nezinkolelo zami ezingokwenkolo ukumpontshelwa igazi ngoba nginomuzwa wokuthi lingcwele.”
◻ Ngokuqondene nomfowabo naye owayenesifo sokopha: “Wayengenalo ukholo [inkolo] olunjengolwami, ngakho wavuma ukumpontshelwa igazi futhi wabulawa isifo sokusha kwesibindi.”
◻ Ngokuphathelene nesilonda ethunjini elincane ngo-1962: “Udokotela wathi uma ngingalisebenzisi igazi, ngangizofa. . . . Ngelashwa kahle esibhedlela [ngaphandle kwegazi].” Ukopha kwalawuleka.
◻ Ngokuqondene nokuhlinzwa ngo-1971 kuhlanganiswa inqulu ephukile: “Kwakuwukuhlinza nje ngokucophelela ngaphandle kwegazi. . . . Ukuhlinza kwahamba kahle.” Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngokuphindaphindiwe ngalesosikhathi akuzange kuthole i-Factor VIII (eyenza igazi libe amahlule) egazini lakhe.
◻ Indlela aqhuba ngayo: “Indlela yokuphila . . . , ukuqapha.” Uhlanganisa nokudla, ukuphumula, ukuvivinya umzimba, nokwelapha ngokucophelela ukuvuvukala, amaphuphusi, nokopha.
◻ “Ngithanda ukuphumula futhi ngizindle ngezinto ezinhle esizinikezwe uNkulunkulu wethu futhi sikhohlwe izinkathazo zethu. Lokhu kubonakala kusiza kakhulu.”
UWilliam Hall uneminyaka engu-76 ubudala futhi ungomunye woFakazi BakaJehova.
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UMahlulel’ uHorace Krever, umholi wekhomishane
[Umthombo]
CANPRESS PHOTO SERVICE (RYAN REMIROZ)
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UWilliam noMargaret Hall bahamba amakhilomitha angu-370 ukuze bazovela phambi kwe-Commission of Inquiry