Izibhamu—Indlela Yokufa
“BANALOKHU kuzikhohlisa kokuthi, bazokhomba othile ngesibhamu futhi ayikho into angayenza, futhi lapho kungasebenzi ngaleyondlela, bayangabaza njengoba nje izikhulu eziningi zamaphoyisa zinqikaza ingxenye yomzuzwana futhi lokho kunqikaza zikukhokhela ngokuphila kwazo,” kwasho esinye isikhulu samaphoyisa esaziwayo. Kunalamazwi futhi akhulunywa inxusa likahulumeni elaziwayo laseU.S. lezokulondeka komphakathi: “Abantu abaningi abafuni ukuvumelana neqiniso lokuthi ukuba nesibhamu kusho ukulungela ukuphila nemiphumela yokubulala omunye umuntu. Uma ungadubuli ngempela futhi isigebengu sikudubula, kuyingozi kakhulu ukuba nesibhamu kunokungabi naso nhlobo.”
Ekugcineni kunalokhu: “Ngisho nomcabango omncane kumelwe usitshele ukuthi lokuklanywa kwezikhali kuyosiholela ezinkingeni eziningi ngokwengeziwe,” kwabhala intatheli yesifazane—ilungu lomkhaya wamaphoyisa noyingcweti yokudubula. “Ingabe abesifazane abathenga izibhamu ‘ezinhle’ baye babhekana nokuchithwa kobuchopho okuhlasimulisa umzimba? Umphumela awumuhle. Wake wambona umuntu edutshulwe ebusweni?” Noma, uyabuza, “ingabe ungayinemba inhliziyo?”
Ubuyosifinyelela ngokushesha okukhulu kangakanani isibhamu sakho esifihliwe uma wawuhlaselwa umhlaseli ngokuzuma okukhulu? Cabangela okuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe: “Lapho ngimukulwa ngempama—umhuqa ongenangqondo owawuphethe ummese wokugwaza—insimbi yayisisemphinjeni wami ngaphambi kokuba ngibone noma ngizwe owayengihlasela. Uma ngangiphethe isibhamu, ubani owayezophumelela kulowomncintiswano ongumnqamula-juqu?” Khona-ke uyanezela: “Angicabangi ukugcina isibhamu ukuze ngizivikele. Lena akuyona indaba yokuziphatha; kuyindaba esebenza ngokoqobo.”
Manje cabangela amanye amaqiniso ashaqisayo. ‘Ekudubulaneni okumbalwa ngokuqhathaniswa okwenzekayo phakathi kwabanini-makhaya nabagqekezi, kalula nje kungase kube umgqekezi obonakala enekhono ngokwengeziwe ekusebenziseni isibhamu sakhe futhi umninikhaya agcine esendlini yokugcina izidumbu,’ kwabika umagazini iTime kaFebruary 6, 1989. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isibhamu singase sibe isivikelo esingakanani ekunqandeni ubugebengu, singaphezu kokuba umxhantela nje ngezinye izici zaso ezibulalayo. Ngokwesibonelo, cabangela ukuzibulala. Esikhathini esiyizinyanga ezingu-12 eUnited States kuphela, abantu abangaphezu kuka-18 000 bazidubula bafa.
Ukuthi zingaki kulezizenzakalo ezenzeka isigubhukane ezazingenakwenziwa ukuba isibhamu sasingekho esikhwameni esiphathwayo sabesifazane noma ediloweni lokugcina izinto zokusetshenziswa ekhishini akunakunqunywa. Nokho, ngokuqinisekile, ukutholakala kwazo kalula kwavimbela izisulu ezithile ukuba zibe nesikhathi esanele sokucabangisisa futhi mhlawumbe zisindise ukuphila kwazo. Hlanganisa inani labantu baseU.S. abazibulala ngezibhamu kulelo lomhlaba wonke futhi ngokungangabazeki ingqikithi iyoba ngeshaqisayo ngempela.
Umagazini iTime kaJuly 17, 1989, wabika ukuthi ngesonto lokuqala likaMay 1989, abantu abangu-464 babulawa ngokudutshulwa eUnited States kuphela. “Kulonyaka abanye abangaphezu kuka-30 000 bayobhekana nesimo esifanayo,” kwasho iTime. Umagazini wabika ukuthi “abantu baseMelika abaningi bayafa ngenxa yamanxeba okudutshulwa njalo eminyakeni emibili kunalabo abaye bafa kuze kube manje ngenxa yengculaza. Ngokufanayo, izibhamu zithatha ukuphila okuningi kwaseMelika eminyakeni emibili kunokuba kwenza yonke iMpi yaseViet Nam.”
Abazali abanezibhamu kumelwe bathwale umthwalo wemfanelo ngenxa yezingane zabo ezizisebenzisa ekuzibulaleni noma ekubulaleni ukuphila kwabanye. Elinye iphephandaba labhala: “Ukwenyuka kokuzibulala kwabantu abasha ngo-1988, kungahlanganiswa ngokwengxenye nokutholakala kalula kwezibhamu njengoba abanini-makhaya abaningi benqwabelanisa izikhali ukuze bavikele izindawo zabo zokuhlala, kwasho iphoyisa. . . . Uma unesikhali endlini, kunethuba lokuthi umntwana uyosithola ngelinye ilanga.” “Ngonyaka odlule [1988], abantwana abangaphezu kuka-3 000 badubula ezinye izingane,” kubika izindaba zethelevishini yaseU.S. ngoJune 1989.
Bazali, ingabe niyazi yini ukuthi zikuphi izibhamu zenu? Omunye umzali wayazi, kodwa nendodana yakhe eneminyaka eyishumi ubudala yayazi. “Yahlohla inganono kayise eyayinamandla amakhulu yokuzingela,” kubika iNew York Times ka-August 26, 1989, “futhi yabulala ngokudubula intombazane eyayiyiqhoshela ngokuthi yayingcono kunaye emidlalweni yevideo.” Ingabe uyazi ukuthi yini ephethwe isitsha sokudla kwangedina somntanakho ngaphandle kwamasemishi namakhekhe njengoba uyithumela esikoleni? Ingabe ungakholelwa ukuthi kungaba isibhamu sakho? Yini okwakumelwe icatshangwe abazali bomfundi wesikole sabaqalayo oneminyaka emihlanu lapho abaphathi besikole bebazisa ukuthi babephuce indodana yabo isibhamu esilayishiywe i-6,25-caliber esixukwini esasisemgqeni wokuphaka ukudla, kuyilapho amakhulu abafundi ayedla amasemishi, ubisi, namakhekhe abo?
Kamuva ngo-1989, umfundi oneminyaka eyisithupha ubudala owayenza unyaka wakhe wokuqala esikoleni wabanjwa ebukisa ngevolovolo elilayishiwe. Ngayo leyonyanga efanayo oneminyaka engu-12 ubudala waboshwa ngenxa yokuphatha ivolovolo elilayishiwe esikoleni. Konke lokhu kwenzeka esifundeni esisodwa salezikole. EFlorida, umfundi waba neshwa lokubhekana nenhlekelele yesibhamu esilayishiwe esasiphethwe ingane. Wadutshulwa emhlane lapho intombazane eyayineminyaka engu-11 ubudala idubula ngengozi ngesibhamu eyayize naso esikoleni ukuzobonisa abangane bayo.
Omunye uthisha-nhloko wesikole wathi: “Izingane zethu ezincane ezineminyaka eyisithupha ubudala zisuka ekhaya futhi cishe zonke ziyazi ukuthi kukhona isibhamu ekhaya lazo.” Uthisha ofundisa abantwana bebanga lesithathu wathi: “Iningi labo liye lawubona umphumela wesibhamu. Mhlawumbe ubaba, umalume, noma umfowabo abasekho endlini yabo ngenxa yomphumela wesibhamu.” Ezinye izimiso zezikole ziye ngisho zathola kunesidingo ukuba zifake abaseshi abayinsimbi ukuze bafune izibhamu eziphethwe abasebancane kakhulu, kungasaphathwa okwabafundi asebekhulile! Ingabe abazali akumelwe bathwale umthwalo wemfanelo ngenxa yezenzo zezingane zabo, ikakhulukazi abazali abakubona kufanelekile ukuba nezibhamu emakhaya abo lapho izingane zabo zingazithola khona?
Abazali bangase baziduduze ngokuthi izibhamu zabo zifihlwe lapho izingane zabo noma abanye bengenakukwazi ukuzithola khona. Nokho, ngeshwa, izingane ezifile ziye zabonisa abazali bazo benephutha. Futhi, cabangela okusobala. Esinye isikhulu samaphoyisa sathi: “Kumelwe ukhethe okukodwa. Uma ngempela usilonda isibhamu sakho ukuze abantu abangenacala endlini yakho, abantwana bakho noma izivakashi noma othile, bangalinyazwa yiso, khona-ke awunakukwazi ukufinyelela kulesosibhamu lapho kuphakama isimo esiphuthumayo owasithenga ngenjongo yaso okokuqala.”
Amaphoyisa anikeza isilinganiso sokuthi uma isibhamu sasekhaya sike sasetshenziswa, “cishe kunamathuba ayisithupha okuthi sidubule ilungu lomkhaya noma umngane kunokudubula umhlaseli,” kwabika umagazini iTime. Elinye inxusa lezokulondeka komphakathi lathi: “Unkosikazi noma umama ucabanga ukuthi uzwa umgqekezi futhi ugcina edubule indoda noma indodana yakhe efika ekhaya kusihlwa.” Wabuzwa: ‘Khona-ke, kumelwe abantu bawavikele kanjani amakhaya abo?’ “Mhlawumbe indlela engcono kakhulu yokuzivikela ingokufaka impahla yakho engozini kunophila kwakho. Izigcwelegcwele eziningi nabagqekezi balapho ukuze bebe, hhayi ukubulala. Ukubulala ngezibhamu okuningi emakhaya kwenziwa ngesibhamu somninikhaya. Nokho, izakhamuzi zasemadolobheni kumelwe zizame ukwandisa ukuzivikela ngokwenza “amaqembu ‘okugada’ alwisana nobugebengu.” Futhi ekugcineni, abanikazi bezibhamu kumelwe bazibuze ukuthi bazimisele yini ukuthatha ukuphila komunye umuntu ukuze bavikele okuqukethwe isikhwanyana semali sabesifazane noma sabesilisa noma izinto ezimbalwa zakho eziyigugu ekhaya.
Uma uhlakaniphile, awunakulwisana nomuntu osongela ukuphila kwakho ngenxa yezinto eziyigugu. Ukuphila kwakho kubiza ngaphezu kwalezinto.