IRepublic of Congo (Brazzaville)

Isihloko esithi “IQiniso Liyakunikhulula” sasigqamile encwadini ensomi eyayisephaseleni elivuliwe. Zayima emthumeni ku-Etienne. Iphasela lona kwakungelakhe uqobo. Lalibhalwe igama lakhe, elithi Etienne Nkounkou, umdwebi omkhulu wamapulani emnyango kahulumeni eBangui, eFrench Equatorial Africa. Kodwa wayengazange ayi-ode le ncwadi, kanti wayengalazi nekheli eyayivela kulo, elithi Watch Tower eSwitzerland. Wayengazi ukuthi iqiniso leBhayibheli elalichazwe kuleyo ncwadi lase lizokushintsha ukuphila kwakhe. Lelo qiniso lalizokhulula nezinkulungwane zabantu bakubo abaNsundu enkolweni yamanga, ekubandlululaneni kwezizwe, nasekungafundini. Lalizovikela abaningi ekuhuhweni umbhiyozo wezombusazwe owawusondela nasekudumaleni okwalandela. Lalizobanikeza isibindi nethemba lapho behlelwa izinto ezibuhlungu. Lalizokwenza abantu abesaba uNkulunkulu bafake nokuphila kwabo engozini ukuze basize abanye. Indaba yalezi zigigaba izokuthinta inhliziyo futhi ikukhuthaze. Nokho, singakezwa ukuthi u-Etienne wenzani ngemva kwalokho, ake sixoxe ngaleli zwe lase-Afrika ayelibiza ngokuthi yikhaya.

Kusasele iminyaka eyishumi uChristopher Columbus athathe uhambo lwakhe oludumile lokuya emazwekazini aseMelika ngo-1492, amatilosi angamaPutukezi, eholwa nguDiogo Cão, atheleka esizalweni soMfula iCongo maphakathi ne-Afrika. Ayengazi ukuthi la manzi omfula ayeshayeka emkhunjini wawo ayegeleze amakhilomitha amaningi andukuba afike olwandle.

La maPutukezi abonana nabantu balapha, izakhamuzi zombuso waseKongo owawukhomba ngophakathi. Kwaze kwaphela iminyaka engamakhulu amaningi amaPutukezi nabanye abeLungu abahwebayo bethenga amazinyo endlovu nezigqila kubantu abaNsundu ababehlala ngasogwini. AbeLungu baze baqala ukuzidela amathambo bangena phakathi kuleli zwe ngasekupheleni kwawo-1800. Omunye wabantu ababephambili ekuhloleni le ndawo kwakunguPierre Savorgnan de Brazza, isikhulu sebutho lasemanzini laseFrance. Ngo-1880, uBrazza wasayina isivumelwano nenkosi yalapha, yavuma ukuba indawo engenhla koMfula iCongo ibuswe yiFrance. Ngemva kwesikhathi le ndawo yabizwa ngokuthi iFrench Equatorial Africa. Inhloko-dolobha yayo kwakuyiBrazzaville.

Namuhla, iBrazzaville iyinhloko-dolobha nedolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke kuleli zwe eliyiRepublic of Congo manje. Leli dolobha lingasosebeni loMfula iCongo. Ezansi nalo mfula, amanzi ayafuqeka ashayeke emadwaleni nasemaweni ibanga elingaba amakhilomitha angu-400 ebheke esizalweni, lapho uCão amisa khona umkhumbi ohambweni lwakhe lokuhlola leli zwe. Uma useBrazzaville ubona idolobha laseKinshasa ngaphesheya komfula, eliyinhloko-dolobha yeDemocratic Republic of Congo. Njengoba womabili la mazwe ebizwa ngegama lomfula, kujwayeleke ukuba abizwe ngokuthi iCongo (Brazzaville) neCongo (Kinshasa).

Ezansi nomfula, ngale kweBrazzaville, lapho umfula ugubha khona nalapho wakha khona izimpophoma, awukwazi ukuhamba ngesikebhe uye e-Atlantic. Kodwa kunojantshi wesitimela oxhuma iBrazzaville nedolobha eligudle ugu iPointe-Noire. Iningi lezakhamuzi zaseCongo zihlala kula madolobha amabili nasezindaweni eziwazungezile. Nakuba amanye amadolobha amancane agudle ugu namanye amakhulu ekude le phezulu, ingxenye enkulu yaleli zwe elishisayo neligcwele amahlathi ayinabantu abaningi.

Iqiniso Liqala Ukukhulula Abantu

Ake siphindele endabeni ka-Etienne-ke manje. Kwakungu-1947 ngesikhathi ethola incwadi eposini. Ngalo kanye usuku ayithola ngalo, u-Etienne wafunda izihloko zokuqala futhi wazixoxela umakhelwane wakhe. Bobabili balibona iqiniso base benquma ukumema abanye abangane babo ngeSonto elilandelayo ukuba bazofunda le ncwadi kanye nabo babheke nemibhalo. Labo abeza bakuthanda ababekufunda, futhi banquma ukuphinde bahlangane ngeSonto elilandelayo. Isisebenzi salapho kuseshwa khona izimpahla, u-Augustin Bayonne, wayekhona ngenkathi kuhlanganwa okwesibili. Njengo-Etienne, naye wayedabuka eBrazzaville, futhi naye wakushisekela ukusakaza iqiniso eliletha inkululeko yangempela.

Ngesonto elilandelayo, u-Etienne wathola izincwadi ezimbili. Enye wayeyibhalelwe umngane wakhe eCameroon owayazi ukuthi u-Etienne uthanda inkolo. Wayemazisa ukuthi wayethumele igama lakhe u-Etienne ehhovisi laseSwitzerland le-Watch Tower Society. Eyesibili yayibhalwe yihhovisi laseSwitzerland lithi limthumelele incwadi futhi limkhuthaza ukuba ayifunde yena kanye nomkhaya wakhe nabangane. Lalimnikeza nekheli laseFrance lapho ayengathola khona ukwaziswa okwengeziwe. U-Etienne wayesazi-ke manje ukuthi le ncwadi ifike kanjani kuye. Ngokushesha waqala ukubhalelana njalo nehhovisi legatsha loFakazi BakaJehova eFrance.

Kungakapheli minyaka emingaki, u-Etienne no-Augustin baphindela eBrazzaville. Kodwa ngaphambi kwalokho, u-Etienne wabhalela umngane wakhe eBrazzaville uTimothée Miemounoua, owayenguthisha-nhloko wesikole sokufundela amakhono. Yayiqala kanje incwadi yakhe: “Ngiyathokoza ukukwazisa ukuthi indlela ebesiyilandela akuyona eyeqiniso. NgoFakazi BakaJehova abaneqiniso.” U-Etienne wamchazela izinto ayesezifundile. Wamfakela nencwadi ethi “IQiniso Liyakunikhulula.” UTimothée wawamukela umyalezo weBhayibheli, njengoba nje kwakwenze u-Etienne no-Augustin. Bába abantu baseCongo bokuqala abathathu abamukela iqiniso leBhayibheli, futhi ngamunye waqhubeka esiza nabanye abaningi ukuba balamukele.

UTimothée wamema abafundi ababehlala ngaphakathi esikoleni sokufundela amakhono ukuba beze ezingxoxweni zeBhayibheli zakusihlwa. Wabhala wacela nezincwadi ezengeziwe zeBhayibheli. Leli qembu laqala ukuqhuba imihlangano nokwenza konke elalingakwenza ukuze lishumayele. Kamuva, abanye abafundi, njengoNoé Mikouiza noSimon Mampouya, bathola amalungelo okwengamela enhlanganweni kaJehova.

Ngo-1950, kwafika u-Eric Cooke, isithunywa sevangeli esasihlala eNingizimu Rhodesia (manje yiZimbabwe), ezokhuthaza la maqembu amancane abantu abathakazelayo eBangui naseBrazzaville. Inkinga kodwa kwakuwukuthi uMfoweth’ uCooke wayengasazi isiFulentshi. U-Etienne uyakhumbula: “Esebenzisa isichazamazwi sakhe esincane sesiNgisi nesiFulentshi, lo mfowethu othobekile nonozwela wayezama okusemandleni akhe ukuba asichazele umsebenzi wokushumayela ngoMbuso nokuhlela izinto ngendlela engokwasezulwini. Ngezinye izikhathi kwakudingeka siqagele nje ukuthi uthini.”

Kubekwa Imingcele

UMfoweth’ uCooke wayefike ngesikhathi ngoba ngo-July 24, 1950, inxusa likahulumeni wamakoloni labeka imingcele yokungenisa nokusakaza zonke izincwadi ezinyatheliswa oFakazi BakaJehova. Ngonyaka owalandela, abamemezeli baseFrench Equatorial Africa bahambisa izincwadi eziyisithupha kuphela, yize babeqhube imihlangano yeningi engu-468. INcwadi Yonyaka YoFakazi BakaJehova Ka-1952 (yesiNgisi) yabonisa ukusiqonda isimo sabafowethu nokubazwela. Yathi: “Zibone ngeso lengqondo, uma ungakwazi, usensimini enkulu enabamemezeli besigijimi soMbuso abangu-37 kuphela abasakazeke kulo lonke izwe. Hleze awukaze ubabone abanye ofakazi abakhuthele ngaphandle kwabambalwa abasendaweni yakini. Okwaziyo nje wena ngeqiniso nangendlela yokushumayela yiloko okufunde ezincwadini ezinyathelisiwe nasezincwadini ezimbalwa ezazibhalwe yiNhlangano ezakwazi ukufika kuwe. Sinjalo isimo sabafowethu e-Afrika ebuswa yiFrance.”

Kamuva kwafika uJacques Michel evela eFrance ezokhuthaza leli qembu futhi aliqeqeshe ngokwengeziwe. UNoé Mikouiza, omunye wabafundi basesikoleni sokufundela amakhono, ukhumbula umbuzo ababefuna ukuwubuza. Babuza: “Kwenqatshelwe yini ukuphuza iwayini?” Wonke amehlo ayethe njo kuMfoweth’ uMichel njengoba evula iBhayibheli lakhe kumaHubo 104:15. Eselifundile lelo vesi, uJacques wachaza ukuthi iwayini liyisipho esivela kuNkulunkulu, nakuba amaKristu kungamelwe aliphuze kakhulu.

Abafowethu ababesanda kubhapathizwa eBrazzaville babashumayeza ngentshiseko abanye. Ngezimpelasonto, babevame ukuwela umfula ngesikebhe bayoshumayela eKinshasa. Ngo-1952 kwabhapathizwa abantu bokuqala baseCongo eseningizimu yomfula. Kuningi abafowethu baseBrazzaville abakwenza ukuze basize abaseKinshasa kuleyo minyaka yokuqala. Kwakuzobuye kube abaseKinshasa abasiza abaseBrazzaville.

Ngo-December 1954 abafowethu bahlela ukuba kube nomhlangano omkhulu eBrazzaville. Kwafika ababalelwa ku-650, futhi kwabhapathizwa abangu-70. Iqiniso lalikhulula abantu abaningi ngokwengeziwe enkolweni yamanga. Njengokulindelekile, abefundisi benkolo yeLobukholwa abakuthandanga lokhu futhi benza imizamo yokuqhatha iziphathimandla noFakazi BakaJehova. Amaphoyisa ayecabanga ukuthi uTimothée Miemounoua ungumholi woFakazi, ngakho ayevame ukumbizela esiteshini samaphoyisa. Amsongela futhi amshaya. Akuzange kumdikibalise lokhu, kungabethusanga futhi nabanye abantu bakaJehova eBrazzaville. Baqhubeka banda abantu abanesithakazelo eqinisweni leBhayibheli.

Iziphathimandla zabe sezithatha izinyathelo ezinqala. UTimothée Miemounoua no-Aaron Diamonika, omunye wabafundi basesikoleni sokufundela amakhono owamukela iqiniso, babeqashwe uhulumeni. Ngo-1955 uhulumeni wabashintshela kude le emaqaqasini. UTimothée wayiswa eDjambala, u-Aaron wayiswa e-Impfondo. Lowo mzamo wokuphazamisa umsebenzi wokushumayela wabhuntsha ngendlela edabukisayo. Abafowethu eBrazzaville baqhubeka nomsebenzi wabo wentshiseko kanti uTimothée no-Aaron bavula amasimu amasha, bamisa namabandla lapho base behlala khona. Yize abafowethu babeshiseka, babefisa ukuthola usizo lwakwamanye amazwe. Lwase luzotholakala.

Ngo-March 1956 kwafika izithunywa zevangeli zokuqala ezine zivela eFrance: UJean no-Ida Seignobos kanye noClaude noSimone Dupont. Ngo-January 1957 kwavulwa ihhovisi legatsha elalengamele umsebenzi wokushumayela eFrench Equatorial Africa eBrazzaville. UMfoweth’ uSeignobos waba inceku yegatsha. Ngemva nje kwalokho, wehlelwa umshophi lapho umkakhe u-Ida ephangalala engozini yemoto ngesikhathi behambela amabandla ezweni eliyiCentral African Republic manje. UJean waqhubeka ekhonza esabelweni sakhe.

Phakathi Emaqaqasini

Ngaleso sikhathi u-Augustin Bayonne wayesengumbonisi wesifunda. U-Augustin wayehambela izigodi eziphakathi emahlathini kanye nalapho kwakukanisa khona abaThwa enyakatho nasentshonalanga yezwe. Ngenxa yokuthi wayehlale ehamba futhi eya kude, kuyo yonke le ndawo wáziwa ngokuthi uNdleleni. UMfoweth’ uBayonne wayebuye ahambe noJean Seignobos. Kwakummangaza uJean ukuthi abantu abahlala phakathi emahlathini ashisayo babesuke bazi ukuthi bayeza. Izigubhu zazisuke zihlabe umkhosi zathi: “Nangu uNdleleni eza nomlungu.”

Kuningi okwafezwa yilolu hambo. Abantu babekade bethi oFakazi BakaJehova baseCongo (Brazzaville) kuphela. Ukuba khona kukaMfoweth’ uSeignobos nezinye izithunywa zevangeli, kanye nemibukiso yefilimu ethi The New World Society in Action, kwabonisa ukuthi akunjalo.

Iqiniso leBhayibheli laqhubeka lifinyelela le kwanja’ yiphume, likhulula abantu emikhubeni ephathelene nemimoya nasezingxabanweni zobuzwe. Abafowethu abaningi bakulezi zindawo babengafundile. Njengoba babengenawo amawashi, isikhathi sokuya esifundweni babesazi ngokubheka ukuphakama kwelanga. Isikhathi abasichithe ensimini babesikala ngezinti. Njalo nje uma beshumayeza umuntu, babegoqa uthi ngeduku. Izinti ezine zazimelela ihora elilodwa. Ngakho babekwazi ukubika ekupheleni kwenyanga. Kodwa eqinisweni abafowethu babeshumayela isikhathi esingaphezu kwababesibika, kwazise babehlale bexoxa ngeqiniso nabanye.

Intuthuko Kwezomthetho Nezinguquko Kwezombusazwe

Khumbula ukuthi ngo-1950 ukungena kwezincwadi ezinyatheliswe oFakazi BakaJehova kwabekelwa imingcele. Njengoba sesibonile, lokhu akuwumisanga umsebenzi wokwenza abafundi. Bexakekile, abefundisi beLobukholwa bakhononda ezikhulwini zikahulumeni, baqamba amanga bathi oFakazi BakaJehova bangamaKhomanisi. Ngenxa yalokho, ngolunye uLwesine ngo-1956, abafowethu abayishumi baboshwa ngehora lesihlanu ekuseni. Kwasheshe kwezwakala ukuthi baboshiwe; abaphikisi bajabula. Icala laqulwa ngalo lelo langa enkantolo eyayigcwele phama abafowethu ababefuna ukuzibonela ukuthi kwenzekani.

UNoé Mikouiza uyasilandisa: “Njengoba icala liqulwa, sanikeza ubufakazi bokuthi asiwona amaKhomanisi kodwa singamaKristu, siyizinceku zikaNkulunkulu, senza okulotshwe kuMathewu 24:14. Ummeli wethu, owayezifundile izincwadi zethu, watshela inkantolo ukuthi ukube bonke abantu bebenjengoFakazi BakaJehova, bezingeke zibe khona izigelekeqe. Ngaleyo ntambama saphuma isinqumo: ‘Abanacala.’ Sonke saphuthuma emakhaya ngenjabulo siyoshintsha izingubo sigqoke ezasesifundweni ngoba kwakuyilanga lesifundo. Lonke idolobha lase lazi ukuthi siboshiwe, futhi sasifuna lonke lazi ukuthi sesidedelwe. Esifundweni saziculela phezulu izingoma zoMbuso. Abaningi abasizwa bamangala. Babelindele ukuba sibe sejele.”

Ngo-August 15, 1960, iRepublic of Congo yathola uzimele geqe. Kwaqubuka udlame kwezombusazwe. Abefundisi beLobukholwa babengongqa phambili kulolu dlame, kanti oFakazi BakaJehova bona baziqhubekela nomsebenzi wokushumayela. Ngo-1960 ingqikithi yabangu-3 716 yaba khona emhlanganweni wesifunda eBrazzaville. Enyakatho nakhona abantu babethutheleka emabandleni. Ngokwesibonelo, kwenye indawo eyayihlala abamemezeli abangu-70, kwakuba khona abantu abacela enkulungwaneni emihlanganweni yebandla.

Ngo-December 1961 oFakazi babhalisa ngokomthetho inhlangano ebizwa ngokuthi Les Témoins de Jéhovah. Ukuqashelwa ngokomthetho kwahambisana nezinzuzo ezithile, kodwa abafowethu babazi ukuthi kuwubuwula ukuncika ngokuphelele kulokho. UMfoweth’ uSeignobos uyalandisa ukuthi kwenzekani ngemva nje kwalokho: “Langa limbe ngabizwa isikhulu samaphoyisa esagxeka ukungathathi hlangothi kwethu kobuKristu. Sangisongela ngokuthi sizongixosha kuleli zwe. Ngangesaba ukuthi sizongixosha ngempela ngoba sasinalo lelo gunya. Kodwa ngakusasa samelwa inhliziyo, safa.”

Ukuphila Kwezithunywa Zevangeli Ngawo-1960

Ngo-February 1963, kwafika uFred Lukuc noMax Danyleyko bevela eHaiti. Ngenkathi uFred eseshadile, waba umbonisi wesifunda. Ekuqaleni, lapho ehambela amabandla, wayengakwazi ukubona ukuthi obani abangabomkhaya owodwa. Uyakhumbula: “Ngangingazi ukuthi angobani amakhosikazi abadala, futhi ngingaboni nokuthi yiziphi ezabo izingane. Abafowethu babegcina isiko lase-Afrika ephakathi lokuba amakhosikazi azibize ngezibongo zakubo noma eseshadile nokuthi izingane zibizwe ngesibongo sesihlobo noma somngane womkhaya.

“Mhlazane siqala ukuya eHholo LoMbuso ebusuku, sathola ukuthi abafowethu babenamahloni okuxoxa nathi. Lapho isifundo sesiqalile, sabona inqaba yento. Abafowethu nabafana asebekhulakhulile babehlezi ngapha kwehholo; izingane ezincane nodade bona behlezi ngapha. Lapho isifundo siqala, uhlangothi lwabafowethu lwalugcwele impela, kodwa babembalwa ababehlezi ohlangothini lodade. Njengoba isifundo siqhubeka, odade babelokhu befika belandelwa izingane ezincane, bethwele amaBhayibheli nezincwadi.

“Ngaya phambili ngabingelela ibandla ngase ngizethula mina nomkami. Ngemva kokubamukela ngemfudumalo, ngama kancane, ngabuka uhlangothi lwamadoda lwehholo, ngathi: ‘Bafowethu, ngininika imizuzu eyishumi yokuyohlala nomkenu nezingane zenu. Kusukela manje, ngicela nihlale ngemikhaya njengoba kwenza bonke abantu bakaJehova emhlabeni jikelele.’ Ababanga nankinga yokwenza lokho.”

Izinto zokuhamba zomphakathi nazo zaziyinselele. ULeah, umka Mfoweth’ uLukuc, uyakhumbula: “Sasipakisha iziponji ezincane, inetha lokuvikela omiyane, ibhakede lamanzi, umshini wokucwenga amanzi, izingubo, izincwadi, omagazini namafilimu asekelwe eBhayibhelini. Ukuze sidlale amafilimu kwakudingeka siphathe izintambo zikagesi, ama-globe kagesi, isondo okuthandela kulo i-tape yefilimu, amaphepha okubhalwe kuwo leyo filimu, i-generator encane, nesigubhu sikaphethiloli. Zonke lezi zinto sasigibela nazo elolini lendawo. Ukuze sithole indawo ngaphambili, kwakufuneka sibe sesitobhini ngo-2:00 ekuseni. Ngale kwalokho, sasihlala ngemuva elangeni nezilwane, imithwalo nabanye abantu abaningi.

“Kwake kwathi ngemva kwesikhathi eside sihamba elangeni, safika ekhaya sathola ukuthi endlini encane yodaka esasihlala kuyo kwakugcwele izintuthwane. Zazigibele ebhakedeni lamanzi, zashaya ujenga zaze zayofika esitsheni esincane sebhotela, zalishaya zalivala. Ngalobo busuku sadla isinkwa esingagcotshiwe, sahlukaniselana nethini lenhlanzi. Nakuba sasikhathele futhi siphatheke kabi, sahamba sayolala sashiya abafowethu phandle botha umlilo behlabelela kamnandi izingoma zoMbuso. Yeka indlela emnandi yokusilolozela!”

Izithunywa Zevangeli Nabadala Bendawo Abathembekile

Kusukela ngo-1956 kuze kube ngu-1977, zingaphezu kuka-20 izithunywa zevangeli ezakhonza eCongo (Brazzaville). Yize ukuphila kwakungazihambeli kahle njalo, ngasinye saba neqhaza elibalulekile emsebenzini wokushumayela ngoMbuso. Ngokwesibonelo, bonke ababa izinceku zegatsha babeyizithunywa zevangeli futhi. Lapho uMfoweth’ uSeignobos ephindela eFrance ngo-1962, uLarry Holmes wamiswa ukuba engamele umsebenzi wokushumayela. Ngemva kokuba uLarry nomkakhe u-Audrey sebeyiyekile inkonzo yezithunywa zevangeli ngo-1965, uMfoweth’ uLukuc waba inceku yegatsha.

Abafowethu abaningi bendawo nabo baba izibonelo ezinhle kakhulu ekuholeni. Ngenkathi kuqala uhlelo lweKomiti Yegatsha ngo-1976, iNdikimba Ebusayo yamisa abafowethu abathathu: UJack Johansson noPalle Bjerre, ababeyizithunywa zevangeli, noMarcellin Ngolo, umfowethu wakhona lapha.

U-Augustin Bayonne—uNdleleni—waya ekilasini laseGileyadi lika-37 ngo-1962. Esephothulile, waya eCentral African Republic, lapho ayefunde khona incwadi ethi “IQiniso Liyakunikhulula” cishe eminyakeni engaba ngu-15 ngaphambili. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, u-Augustin washada, waba nezingane, wabe esebuyela eBrazzaville, lapho anikela khona ngomuzi wakhe ukuba kuqhutshelwe kuwo imihlangano yobuKristu. Kamuva, wanikela ngengxenye yendawo yakhe ukuba kwakhiwe kuyo iHholo LoMbuso, elakhiwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

U-Augustin Bayonne noTimothée Miemounoua sebashona. Esaphila, uTimothée wabhala ezinye zezigigaba ezamehlela. Waphetha indaba yakhe ngokucaphuna eyamaHebheru 10:39: “Asilona uhlobo oluhlehlela emuva ekubhujisweni, kodwa siluhlobo olunokholo kube ukulondwa komphefumulo.” U-Etienne Nkounkou, ophakathi kwabantu bokuqala abathathu abamukela iqiniso eCongo, usecela eminyakeni engu-90 ubudala. Yeka izibonelo ezinhle abayizo laba bafowethu ábenza inkonzo ngokwethembeka!

Isikhathi Sokuvivinywa

Ngo-August 1970 iRepublic of Congo yashintsha uhulumeni wafuza owamaKhomanisi. Khumbula ukuthi eminyakeni engaphambili, iziphathimandla zazibahlupha abafowethu, zithi bangamaKhomanisi. Manje njengoba kwase kubusa amaKhomanisi, iziphathimandla ezintsha zazibakhomba ngomunwe abafowethu zithi abawona amaKhomanisi!

Kodwa kwake kwaphela isikhathi lo hulumeni omusha ungawuphazamisi umsebenzi woFakazi BakaJehova. Imihlangano emikhulu neyebandla yayiqhutshwa obala, nezithunywa zevangeli ezintsha zazivunyelwa ukungena kuleli zwe. Kodwa makhathaleni abafowethu baqala ukusizwa isandla sombuso wamaKhomanisi. Okokuqala, izikhulu ezithile zathi izithunywa zevangeli ziyizinhloli. Kwathi ngo-January 3, 1977, umsebenzi woFakazi BakaJehova wavalwa ngokomthetho. Izithunywa zevangeli zaxoshwa zilandelana kwaze kwasala uJack noLinda Johansson kuphela. Echaza lesi sikhathi, uJack uthi: “Lezo zinyanga ezimbalwa sisodwa ehhovisi legatsha cishe zaziyisikhathi esivivinya ukholo nesiluqinisa kunazo zonke esake sabhekana nazo enkonzweni yethu yezithunywa zevangeli. Sasinukwa ngokuthi siyizinhloli ze-American Central Intelligence Agency. Izitha zikahulumeni, kuhlanganise nabefundisi benkolo, zaziboshwa futhi zibulawa. Ngakho sasazi ukuthi sizulelwa amanqe. Noma kunjalo, sabona ukuthi uJehova wayesivikela, futhi lokho kwaluqinisa ukholo lwethu.”

UNoé Mikouiza wakhalaza kundunankulu, wacela ukuba uJack noLinda bavunyelwe baqhubeke bekuleli zwe. Lesi sicelo senqatshwa; kwadingeka bahambe. Igatsha namaHholo OMbuso kwadliwa, nehhovisi legatsha lavalwa. Igatsha laseFrance lengamela umsebenzi wokushumayela okwesikhashana, kodwa kamuva wanikezwa ihhovisi legatsha laseKinshasa lo mthwalo wemfanelo.

Yize abafowethu babebekelwe imingcele ethile, abazange bashushiswe ngesihluku njengoFakazi bakwamanye amazwe. Nokho, abafowethu abathile besaba, futhi bathelela nabanye. Nakuba abafowethu babeyiqhuba njalo imihlangano, inkonzo yendlu ngendlu yona yayekwa. Ihhovisi legatsha eKinshasa labe selithumela abadala ngaphesheya komfula ukuba bayokhuthaza futhi baqinise abafowethu.

Omunye walabo badala kwakungu-André Kitula. Ngo-June 1981 waqala ukuhambela amabandla angu-12 eBrazzaville njengombonisi wesifunda. Lapho ekhonza ibandla lokuqala kuleli dolobha, waphawula ukuthi abafowethu babeba khona ngoLwesibili eSikoleni Senkonzo Esingokwasezulwini naseMhlanganweni Wenkonzo. Kodwa ngoLwesithathu ekuseni, kwakungafiki mmemezeli emhlanganweni wenkonzo yasensimini. Lapho u-André eqala ukushumayela yedwa, umninikhaya othile wathi kuye: “OFakazi BakaJehova yibona ababevame ukusiduduza, kodwa manje abasabonwa!”

Njengoba u-André eqhubeka eshumayela ekuseni ngalelo langa, wahlangana nomunye umfowethu owathi: “Asisakujwayele thina ukushumayela endlini ngendlu.” Lo mfowethu wabe esexoxela abanye abamemezeli ngokushumayela kuka-André. Ntambama kwafika odade abaningana emhlanganweni wenkonzo yasensimini. Masinyane nje waphinde waqalwa umsebenzi wendlu ngendlu kulo lonke elaseBrazzaville. Eminyakeni emithathu ákhonza ngayo lapha u-André nomkakhe, uClémentine, akuboshwanga noyedwa umfowethu. Abafowethu abangahlali enhloko-dolobha bezwa ngalokhu. Baphetha ngokuthi uma abafowethu baseBrazzaville babengesabi ukuya endlini ngendlu, sasingekho isizathu sokuba besabe nabo.

UDavid Nawej, owayesebenza ehhovisi legatsha laseKinshasa ngaleso sikhathi, uchaza isizathu sokuba igatsha likujabulele kangaka ukuyosiza ngaphesheya komfula. Uthi: “Abafowethu baseBrazzaville yibona ababelethe iqiniso eKinshasa. Kamuva, lapho isimiso samaKhomanisi kulelo zwe siwukhinyabeza umsebenzi, oFakazi balapha babasiza abafowabo. Kwafakazeleka ukuba yiqiniso kokuhlakanipha okulotshwe kumShumayeli 4:9, 10: ‘Ababili bangcono kunoyedwa, ngoba banomvuzo omuhle ngomsebenzi wabo onzima. Ngoba uma kungenzeka omunye wabo awe, lo omunye angamvusa umngane wakhe.’ Kuleli lakithi, abafowethu baye bathi: ‘AmaCongo amabili angcono kuneyodwa.’”

Baqhubekela Phambili Naphezu Kwezinguquko Kwezombusazwe

Ngonyaka ka-1991 kwaba nezinxushunxushu nezinguquko kwezombusazwe. ICongo (Brazzaville) ayibange isaba neqembu elilodwa lezombusazwe kodwa aba maningi. Yize abantu babebhiyoza emigwaqweni, abafowethu bakhumbula isixwayiso esikumaHubo 146:3, esithi: “Ningabeki ithemba lenu ezicukuthwaneni, noma endodaneni yomuntu wasemhlabeni, okungekhona okwayo ukusindisa.” Akuthathanga sikhathi kwabe sekubonakala ukuba yiqiniso kwala mazwi.

Noma kunjalo, izinguquko kwezombusazwe zabalethela izinzuzo abantu bakaJehova. Ngo-November 12, 1991, ungqongqoshe wezangaphakathi washaya umthetho oqeda ukuvinjelwa komsebenzi woFakazi BakaJehova. AmaHholo OMbuso ababephucwe wona abuyiswa, nakuba singabuyiswanga isakhiwo segatsha, esisasetshenziswa abaQaphi BakaMongameli namanje. Ngo-August 1992, kwahlelwa ukuba kube nemihlangano yesigodi eBrazzaville nasePointe-Noire, eyokuqala eminyakeni engu-15. Kulowo nyaka izifundo zeBhayibheli zanda zafika ku-5 675, okuliphinda cishe kane inani labamemezeli!

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ukuvulwa kabusha komsebenzi kwavulela izithunywa zevangeli intuba yokungena. Kwamiswa amaphayona akhethekile abe esethunyelwa enyakatho, lapho abaningi babantu ababeya emihlanganweni yebandla babengafundile. Amabandla asemadolobheni ayephumelele ukufundisa abaningi ukufunda nokubhala. Manje kwase kuyisikhathi sokuba imizamo yokugqugquzela ukufunda yenabele kulo lonke izwe.

Ukhetho lwango-1993 lwadala ezinye izinguquko kuhulumeni. Ukungagculiseki kwabantu abaningi ababeseqenjini eliphikisayo kwaholela ekutheni izwe liphathwe ibutho lezempi amasonto amaningi. Ukuhlaselana, iziteleka, umthetho wewashi, ukuvinjwa kwemigwaqo nokuphanga, konke kwaba yizinto zamihla yonke. Abantu babeshaqekile futhi bedumele. Izinkinga zomnotho zaphikelela. Isasasa lango-1991 lase liphelile.

Izinkinga zobuzwe nazo zazingazibekile phansi. Imibango yezizwe yaphoqa abafowethu abathile ukuba bathuthele ezindaweni ezithe ukulondeka. Ngenxa yalokho, amabandla ambalwa kwadingeka ahlakazwe. Phakathi naleso simo, abafowethu babebonisa njalo ukuthi iqiniso libakhululile ekuzondeni ezinye izizwe. Ngesikhathi sodlame abafowethu babesizana futhi bevikelana, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi abasizwe sini. Abantu abaningi base beqala ukubona ukuthi nguJehova kuphela ongabanikeza ukulondeka kwangempela.

Ihhovisi legatsha eKinshasa lanikeza isiqondiso nesikhuthazo. Ekupheleni kuka-1996, kwase kuphinde kwaba nokuthula ezweni, nenani labamemezeli lafika ku-3 935. Izithunywa zevangeli eziyisihlanu zazikhonza zihlala ekhaya lazo eBrazzaville. Lapho kufika eminye imibhangqwana emibili, kwavulwa ikhaya lezithunywa zevangeli elisha ePointe-Noire ngo-April 1997.

Enyakatho yomfula, eCongo (Brazzaville), kwakunokuthula nomsebenzi wokushumayela ngoMbuso uhamba kahle. Kanti ngapha kwamakhelwane, eCongo (Kinshasa), yayibambene phezulu. Lapho impi isondela eKinshasa, kwadingeka zibaleke izithunywa zevangeli zalapho. Ngakho kwathi kuphela u-May, izithunywa zevangeli zaseKinshasa zase zikhonza ngentshiseko kanye nozakwabo eBrazzaville nasePointe-Noire. Akekho owayeke wacabanga ukuthi ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa kwakuzokwenzeka izinto ezihlasimulisa umzimba.

Kuqubuka Impi Yombango

Ngo-June 5, 1997 kwaqubuka impi eBrazzaville kungalindele muntu. Kwakulwa amasosha ayesekela umongameli owayebusa nalawo ayesekela owangaphambili. Kwadedelwa ombayimbayi abaqothula idolobha namaphethelo. Kwafa izinkulungwane zabantu. Izidumbu zazilele uyaca. Abantu bamelwa amakhanda. Kwakungelula ukubona ukuthi obani abalwayo. Ukuthula okwakukade kuseBrazzaville kwase kuphelile. Zayeka ukusebenza izikebhe eziwelisa abantu zibayise eKinshasa. Abantu abaningi babalekela emahlathini, kanti abanye bashova izikebhe zabo zogodo baya eziqhingini ezincane ezakhiwa umfula. Abanye bazama ukuwela uMfula iCongo baya eKinshasa. Nakuba kwakulwiwa ngaseKinshasa, kwakungcono kunodlame olwaluseBrazzaville.

Le mpi yabadalela izinkinga abafowethu, njengoba kwaba njalo nangabanye abantu, kodwa yeka umehluko iqiniso elawenza ezingqondweni nasezinhliziyweni zezinceku zikaNkulunkulu! Zazithembele ngokuphelele emazwini eHubo 46:1, 2, elithi: “Kithi uNkulunkulu uyisiphephelo namandla, usizo olutholakala ngokushesha ngesikhathi sokucindezeleka. Yingakho singeke sesabe, noma umhlaba ushintsha nanoma izintaba zintengantenga ziya enhliziyweni yolwandle olukhulu.”

Abafowethu abaningi bakwazi ukufika eKinshasa, lapho iKomiti Yegatsha yahlela khona ukuba banikezwe ukudla, indawo yokuhlala nemithi. Imikhaya yaseKinshasa yakujabulela ukuwabonisa uthando nokuwangenisa emizini yayo amakholwa akanye nayo aseBrazzaville.

Ukuze kusizwe labo ababengakwazi ukubaleka, abafowethu abathile basala eBrazzaville. UJean Théodore Otheni nomkakhe, uJeanne, iphayona elivamile, babephakathi kwalabo. Ngo-August, imbumbulu kambayimbayi yashaya indlu yabo, yamlimaza kabi uJeanne. UJean wamphuthumisa eKinshasa, kodwa kwase kwephuze kakhulu. UJean uyakhumbula: “UJeanne wayeyithanda kakhulu inkonzo, kwaze kwaba sekugcineni. Wanginika incwajana yakhe yamakheli wathi: ‘Kumelwe uhambele bonke abantu engibafundelayo ngoba bayigugu kimi.’ Ngamgona, kwathi lapho ngimbheka ubuso, ngabona ukuthi useyabanda.” UJean, njengabanye abaningi, uye waqhubeka ekhonza uJehova ngentshiseko, ethembele ngokugcwele esithembisweni sovuko.

Ngenxa yokuthi izikebhe eziwelisa abantu phakathi kwala madolobha womabili zazingasasebenzi, labo ababenezikebhe ezincane zenjini basiza abantu ababefuna ukubaleka eBrazzaville. Abafowethu baseBrazzaville abanesibindi, njengoLouis-Noël Motoula, uJean-Marie Lubaki noSymphorien Bakeba, bazinikela ukuba bacinge abafowethu ababenyamalele nokusiza labo ababeseseBrazzaville. Lokhu kwakusho ukuqunga bangene eMfuleni omkhulu iCongo onomsinga onamandla behamba ngesikejana esincane beyocinga eziqhinganeni ezincane nasogwini. Kwakusho ukungena lapho yayibambene khona eBrazzaville, lapho kwakwenzeka khona izinto ezinyantisa igazi. Kwakusho ukufaka ukuphila kwabo engozini ngenxa yabafowabo.

USymphorien, owayesenesikhathi eside ewela umfula ngesikebhe, wayihamba eyihambile le ndlela ngesikhathi kulwiwa. Ngezinye izikhathi wayewela ayosiza ababesele eBrazzaville. Ngokwesibonelo, wake wawela namasaka ayishumi elayisi labafowethu baseBrazzaville ababehlala endaweni elondekile. Njengoba ungalindela, kwakuyinselele ukuwela umfula, kodwa kwakungenkulu nakakhulu ukuyisa ilayisi lapho kwakufanele liye khona ngaphandle kokuba abaphangi balithathe. Kubantu ayebagibelisile ngalelo langa kwakukhona nencwasimende yendoda eyambuza ukuthi uliyisaphi ilayisi. USymphorien wayichazela, wabamba ithuba lokuyixoxela ngethemba eliseBhayibhelini. Lapho isikebhe sifika ngaphesheya, le ndoda yathi iyisikhulu esiphezulu emaphoyiseni. Yabiza idlanzana lamasosha yathi awagade ilayisi kuze kube yilapho uSymphorien esethole imoto ezoliyisa kubafowethu.

USymphorien wayejwayele ukuwela umfula ayosiza abafowethu babaleke eBrazzaville. Kukhona isikhathi awela ngaso angasoze asilibala. Uyakhumbula: “Imisinga yoMfula iCongo inamandla kabi, kodwa abantu abaningi abanezikebhe bayakwazi ukuhamba kuyo ngazo zingaketulwa amanzi zibheke ezansi lapho kushona khona. Sasuka eBrazzaville kugibele abafowethu abangu-7 nabanye abantu abangu-5. Maphakathi nomfula isikebhe saphelelwa uphethiloli. Sakwazi ukusishayela safika esiqhingini esincane lapho sasibophela khona. Kwathí gidi lapho kuqhamuka isikebhe esincane, futhi umshayeli waso esithembisa ukuthi uzosithengela uphethiloli eKinshasa asilethele. Salinda ihora lonke nesigamu sikhathazekile waze wabuya nophethiloli.”

Ngokushesha igatsha laseKinshasa lase linakekela abafowethu nodade abayinkulungwane kanye nemikhaya yabo nabantu abathakazelayo. Ngo-October 1997 izimpi zaphela, nababaleki baqala ukuphindela eBrazzaville.

Zonke izithunywa zevangeli ezazikhonza eBrazzaville nasePointe-Noire zazikade zisusiwe khona ngenxa yempi. Ezinye zaziphindele emakubo eBrithani naseJalimane, kanti ezinye zaziye eBenin naseCôte d’Ivoire. Ngesikhathi sekuthe damu, ezinye zabuyela ezabelweni zazo eCongo (Brazzaville). Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakuhlelwe ukuba kufike imibhangqwana emithathu nomzalwane ongashadile bevela eFrance ngo-December 1998. U-Eddy noPamela May, izithunywa zevangeli ezingomakad’ ebona ezazikhonza ehhovisi legatsha laseKinshasa, bashintshelwa eBrazzaville, kwabe sekuvulwa ikhaya elisha lezithunywa zevangeli.

Kwaphinda Futhi Loko

Ngonyaka olandelayo, kwaqubuka enye futhi impi yombango eBrazzaville. Kwaphinde kwafa izinkulungwane zabantu, kuhlanganise noFakazi abaningi. Izithunywa zevangeli eziningi, ezazisanda kufika, zayiswa emakhaya ezithunywa zevangeli aseduzane eCameroon. Nakuba kwakunamahlebezi okuthi impi izofika nasePointe-Noire egudle ugu, izithunywa zevangeli ezintathu zaqhubeka zihleli khona. Kwathi ngo-May 1999, yaphela impi yombango.

Ngenxa yokuthi baningi kangaka oFakazi okwadingeka babaleke, inani lamabandla ezweni lancipha lasuka ku-108 laya ku-89. EBrazzaville manje kunabamemezeli abangu-1 903 emabandleni angu-23. EPointe-Noire kunabangu-1 949 emabandleni angu-24. Ngesikhathi salezi zimpi zombango, oFakazi BakaJehova kwezinye izindawo basiza abafowabo nodadewabo abangokomoya ngezinto ezibonakalayo. Njengenhlalayenza, lolo lusizo lwatholwa nangababengebona oFakazi BakaJehova.

Naphezu kwempi, indlala, ukugula, nezinye izinkinga eziningi, oFakazi eCongo (Brazzaville) babenza isilinganiso samahora angu-16,2 ngenyanga ensimini. Ngo-April 1999, njengoba impi yombango yesibili yayiphela, abamemezeli abangamaphesenti angu-21 babesemkhakheni othile wenkonzo yesikhathi esigcwele.

Bayajabula Eqinisweni

Izimpi zilicekele phansi leli zwe, yacishe yaphela nya indaba yalo. IBrazzaville yakhiwa kabusha, kodwa kusekuningi kakhulu okudingeka kwenziwe. Phakathi kwemisebenzi yokwakha ebaluleke kakhulu kwakhiwa namaHholo OMbuso, lapho abantu befunda khona iqiniso leBhayibheli. Ngo-February 2002, kwanikezelwa amaHholo OMbuso amane, amabili ePointe-Noire namabili eBrazzaville.

Kwesinye sezimiso zokunikezela eBrazzaville, umfowethu oseyikhehla wachaza isigigaba esenzeka eminyakeni engu-15 ngaphambili ngesikhathi umsebenzi uvinjelwe. Abafowethu babehlele ukuqhuba umhlangano wosuku olulodwa ngo-January 1 esigangeni. Babecabanga ukuthi ngeke bathikamezeke kwazise abantu babezobe begubha uNcibijane. Kodwa lapho kuphela isimiso sasekuseni, kwafika abakwasidlodlo bawuhlakaza lowo mhlangano. Lo mzalwane wathi: “Sahamba sihlengezela izinyembezi. Namhlanje silapha kuyo leyo ndawo, namehlo ethu asahlengezela izinyembezi. Kodwa manje yizinyembezi zenjabulo ngoba silapha nje sizonikezela iHholo LoMbuso elisha.” Yebo, leli hholo elisha elihle lalakhiwe kuyo leyo ndawo!

Manje sekuphele iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50 incwadi ethi “IQiniso Liyakunikhulula” yasiza u-Etienne Nkounkou, u-Augustin Bayonne noTimothée Miemounoua ukuba bafunde iqiniso. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, abantu abaningi eCongo (Brazzaville) baye balandela isibonelo sabo sokholo, futhi abaningi ngisho nakakhulu basaqhubeka benza kanjalo, okwenza aqhakaze amathemba ekusasa. Kuqhutshwa izifundo zeBhayibheli ezingaphezu kuka-15 000—okuyinani eliliphinda kathathu nesigamu inani labamemezeli! Ababekhona eSikhumbuzweni ngo-2003 bafinyelela ku-21 987. Ekupheleni konyaka wenkonzo ka-2003, abamemezeli abangu-4 536 kuhlanganise nezithunywa zevangeli ezingu-15, bebesebenza ngentshiseko besiza abanye abengeziwe ukuba bafunde iqiniso elizobakhulula.—Joh. 8:31, 32.

[Amazwi acashunwe esihlokweni ekhasini 143]

Izigubhu zazisuke zihlabe umkhosi zathi: “Nangu uNdleleni eza nomlungu”

[Amazwi acashunwe esihlokweni ekhasini 144]

Njengoba abaza-lwane babengenawo amawashi, isikhathi sokuya esifundweni babesazi ngoku-bheka ukuphakama kwelanga

[Amazwi acashunwe esihlokweni ekhasini 151]

“Sahamba sayolala sashiya abafowethu phandle botha umlilo behlabelela kamnandi izingoma zoMbuso. Yeka indlela emnandi yokusilolozela!”

[Ibhokisi ekhasini 140]

Ake Sithi Qaphu Qaphu NgeCongo (Brazzaville)

Izwe: IRepublic of Congo izungezwe iGabon, iCameroon, iCentral African Republic, neDemocratic Republic of Congo. Inkulu kuneFinland noma i-Italy. Uma usuka ogwini indawo iyithafa ibanga elingaba amakhilomitha angu-60 bese iphakama ngamamitha angaphezu kuka-800. Kugcwele odukathole bamahlathi nemifula emikhulu kulo lonke leli.

Abantu: Abantu ababalelwa ezigidini ezintathu bahlanganisa izizwe eziningi. AbaThwa batholakala emahlathini angodukathole.

Ulimi: Nakuba ulimi olusemthethweni kuyisiFulentshi, ezindaweni ezisenyakatho kukhulunywa isiLingala kakhulu. IsiMonokutuba sikhulunywa eningizimu.

Indlela Yokuziphilisa: Baziphilisa ngokulima nangokudoba emanzini agelezayo nanosawoti. Amahlathi agcwele izilwane zasendle, okwenza amaphisi athi sibonwa yini.

Ukudla: Bathanda umdumbula noma ilayisi. Balisheba nenhlanzi noma nenkukhu eyoliswe nge-sauce ebabayo. Izithelo eziningi ezikhona umango, uphayinaphu, upopo, amawolintshi nokwatapeya.

Isimo Sezulu: ECongo kuhlale kushisa futhi kunomswakama unyaka wonke. Kunezinkathi ezimbili eziphawulekayo: inkathi yemvula, eqala ngo-March kuya ku-June, nenkathi elisuke lomise ngayo, eqala ngo-June kuya ku-October.

[Ishadi/Igrafu ekhasini 148, 149]

ISHADI LEZENZAKALO EZIPHAWULEKAYO ECONGO (BRAZZAVILLE)

1940

1947: Incwadi ethi “Iqiniso Liyakunikhulula” iqala ukuvusa isithakazelo.

1950: Isithunywa sevangeli u-Eric Cooke sivakashela eBrazzaville. Iziphathimandla zibeka imingcele ezincwadini ezinyatheliswa oFakazi BakaJehova.

1956: Ngo-March, kufika izithunywa zevangeli zokuqala ezivela eFrance.

1957: Kuvulwa ihhovisi legatsha ngo-January.

1960

1961: Inhlangano engokomthetho iyabhaliswa ngo-December 9, yize izincwadi ziqhubeka zibekelwe imingcele kuze kuphele unyaka kusuka ngalesi sikhathi.

1977: OFakazi BakaJehova bayavinjelwa. Igatsha liyathathwa futhi izithunywa zevangeli ziyaxoshwa.

1980

1981: U-André Kitula uyasiza avuselele umsebenzi wokushumayela eBrazzaville.

1991: Ungqongqoshe wezangaphakathi uyakuqeda ukuvinjelwa. Kamuva, kuhlelwa imihlangano yesigodi yokuqala ngemva kweminyaka engu-15.

1993: Iziyaluyalu emphakathini nakwezombusa-zwe zenza ukuba abantu bagadwe amasosha.

1997: Ngo-June 5 kusuka impi yombango. Izithunywa zevangeli ziyakhishwa. Ihhovisi legatsha laseKinshasa lihlela ukuba ababaleki abayinkulungwane bathole ukudla, indawo yokuhlala nemithi.

1999: Kusuka enye futhi impi yombango. Izithunywa zevangeli ziyakhishwa futhi.

2000

2002: Ngo-February kunikezelwa amaHholo OMbuso okuqala amane asanda kwakhiwa.

2003: Bangu-4 536 abamemezeli ababikayo eCongo (Brazzaville).

[Igrafu]

(Bheka encwadini)

Ingqikithi Yabamemezeli

Ingqikithi Yamaphayona

5 000

2 500

1940 1960 1980 2000

[Amabalazwe ekhasini 141]

(Ukuze ubone ukuthi indaba ihlelwe kanjani, bheka encwadini)

CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC

CAMEROON

EQUATORIAL GUINEA

GABON

REPUBLIC OF CONGO

Impfondo

Djambala

BRAZZAVILLE

Pointe-Noire

Congo River

DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO

KINSHASA

ANGOLA

[Isithombe esigcwele ikhasi ekhasini 134]

[Izithombe ekhasini 138]

Amalungu eqembu lokuqala elalitadisha iBhayibheli ngo-1949, kusukela kwesobunxele kuya kwesokudla: UJean-Seth Mountsamboté, uTimothée no-Odile Miemounoua noNoé Mikouiza

[Isithombe ekhasini 139]

U-Etienne Nkounkou

[Isithombe ekhasini 142]

UJean Seignobos wayehamba emaqaqasini aseCongo, ewela imifula ngezikebhe eyohambela amabandla

[Isithombe ekhasini 147]

UFred noLeah Lukuc (phakathi nendawo) bakanye nebandla elalihlangana emzini ka-Augustin Bayonne

[Isithombe ekhasini 150]

Ubhapathizo e-Atlantic Ocean ePointe-Noire

[Isithombe ekhasini 152]

U-Augustin Bayonne—uNdleleni—waya ekilasini laseGileyadi lika-37 ngo-1962

[Isithombe ekhasini 153]

Lesi sakhiwo saba yihhovisi legatsha kusukela ngo-1967 kwaze kwaba ngu-1977

[Isithombe ekhasini 155]

UNoé Mikouiza

[Izithombe ekhasini 158]

ULouis-Noël Motoula, uJean-Marie Lubaki noSymphorien Bakeba