Ukungenzi-phutha NamaKristu Okuqala

IMFUNDISO yokungenziphutha ihlobene eduze naleyo ‘yobukhulu,’ noma igunya eliphakeme, kukapapa. Ngokwe-Enciclopedia Cattolica, “izincwadi zeBhayibheli eziveza ubukhulu zifakazela u[kungenziphutha] kopapa.” Ekusekeleni lemfundiso, incwadi efanayo icaphuna amavesi alandelayo lapho uKristu ekhuluma noPetru.

Mathewu 16:18: “Wena unguPetru; phezu kwalelidwala ngiyakulakha ibandla lami.”

Luka 22:32: “Kepha mina ngikunxusele ukuba ukukholwa kwakho kungapheli; wenake nxa usuphendukile, uqinise abafowenu.”

Johane 21:15-17: “Yipha amawundlu ami.” “Yalusa izimvu zami.” “Yipha izimvu zami.”—Revised Standard Version, Inguqulo yamaKatolika.

NgokweSonto lamaKatolika, amavesi ashiwo ngenhla kumelwe abonise: okokuqala, ukuthi uPetru “wayeyinkosana yabaphostoli,” okungukuthi, wayemkhulu kunabo; okwesibili, ukuthi wayengenziphutha; futhi okwesithathu, ukuthi wayeyoba “nabalandeli” abahlanganyela amagunya akhe, ubukhulu nokungenziphutha.

Nokho, ngokuphathelene nalokhu, uGiuseppe Alberigo, uthisha wezomlando wesonto, wenza lokhu kukhulumela okubalulekile: “Njengoba kwaziwa, kuyiNT [iTestamente Elisha] igama ‘upapa,’ noma ukuqokonyiswa ‘kobupapa,’ akuveli neze. Okuwukuphela komuntu ovelele uJesu waseNazaretha; phakathi kwabafundi, futhi ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabaphostoli, kuyadida kakhulu ngokwezisekelo ezingokwemibhalo, ukuqaphela umuntu ovelela ngaphezu kwabo bonke abanye. UPetru, uJohane, uJakobe, noPawulu, babumba abantu abanezici ezihlukanisayo nababalulekile, abahlukile komunye nomunye nabasebenzela ukuphelelisana. Ngaphandle kokungabaza, uPetru uvezwe njengomunye wabaphostoli uKristu akhuluma naye izikhathi eziningi, ngisho nakuba kwakungeyena kuphela noma obaluleke kakhulu.” Yini amaKristu akuqala ayeyikholelwa?

UProfesa Alberigo uyaphendula: “Emakhulwini okuqala, akukho ukwakhiwa kwemininingwane engokwemfundiso okukhona ngopapa nangezikhundla zakhe. . . . Ukwenzeka ‘kweepiscopus episcoporum’ [umbhishobhi wababhishobhi] kwakuwukuphambuka kukaCyprian [umlobi wekhulu lesithathu leminyaka], njengoba avuma emkhandlwini wabefundisi waseCarthage.”

Yaqala nini imfundiso yobupapa? UProfesa Alberigo uthi: “Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lesine leminyaka, ukuzisholo kwesonto lamaRoma ukuthi linesikhundla sobuphostoli, okungukuthi, sokusebenzelana namasonto asentshonalanga, kuba namandla ngokwengeziwe.” “Kwakungesikhathi sobubhishobhi bukaLeo I [ekhulwini lesihlanu leminyaka],” kunezela uAlberigo, lapho “umqondo ‘wokuba inkosi’ kukaPetru phakathi kwabaphostoli, osekelwe kuMt. 16:18,” wandiswa khona. “Akukho lutho olutholakala kuyiNT [ITestamente Elisha] oluboniswa uJesu ngokuphathelene nabalandeli bakaPetru, noma babanye abaphostoli.”

Kodwa ingabe amavesi anjengoMathewu 16:18, lawo avame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu izazi zezenkolo zamaKatolika, ayayisekela imfundiso yobupapa?

Ngubani “Itshe” Lesisekelo Eliyigugu?

“Wena unguPetru [ngesiGreki, Peʹtros], futhi phezu kwalelidwala [ngesiGreki, peʹtrai] ngiyakulakha ibandla lami.” NgokweSonto lamaKatolika, ukufana okuseduze phakathi kwamagama amabili kubonisa ukuthi uPetru uyitshe lesisekelo lebandla leqiniso, noma ibandla lobuKristu. Kodwa njengoba iBhayibheli linokuningi elikushoyo ngetshe elingokomfanekiso, kuyadingeka ukuhlola amanye amavesi ukuze sizuze ulwazi oluqondile.—Mathewu 16:18, Revised Standard Version, Inguqulo yamaKatolika.

Iziprofetho ezibalulekile emiBhalweni yesiHeberu kakade zase zikumemezele ukufika kwetshe eliyisisekelo elingokomfanekiso kanye nengxenye ekabili elalizoyifeza. Lalizokuba ithuluzi lensindiso ngalabo ababebonisa ukholo: “Bheka, ngibeka eSiyoni itshe lesisekelo, itshe elivivinyekileyo, itshe legumbi elinqabileyo lesisekelo esiyiso; okholwayo kayikubaleka.” (Isaya 28:16) Ngokuyindida, laliyokuba idwala amaIsrayeli angakholwa ayeyokhubeka ngalo: “Itshe abalenqabayo abakhi selabayinhloko yegumbi.” (IHubo 118:22) “Abeyitshe lokukhubekisa, nedwala lokuwisa kuzo izindlu zombili zakwaIsrayeli.”—Isaya 8:14.

Ingabe kwakungenzeka ngomuntu ovamile, ikakhulukazi uPetru onamawala ukuba afeze ingxenye ekabili yetshe elingokomfanekiso? (Mathewu 26:33-35, 69-75; Marku 14:34-42) Kumelwe silubonise kubani ukholo ukuze sithole insindiso, kuPetru noma kothile omkhulu kunaye? AmaIsrayeli akhubeka ngobani, ngoPetru noma ngoJesu? ImiBhalo ibonisa ngokusobala ukuthi iziprofetho eziphathelene netshe eliyigugu zagcwaliseka, hhayi kuPetru, kodwa eNdodaneni kaNkulunkulu, uJesu Kristu. KwakunguJesu owabhekisela iziprofetho zikaIsaya namaHubo 118 kuye ngokwakhe, njengoba uMathewu 21:42-45 ebonisa.

UPetru ngokwakhe, njengoba sifunda kweyoku-1 Petru 2:4-8, wabheka uJesu, futhi hhayi yena siqu, njengetshe lesisekelo. Esikhathini esingaphambili, lapho ekhuluma nabaholi benkolo abangamaJuda, wavuma ukuthi ‘uJesu Kristu waseNazaretha yena uyitshe eladelelwa yinina bakhi, eselaba yinhloko yegumbi.’—IzEnzo 4:10, 11.

Umphostoli uPawulu wayenomqondo ofanayo, njengoba kungase kubonakale emibhalweni enjengamaRoma 9:31-33, 1 Korinte 10:4, nabase-Efesu 2:20, lelivesi lokugcina livuma iqiniso lokuthi amalungu ebandla lobuKristu ‘akhiwe phezu kwesisekelo sabaphostoli nabaprofethi, uKristu Jesu uqobo lwakhe eyitshe legumbi.’ Futhi ‘uyinhloko yebandla,’ lelo aliqondisa esezulwini. “Mina nginani izinsuku zonke kuze kubesekupheleni kwezwe,” kusho uJesu.—Efesu 1:22; 5:23; Mathewu 28:20; Kolose 1:18.

UPetru—UPapa Noma Umuntu Ofana Nabanye?

Yiliphi ithuluzi uJesu alisebenzisa ekuqondiseni umsebenzi wabalandeli bakhe abathembekile ngemva kokwenyukela kwakhe ezulwini? Ingabe wabeka omunye wabo ‘njengomfundisi’ wakhe onamandla amakhulu, njengopapa? Cha, akazange amise uhlobo lukahulumeni olunamakhosi phezu kwebandla. Kunalokho, wabeka ukunakekelwa kwebandla phezu kwendikimba, noma iqembu lezinceku ezithembekile. Ekuqaleni kwalo ibandla lobuKristu laliqondiswa indikimba yonke yabaphostoli abayi-12 kanye nabadala ebandleni laseJerusalema.

Kwakungabaphostoli abayi-12, njengeqembu, abanquma indlela yokunakekela izidingo ezingokwenyama zabaswele. (IzEnzo 6:1-6) Indikimba yabayi-12 yanquma futhi labo okwakumelwe bathunyelwe kumaSamariya ngemva kokuba emukele izindaba ezinhle, futhi kwakhethwa uPetru noJohane. Kulesehlakalo, kuyabonakala ukuthi uPetru, ngaphandle kokwenza izinqumo ngokwakhe, wayengomunye walabo ‘abathunyelwa’ ngabaphostoli.—IzEnzo 8:14.

Ekugcineni, kwakuphakathi nomhlangano owawubanjelwe eJerusalema cishe ngo-49 C.E. lapho “abaphostoli namadoda amadala” benquma ngokwezisekelo ezingokwemiBhalo ukuthi kwakungadingekile ukusoka abeZizwe ababeguqulelwe ebuKristwini. (IzEnzo 15:1-29) Ngokulandisa komlando, kusobala ukuthi kwakungeyena uPetru kodwa uJakobe, umfowabo kaJesu ngamzali munye, owayengamele lowomhlangano. Eqinisweni, waphetha umhlangano ngokuthi: “Ngakho mina ngithi masingabakhathazi labo kwabezizwe abaphendukela kuNkulunkulu.” (IzEnzo 15:19) Ingabe uJakobe wayeyokwazi ukukhuluma ‘ngesinqumo sakhe’ uma uPetru owayekhona, ayemkhulu phakathi kwabaphostoli?

Umphostoli uPawulu, ekhuluma ngezinkonzo ezihlukahlukene ezazinengxenye ekwakhiweni kwebandla, akazange akhulume ngalokho okubizwa ngokuthi igunya lokufundisa likapapa kodwa kunalokho wakhuluma ngenkonzo ebumbene yabo bonke abaphostoli.—1 Korinte 12:28; Efesu 4:11, 12.

Ngokungangabazeki, ngenxa yentshiseko nokukhuthala kwakhe, uPetru wafeza ingxenye “enkulu,” njengoba kubhala uAlberigo. UJesu wamnika “izihluthulelo zombuso wezulu.” (Mathewu 16:19) Wasebenzisa lezihluthulelo ezingokomfanekiso ukuvulela amaJuda, amaSamariya, nabeZizwe ithuba lokungena eMbusweni wamazulu. (IzEnzo 2:14-40; 8:14-17; 10:24-48) Wanikezwa futhi nomthwalo wemfanelo ‘wokubopha’ ‘nokuthukulula,’ okuwumsebenzi awuhlanganyela nabanye abaphostoli. (Mathewu 16:19; 18:18, 19) Wayezokwelusa ibandla lobuKristu, okuthile lokho bonke ababonisi abangamaKristu okumelwe bakwenze.—IzEnzo 20:28; 1 Petru 5:2.

Nokho, ngenxa yezimfanelo zabo zobuKristu, abanye abaphostoli ngaphandle kukaPetru nabo futhi ‘babevelele.’ UPawulu wakhuluma ‘ngabanye ababaziswa ngokuthi bayizinsika’ zebandla, ebhekisela ‘kuJakobe, noKhefase [uPetru] noJohane.’ (Galathiya 2:2, 9) Umfowabo kaJesu ngamzalimunye uJakobe wafeza ingxenye ebaluleke ngokukhethekile. Njengoba kuphawulwe ngaphambili, wengamela umhlangano waseJerusalema, futhi kukhona ukulandisa okuhlukahlukene okuvumelana nengxenye yakhe ephawulekayo.—IzEnzo 12:17; 21:18-25; Galathiya2:12.

UNkulunkulu wanikeza abafundi bakaJesu abathembekile amandla amakhulu, kuhlanganise nekhono lokwenza izimangaliso. Kepha akukho lapho sifunda khona ukuthi wabagcwalisa ngamandla okusho okuthile okungenaphutha. Nakuba ayethembekile, uPetru wazenza iziphambeko. Wasolwa nguJesu, futhi ngesinye isikhathi umphostoli uPawulu wamqondisa obala.—Mathewu 16:21-23; 26:31-34; Galathiya 2:11-14.

ImiBhalo kuphela engenaphutha, njengoba iyiZwi likaNkulunkulu. UPetru wakhuluma ‘ngezwi lesiprofetho’ okumelwe silinikeze ukunakekela njengesibani esikhanyayo. (2 Petru 1:19-21) Uma sifuna ukwazi intando kaNkulunkulu, khona-ke kumelwe sizinikele eZwini lakhe ‘eliphilayo.’ (Heberu 4:12) YiZwi likaNkulunkulu kuphela elinikeza amaqiniso isintu esiwadinga kakhulu, hhayi incazelo engaqondakali yabaholi benkolo. Nasesikhathini sethu, uKristu Jesu usebenzisa iqembu lezinceku zakhe, elenza amaphutha kodwa elithembekile, lilonke okuthiwa ‘inceku ethembekileyo neqondayo.’—Mathewu 24:45-47.

Obani abamelela lenceku engokomfanekiso emhlabeni namuhla? Isifundo seBhayibheli esiqondile singakusiza ukuba ubone ukuthi obani. OFakazi BakaJehova bayokujabulela ukukusiza.

[Izithombe ekhasini 9]

Lalingubani itshe lesisekelo—uKristu othembekile? Noma uPetru, owamphika izikhathi ezintathu?