Umbiko Ovusa Amadlingozi Ovela ESoviet Union
Umvuthwandaba Ojabulisayo Weminyaka Eyikhulu Yokufakaza
“UKUBHALISA Incwadi Yemvume Yesikhungo Sokuphatha sezinhlangano zenkolo ‘zoFakazi BakaJehova eU.S.S.R.’”
Lokhu ukuhunyushwa kwamazwi okuqala encwadi ebhalwe ngolimi lwaseRussia ephinde yakhishwa kulelikhasi. Eqinisweni, lamazwi ayimpendulo yemithandazo eminingi. Lencwadi yasayinwa futhi yagxivizwa eMoscow yisikhulu esiphakeme soMnyango KaNgqongqoshe Wezobulungisa waseR.S.F.S.R. (Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic). Kusho ukuthi oFakazi BakaJehova bayinhlangano yenkolo eqashelwa ngokomthetho eU.S.S.R. Ngakho, kuye kwafinyelelwa inkathi yenguquko emlandweni wabo weminyaka eyikhulu kulelozwe elikhulu.
Isiqalo Esincane Kakhulu
Iminyaka eyikhulu yomlando? Yebo. Ezikhathini zanamuhla, umshumayeli wezindaba ezinhle wakudala owayaziwa kulelozwe kwakunguCharles Taze Russell, owabika ukuthi wayehambele lapho ngo-1891. Kumagazini iZion’s Watch Tower and Herald of Christ’s Presence kaSeptember 1891, ulandisa ukuthi wahambela eKishinev, eRussia, phakathi nohambo lwaseYurophu. Lapho wahlangana nomuntu othile onguJoseph Rabinowitch, owayekholelwa kuKristu futhi ezama ukushumayela emikhayeni yamaJuda eyayikuleyondawo. URussell ubika kabanzi ngohambo lwakhe enoRabinowitch nangezingxoxo ezijulile nezithakazelisayo ababa nazo ngoMbuso.
Izindaba Ezinhle Ziyaphinda Ziyazwiwa
Ngemva kokuhambela kukaRussell, kuncane okuzwakalayo ngokufakaza endaweni manje ebizwa ngokuthi iU.S.S.R., kodwa lokho akusho ukuthi akukho lutho olwafezwa. Ngo-1927 amabandla amathathu eSoviet Union athumela imibiko yemihlangano yawo yeSikhumbuzo eNhlanganweni. Kodwa intuthuko akubonakali ukuthi yashesha kwaze kwaba yimpi yezwe yesibili. Leyompi yaphumela ekuthuthelweni kwezinye izindawo okuphawulekayo kwabantu abaningi eYurophu. Omunye umphumela walokhu kuhamba owawungenakubonwa kusengaphambili waba ukungena kwabashumayeli boMbuso abaningi eSoviet Union.
Ngokwesibonelo, umagazini iWatchtower kaFebruary 1, 1946 uyabika: “Abamemezeli abangaphezu kwabayinkulungwane ngaphambili ababeshumayela ngolimi lwaseUkraine engxenyeni esempumalanga yePoland manje baye bathuthelwa enkabeni yeRussia. . . . Futhi-ke, amakhulu abazalwane ababehlala eBessarabia, eyayiyingxenye yeRumania, manje ayizakhamuzi zaseRussia futhi ayaqhubeka nomsebenzi wawo wokwenza izizwe zonke zibe ngabafundi.”
Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi nempi yezwe yesibili, izakhamuzi eziningi zaseSoviet zahlupheka emakamu okuhlushwa amaNazi. Kwabanye lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho okunzima kwaholela ezibusisweni ezingalindelekile. Omunye umbiko ulandisa ngabesifazane abaningi abasebasha baseRussia ababoshwa eRavensbrück. Lapho bahlangana noFakazi BakaJehova, balamukela iqiniso, futhi bathuthukela ezingeni lokubhapathizwa. Kwenzeka izinto ezifanayo nakwamanye amakamu. Lapho laboFakazi abasanda kubhapathizwa sebekhululiwe ngemva kwempi, bahamba nezindaba ezinhle zoMbuso lapho bephindela eSoviet Union. Ngalendlela impi yezwe yesibili yaphumela ekwandeni okusheshayo kwenani labashumayeli boMbuso ensimini yaseSoviet. Ngo-1946 kwakulinganiselwa ukuthi babengu-1 600 abamemezeli ababekhuthele lapho.
Ukushumayela Ejele
Amajele aqhubeka eba nendima eyinhloko ekusakazeni izindaba ezinhle eSoviet Union. Ngemva kwempi, iziphathimandla ngephutha zabheka oFakazi njengosongo, futhi abaningi baboshwa. Kodwa lokhu akuzange kukuvimbe ukushumayela kwabo. Kwakungakuvimba kanjani, lapho bekholelwa ngempela ukuthi isigijimi esiphathelene noMbuso kaNkulunkulu siyizindaba ezingcono kunazo zonke zesintu? Ngakho kwabaningi babo, ijele laba insimu yabo, futhi iziboshwa eziningi ezabalalela zalamukela iqiniso. Umbiko ka-1957 uthi: “Kubo bonke abaziwayo ukuthi baseqinisweni namuhla eRussia kufinyelelwa esiphethweni sokuthi amaphesenti angamashumi amane aye athola iqiniso ejele nasemakamu okuhlushwa.”
Ingabe lolusongo oluqhubekayo lokuboshwa lwabadumaza oFakazi? Lutho neze! Umbiko ka-1964 uthi: “KunoFakazi BakaJehova kulawomakamu asebengene okwesibili noma okwesithathu, njengoba bengazange bayeke ukushumayela isigijimi ngemva kokuba bekhululiwe.” Uqhubeka uthi, abanye babeyizigebengu ezazigqunywe ejele noma ekamu kwase kwenzeka bahlangana noFakazi ngenkathi belapho. Balamukela iqiniso futhi bathuthukela ezingeni lokubhapathizwa ngaphambi kokuba bakhululwe.
Ukuncipha Kokucindezelwa
Phakathi nawo-1960, iziphathimandla zamukela isimo sengqondo sokungabi nokhahlo kangako koFakazi. Ngokunokwenzeka, zaqaphela ukuthi abantu bakaJehova babengelona neze usongo emthethweni womphakathi nokuhleleka. Ngakho nakuba imisebenzi yalamaKristu athobekile yayingakavunyelwa ngokomthetho, ayengasaboshwa kakhulu futhi nezindlu zawo zazingasaseshwa kakhulu, futhi ayebonga ngalokhu kuncipha kokucindezela. Isifiso sawo esiyinhloko sasiwukuba, uma engakwazi, aqhubeke nokuphila kwawo kobuKristu futhi asebenze ngendlela ethulile, ezothile nenokuthula.—Roma 12:17-19; 1 Thimothewu 2:1, 2.
Ngo-1966 bonke ababethunjelwe eSiberia isikhathi eside bakhululwa futhi bavunyelwa ukuba baye kunoma iyiphi indawo ababefisa ukuya kuyo kulelozwe. Abaningi baphindela emakhaya ngemva kweminyaka eminingi bengekho, kodwa abanye bakhetha ukuhlala kuleyonsimu ethelayo. Futhi akubona bonke ababuya abakhetha ukuhlala emakhaya. Omunye udade, owathuthelwa eSiberia nomkhaya wakubo lapho eseyintombazanyana, wayephindele entshonalanga Russia nabazali bakhe. Kodwa wahlala isikhathi esifushane kuphela. Abantu baseSiberia abathobekile nabanomoya wokungenisa izihambi wayebathanda kakhulu kangangokuthi wawushiya umkhaya wakubo waphinda wathuthela empumalanga ukuze aqhubeke eshumayela kulabo bantu abalalelayo.
Okuhlangenwe nakho okufanayo phakathi nalesikhathi kwakuhilela umzalwane owayesuka kwelinye idolobha aye kwelinye. Ngemva kwesikhathi wathola abanye oFakazi ababili. Bebobathathu bathandazela usizo futhi ngokushesha bathola owesifazane osemusha owayenesizinda seNkolo YamaGreki YobuOrthodox. Ngokushesha walamukela iqiniso futhi waholela labazalwane kwabanye abantu ababili abanesithakazelo—unina nodadewabo omncane. Lombiko uyaphetha: “Namuhla bangamashumi amane abantu abahlanganyela nalabazalwane, abangamashumi amathathu babo bafunde iqiniso phakathi nezinyanga eziyisithupha ezidlule.”
Nokho, oFakazi BakaJehova baphazanyiswa emisebenzini yabo ngenxa yokungaqashelwa ngokomthetho. Imihlangano yayiqhutshwa ngokuqapha. Ukushumayela kwakwenziwa ngokunakekela. Ukuboshwa kwakuseyinto engenzeka, futhi ukufakaza kwasobala endlini ngendlu kwakungenakwenzeka. Nokho, naphezu kwalokhu lamaKristu athembekile aseSoviet aqhubeka ekhonza uNkulunkulu wawo ngokwethembeka futhi eba izakhamuzi ezilungile zezwe ayehlala kulo. (Luka 20:25) Ezwakalisa isimo sawo sengqondo, omunye wawo wabhala: “Kuyilungelo elikhulu ukukhuthazelela konke ukuvivinywa futhi uhlale uthembekile kuJehova uNkulunkulu, ukudumisa uNkulunkulu phakade ekuphileni komuntu ukuze uzuze ukuphila okuphakade okuvela kuJehova ngoJesu Kristu.” Yeka izibonelo ezinhle zokukhuthazela nokwethembeka laboFakazi baseSoviet abaye baba yizo!
Ukuqashelwa Ngokomthetho Ekugcineni!
Ngo-1988 izinto zaqala ukushintsha emazweni ahlobene neSoviet Union. Kwaqala kwaba nesimo senkululeko enkudlwana, futhi amazwe ayevimbele imisebenzi yoFakazi BakaJehova aqala ukwamukela izimiso ezintsha. IPoland, iHungary, iRomania, namanye amazwe anikeza lamaKristu aqotho ukuqashelwa okungokomthetho, ebavumela ukuba basebenze obala ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuthi bazophindwa okwake kwabehlela. Yeka ukuthi leminyaka emithathu edlule iye yaba ngejabulisa kanjani eMpumalanga Yurophu! Yeka ukuthi abazalwane lapho baye bayisebenzisa ngokugcwele kanjani inkululeko yabo abasanda kuyithola ukuze basakaze isigijimi soMbuso esinokuthula! Futhi yeka indlela oFakazi BakaJehova abasemhlabeni wonke abaye bajabula ngayo nabo!
OFakazi baseSoviet kakade sebeye bazuza ekukhululekeni kwabo okwandayo. Izinkulungwane—abanye abavela kude njengasogwini lwePacific lwaseAsia—zaba khona emihlanganweni eyingqopha-mlando ePoland ngo-1989 nango-1990, lapho eWarsaw kunoFakazi abangu-17 454 abavela eSoviet Union. Yeka izinkumbulo abaya nazo emakhaya! Iningi lalingakaze likhulekele likanye namaKristu elikanye nawo ngisho nayidlanzana. Manje liye laba sezixukwini zamashumi ezinkulungwane!
Baphindela eSoviet Union eyayisiqala ukwamukela inkolo ngokwengeziwe. OFakazi emhlabeni wonke babebuka futhi bezibuza: OFakazi BakaJehova bayoqashelwa nini ngokomthetho eSoviet Union? Nokho, kwenzeka ngo-1991—iminyaka eyikhulu ncamashí ngemva kokuhambela kukaCharles Taze Russell lapho! NgoMarch 27, 1991, “Isikhungo Sokuphatha Sezinhlangano Zenkolo ZoFakazi BakaJehova eU.S.S.R.” sabhaliswa encwadini eyasayinwa eMoscow nguNgqongqoshe Wezobulungisa waseR.S.F.S.R. Hlobo luni lwenkululeko eyanikezwa oFakazi?
Incwadi yemvume engokomthetho yenhlangano esanda kubhaliswa ihlanganisa isimemezelo esilandelayo: “Injongo yeNhlangano Yenkolo iwukuqhubekisela phambili umsebenzi wokwenza igama likaJehova uNkulunkulu laziwe namalungiselelo akhe othando ngesintu ngoMbuso wakhe wasezulwini ngoJesu Kristu.”
Kuzokwenziwa kanjani lokhu? Izindlela ezibaliwe zihlanganisa ukushumayela obala nokuhambela amakhaya abantu; ukufundisa amaqiniso eBhayibheli kubantu abazimisele ukulalela; ukubaqhubela izifundo zeBhayibheli ngesihle ngosizo lwezincwadi zokufunda iBhayibheli; kanye nokuhlelela ukuhunyushwa kwamaBhayibheli, ukwamukelwa kwawo evela kwamanye amazwe, ukunyatheliswa, kanye nokusakazwa kwawo.
Lencwadi futhi ibonisa ukuhlelwa kwenhlangano yoFakazi ngaphansi kweNdikimba Ebusayo, kuhlanganise namabandla anezindikimba zabadala, iKomiti Eyengamele [yeGatsha] yamalungu ayisikhombisa yakulelozwe, kanye nababonisi besifunda nabesigodi.
Ngokusobala, oFakazi BakaJehova manje bangenza imisebenzi ngenkululeko nasobala eSoviet Union njengoba benza kwamanye amazwe amaningi. Cabanga ngenjabulo yamalungu amahlanu kwayisikhombisa eKomiti Eyengamele nabadala bebandla abahlanu asebenesikhathi eside bemisiwe ababa nelungelo lokusayina lencwadi engokomlando nokuyibona igxivizwa uMphathi Womnyango Wokubhaliswa Kwezinhlangano Zomphakathi Nezenkolo! Ngokufanelekile, uMilton Henschel noTheodore Jaracz beNdikimba Ebusayo YoFakazi BakaJehova nabo babekhona ukuze babone lesisenzakalo esibalulekile. Kulawo maqembu emukelwa ngokomthetho yiR.S.F.S.R., oFakazi BakaJehova babengabokuqala ukuthola incwadi yabo yokubhaliswa egunyaziwe. Yeka umvuzo owatholwa yilabo bazalwane abathembekile baseRussia ngemva kweminyaka eminingi kangaka yokukhuthazela ngokubekezela!
OFakazi BakaJehova yonke indawo bayabonga ezikhulwini zaseSoviet eziye zagunyaza lokhu kuqashelwa ngokomthetho. Ikakhulukazi babonga uJehova ngezinhliziyo zabo zonke ngenkululeko esanda kutholwa abafowabo eSoviet. Bajabula noFakazi abakanye nabo eU.S.S.R. nakwamanye amazwe aseMpumalanga Yurophu manje abangakhonza uJehova uNkulunkulu obala ngokwengeziwe kangako. Kwangathi uJehova angababusisa ngokucebile njengoba beyisebenzisa ngokugcwele lenkululeko ekudumiseni igama lakhe elingcwele.
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IKremlin eMoscow
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AbaseRussia ababeze emhlanganweni wango-1990 bengaphandle kweSoviet Union