Igazi: Ubani Okumelwe Akhethe Futhi Okabani Unembeza Ohilelekile?
Inyatheliswe kabusha ngokugunyazwa yiNew York State Journal of Medicine, 1988; 88:463-464, copyright by the Medical Society of the State of New York.
Odokotela babophekile ukuba basebenzise ulwazi lwabo, amakhono, nokuhlangenwe nakho ekulweni nezifo nokufa. Nokho, kuthiwani uma isiguli sikwenqaba ukwelashwa okutuswayo? Ngokunokwenzeka lokhu kuyokwenzeka uma isiguli siwuFakazi KaJehova futhi ikhambi lokuselapha kuyigazi njengoba linjalo, amangqamuzana egazi abomvu, iplasma, noma amaplatelet.
Lapho kuziwa ekusetshenzisweni kwegazi, udokotela angase abe nomuzwa wokuthi ukukhetha kwesiguli ukuba silashwe ngaphandle kwegazi kuyokwenza ukuba odokotela abazinikele bangakwazi ukwenza lutho. Noma kunjalo, umuntu akumelwe akhohlwe ukuthi iziguli ezingebona oFakazi BakaJehova ngokuvamile zikhetha ukungayilandeli indlela yokwelapha etuswe odokotela bazo. Ngokuka-Appelbaum noRoth,1 amaphesenti ayi-19 eziguli ezisezibhedlela zodokotela abasafunda zenqaba okungenani ukwelashwa okukodwa noma inqubo yalokho kwelapha, ngisho nakuba abangamaphesenti ayi-15 alabo abenqaba “babesonqenqemeni lokufa.”
Umbono ovamile wokuthi “udokotela wazi kangcono” ubangela iziguli eziningi ukuba zithembele ekhonweni nasolwazini lodokotela bazo. Kodwa yeka ukuthi kungaba yingozi enganakekile kanjani ngodokotela ukuba aqhubeke njengokungathi lenkulumo ethi “udokotela wazi kangcono” iyiqiniso elihlolwe ngososayensi futhi elaphe iziguli ngokuvumelana nalokho. Yiqiniso, ukuqeqeshwa kwethu kwezokwelapha, ukugunyazwa, nolwazi esesinalo kusinikeza amalungelo aphawulekayo endimeni yezokwelapha. Nokho, iziguli zethu, zinamagunya. Futhi, njengoba kungenzeka ukuthi siyaqaphela, umthetho (ngisho noMthetho-sisekelo) uyawahlonipha kakhulu amagunya.
Ezindongeni zezibhedlela eziningi, umuntu ubona amagama abhaliwe athi “Isaziso Samagunya Esiguli.” Elinye lalamagunya isivumelwano esiqondisiwe, leso esingase sibizwe ngendlela eqonde ngokwengeziwe ngokuthi ukuzikhethela okuqondisiwe. Ngemva kokuba isiguli sesazisiwe ngemiphumela engase ibe khona yokwelashwa okuhlukahlukene (noma yokungelashwa), kuyilungelo laso ukuzikhethela lokho esifuna ukukwenza. Esibhedlela iAlbert Einstein eBronx, eNew York, endabeni yoFakazi BakaJehova nokumpontshelwa kwegazi umthetho wenkambiso engakagunyazwa wathi: “Noma yisiphi isiguli esingumuntu omdala esiphile kahle sinelungelo lokwenqaba ukwelashwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lokho kwenqaba kungaba yingozi kanjani empilweni yaso.”2
Nakuba odokotela bengase bazwakalise ukukhathazeka ngenxa yezimiso nezindinganiso ezibalawulayo noma izibopho zabo njengodokotela, izinkantolo ziye zagcizelela ukubaluleka kokuzikhethela kwesiguli.3 INkantolo YaseNew York Yokudluliswa Kwamacala yathi “igunya lesiguli lokunquma inqubo yokwelashwa kwaso libaluleke kakhulu . . . Udokotela akunakuthiwa udebesele imithwalo yakhe yemfanelo ephathelene nomsebenzi wakhe noma engokomthetho uma ehlonipha igunya lesiguli esingumuntu omdala esikwaziyo ukuzinqumela lokwenqaba ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha.”4 Leyonkantolo futhi iye yakuqaphela ukuthi “nakuba ubuqotho ezimisweni ezilawula odokotela bubalulekile, abunakucindezela amagunya omuntu ayisisekelo aye agcizelelwa lapha. Okubalulekile yizidingo nezifiso zomuntu ngamunye, hhayi izimfuneko ezifunwa isibhedlela.”5
Lapho uFakazi enqaba igazi, odokotela bangase bezwe ubuhlungu bukanembeza uma becabanga ngokuthi abazokwenza kubonakala kungaphansi kwalokho abangase bakwazi ukukwenza. Nokho, lokho uFakazi acela odokotela abaqotho ukuba bakwenze, kuwukumnikeza okunye ukwelapha okungcono abangase babe nakho ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo. Ngokuvamile kumelwe sishintshe ukwelapha kwethu ukuze sibhekane nezimo ezinjengomfutho ophakeme kakhulu wegazi, ukungezwani kakhulu nokwelashwa ngama-antibiotics, noma ukungabibikho kwezinto ezithile zokwelapha ngenxa yokubiza kwazo kakhulu. Ngesiguli esiwuFakazi, odokotela bacelwa ukuba basingathe inkinga yezokwelapha noma yokuhlinza ngokuvumelana nokuzikhethela kwesiguli nonembeza waso, isinqumo sokuziphatha kwaso, okungokwenkolo kokuyeka igazi.
Imibiko eminingi yokuhlinzwa okukhulu okuye kwenziwa ezigulini ezingoFakazi kubonisa ukuthi odokotela abaningi bangasemukela ngonembeza omsulwa nangempumelelo isicelo sokungalisebenzisi igazi. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-1981, uCooley wabukeza ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi okwenziwa kubantu abayi-1 026, okungamaphesenti angama-22 kwalokho okwenziwa kubantwana. Washo “ukuthi ingozi yokuhlinza iqembu leziguli ezingoFakazi BakaJehova ayizange ibe nkulu kunaleyo yokuhlinza abanye.”6 UKambouris7 wabika ngokuhlinzwa okukhulu okwenziwa koFakazi, abanye babo “ababenqatshelwe ukuhlinzwa okudingeka ngokuphuthumayo ngenxa yokwenqaba kwabo ukwamukela igazi.” Wathi: “Zonke iziguli zathola ukuqinisekiswa kwangaphambi kokwelashwa kokuthi izinkolelo zazo ezingokwenkolo ziyohlonishwa, kungakhathaliseki izimo eziphakama endlini yokuhlinzela. Akubanga namiphumela emibi yalomthetho.”
Lapho isiguli singuFakazi KaJehova, unembeza ucatshangelwa ngaphezu kwendaba yokuzikhethela. Umuntu akanakucabangela kuphela unembeza kadokotela. Kuthiwani ngonembeza wesiguli? OFakazi BakaJehova babheka ukuphila njengesipho sikaNkulunkulu esimelelwa igazi. Bayawukholelwa umyalo weBhayibheli wokuthi amaKristu kumelwe ‘ayeke igazi’ (IzEnzo 15:28, 29).8 Nokho, uma udokotela ngobushiqela elulaza izinkolelo ezinjalo ezingokwenkolo ezijulile zesiguli esezinesikhathi eside, umphumela ungaba mubi kakhulu. UPapa John Paul II uye waqaphela ukuthi ukucindezela othile ukuba ephule unembeza wakhe “kuwukulinyazwa okubuhlungu kakhulu kwesithunzi somuntu. Ngengqondo ethile, kubi kakhulu kunokubangela ukufa okungokwenyama noma ukubulala.”9
Nakuba oFakazi BakaJehova benqaba igazi ngezizathu ezingokwenkolo, iziguli ezengeziwe ezingebona oFakazi zikhetha ukuligwema igazi ngenxa yezingozi ezinjengengculaza, inon-A non-B hepatitis, nengozi yezifo ezibangelwa ukwehluleka kwesimiso sokuzivikela. Singase sibatshele imibono yethu mhlawumbe enjengokuthi izingozi ezinjalo zibonakala zizincane uma ziqhathaniswa nezinzuzo. Kodwa, njengoba iNhlangano Yezokwelapha yaseMelika ikubeka, isiguli ‘siwumahluleli wokugcina wokuthi siyozama yini ukusebenzisa ukwelashwa noma ukuhlinzwa okutuswa udokotela noma sibhekane nengozi yokuphila ngaphandle kwakho. Lokho kuyigunya elingokwemvelo lomuntu, eliqashelwayo umthetho.”10
Ngokuhlangene nalokhu, uMacklin11 waveza indaba eyingozi/ezuzisayo ngokuphathelene noFakazi “owancama ukopha aze afe ngaphandle kokumpontshelwa igazi.” Udokotela osafunda wathi: “Indlela yakhe yokucabanga yayiphile kahle. Yini okumelwe uyenze lapho izinkolelo ezingokwenkolo zimelene nomthombo okuwukuphela kwawo wokwelapha?” UMacklin waphawula: “Singase sikholelwe ngokuqinile ukuthi lendoda yenza iphutha. Kodwa oFakazi BakaJehova bakholelwa ukuthi ukumpontshelwa . . . [kungase] kuphumele ekulahlweni kwaphakade. Siqeqeshelwe ukuba senze ukuhlaziya okuyingozi noma okuzuzisayo kwezemithi kodwa uma ulinganisa ukulahlwa kwaphakade nokuhlala uphila phakade emhlabeni, ukuhlaziya kwethu kuba ngenye indlela.”11
UVercillo noDuPrey12 kulesihloko seJournal babhekisela kuyiIn re Osborne ukuze baqokomise isithakazelo ekuqinisekiseni ukulondeka kwabanakekelwa iziguli, kodwa lelocala laxazululwa kanjani? Laliphathelene nobaba wabantwana ababili abasebancane owayelimele kakhulu. Inkantolo yanquma ukuthi uma efa, izihlobo zaziyonakekela abantwana bakhe ngokomoya nangokwenyama. Ngakho, njengakwamanye amacala amuva,13 inkantolo ayitholanga kucindezelwa okuvela kuhulumeni kokuba ivumele ukunganakwa kwelungelo lesiguli lokukhetha indlela esifuna ukwelashwa ngayo; ukungenela kwezokwahlulela ukuze kugunyazwe ukwelapha akwenqaba ngokujulile kwachithwa.14 Ngokwelashwa ngaphandle kwegazi walulama futhi waqhubeka enakekela umkhaya wakhe.
Akulona yini iqiniso ukuthi uquqaba olukhulu lwezehlakalo odokotela abaye babhekana nazo, noma ngokunokwenzeka abayobhekana nazo, lunganakekelwa ngaphandle kwegazi? Lokho esakufunda nesikwazi kangcono kuphathelene nezinkinga zokwelapha, nokho iziguli zingabantu abazinto zabo ezibalulekile nemigomo kungenakuthalaliswa. Bazi kangcono ngokuza kuqala ekuphileni kwabo, ukuziphatha kwabo nonembeza, okwenza ukuphila kube nenjongo kubo.
Ukuhlonipha unembeza ongokwenkolo weziguli ezingoFakazi kungase kubekele amakhono ethu inselele. Kodwa njengoba sibhekana nalenselele, sigcizelela inkululeko ebalulekile leyo esiyazisayo sonke. Njengoba uJohn Stuart Mill asho ngokuqondile: “Awukho umphakathi ongayihloniphi ngokuphelele lenkululeko, okhululekile, kungakhathaliseki uhlobo lwawo lukahulumeni . . . Umuntu ngamunye unakekela impilo yakhe siqu, kungaba ngeyomzimba, noma engokwengqondo nengokomoya. Isintu sizuza kakhulu ngokubekezelelana ukuze siphile njengoba kubonakala kukuhle kuso, kunokucindezelana ukuba siphile njengoba kubonakala kukuhle kwabanye.”15
[Izikhombo]
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