INew World Translation—Iwubuciko Futhi Ithembekile

“IGCWELE amanga!” Emuva ekhulwini le-16 leminyaka, yilokho okwashiwo abaphikisi ngenguqulo kaMartin Luther yeBhayibheli. Babekholelwa ukuthi babengabonisa ukuthi iBhayibheli likaLuther laliqukethe “amaphutha angu-1 400 okwambuka namanga.” Namuhla, iBhayibheli likaLuther libhekwa njengenguqulo eyingqopha-mlando. Incwadi ethi Translating the Bible ize ilibize ngisho nangokuthi “umsebenzi wobungcweti”!

Kulelikhulu lama-20 leminyaka, iNew World Translation nayo iye yamangalelwa ngokuthi inamanga. Kungani? Ngenxa yokuthi iyehluka ekuhunyushweni okuyisiko kwamavesi amaningi futhi igcizelela ukusetshenziswa kwegama likaNkulunkulu, elithi Jehova. Ngaleyondlela, ayihambisani nenqubo evamile. Kodwa ingabe lokhu kuyenza ibe namanga? Cha. Yenziwa ngokucophelela okukhulu nokunakekela imininingwane, futhi lokho okungase kubonakale kungajwayelekile kubonisa umzamo oqotho wokuyiveza ngokucophelela imininingwane emincane yezilimi zokuqala. Isazi sezenkolo uC. Houtman sichaza isizathu sokuba iNew World Translation ingalandeli isiko lenkolo elithile: “Ukuhunyushwa okuhlukahlukene okungokwesiko kwamagama abalulekile avela emibhalweni yokuqala kuyekiwe, ngokusobala ukuze kufikwe ekuqondweni okungcono kakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka.” Ake sicabangele ezinye zezibonelo zalokhu.

Ihlukile—Kodwa Ayinalo Iphutha

Ngokwesibonelo, amagama ahlobene ngokuseduze ezilimini zeBhayibheli zokuqala, lapho kungenzeka khona, ahunyushwa ngamagama esiNgisi ahlukene, ngaleyondlela enza umfundi weBhayibheli aqaphele izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezincazelo okungenzeka ukuthi aziqukethe. Kanjalo, elithi syn·teʹlei·a lihunyushwe ngokuthi “isiphelo” futhi elithi teʹlos ngokuthi “ukuphela,” nakuba womabili lamagama ehunyushwe ngokuthi “ukuphela” kwezinye izinguqulo eziningi. (Mathewu 24:3, 13, NW) Igama elithi koʹsmos lihunyushwe ngokuthi “izwe,” elithi ai·onʹ ngokuthi “isimiso sezinto,” futhi elithi oi·kou·meʹne ngokuthi “umhlaba owakhiwe.” Nalapha, izinguqulo eziningi zeBhayibheli zimane zisebenzise elithi “izwe” ukuze limelele amabili noma wonke lamagama amathathu esiGreki, nakuba, eqinisweni kunomehluko phakathi kwawo.—Mathewu 13:38, 39; 24:14.

Ngokufanayo, iNew World Translation iwuphawula ngokucophelela umehluko ophakathi kwelithi gnoʹsis (“ulwazi”) nelithi e·piʹgno·sis (elihunyushwe ngokuthi “ulwazi oluqondile”)—umehluko abaningi abangawunaki. (Filipi 1:9; 3:8) Iphinde futhi yahlukanise phakathi kwelithi taʹphos (“ingcwaba,” indawo eyodwa yokungcwaba), elithi mneʹma (“ithuna”), elithi mne·meiʹon (“ithuna lokukhunjulwa”), nelithi haiʹdes (“ihayidese,” ngokweBhayibheli, elibhekisela ethuneni elivamile lesintu esifile). (Mathewu 27:60, 61; Johane 5:28; IzEnzo 2:29, 31) Izinguqulo zeBhayibheli eziningana ziyahlukanisa phakathi kwelithi taʹphos nelithi mne·meiʹon kuMathewu 23:29 kodwa hhayi ngokufanayo kwezinye izindawo.—Bheka uMathewu 27:60, 61, New International Version.

Izinkathi zezenzo zihunyushwe ngokucophelela nangokunembile. Ngokwesibonelo, kuyiRevised Standard Version naseBhayibhelini LesiZulu, eyoku-1 Johane 2:1 ifundeka kanje: “Uma umuntu ona, sinoMmeli kuYise, uJesu Kristu olungileyo.” Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, zona lezinguqulo zihumusha eyoku-1 Johane 3:6 ngokuthi: “Lowo ohlala [kuJesu] akoni.” Uma engekho umlandeli kaJesu owonayo, eyoku-1 Johane 2:1 isebenza kanjani?

INew World Translation iyakuxazulula lokhu okubonakala kuwukuphikisana. Kweyoku-1 Johane 2:1, ithi: “Nginilobela lezinto ukuze ningenzi isono. Futhi-ke, uma noma ubani enza isono, sinomsizi kuBaba, uJesu Kristu, olungileyo.” Kulelivesi uJohane wasebenzisa inkathi engachaziyo (aorist tense), ebonisa ukwenza isono esingewona umkhuba, uhlobo lwento sonke esiyenzayo ngezikhathi ezithile ngenxa yokuthi asiphelele. Nokho, eyoku-1 Johane 3:6 ifundeka kanje: “Noma ubani ohlala ebunyeni naye akasenzi umkhuba isono; akukho-muntu osenza umkhuba isono ombonile noma wamazi.” UJohane lapha wasebenzisa inkathi yamanje, ebonisa inkambo yesono eqhubekayo, ewumkhuba engenza ukusho kwanoma ubani ukuthi ungumKristu kube yize.

Ezinye Izazi Ziyavuma

Amagama athile angavamile okuthiwa aqanjwa oFakazi BakaJehova asekelwa ezinye izinguqulo zeBhayibheli noma izikhombo. KuLuka 23:43, iNew World Translation inamazwi kaJesu esigebengwini ayejeziswe naso: “Ngiqinisile ngithi kuwe namuhla, Uyoba nami ePharadesi.” EsiGrekini sokuqala, zazingekho izimpawu zenkulumo ezinjengamakhefana; kodwa ngokuvamile uhlobo oluthile lophawu lwenkulumo luyafakwa abahumushi ukuze lusize ekufundeni. Nokho, abaningi benza uLuka 23:43 afundeke sengathi uJesu nesigebengu babezoya ePharadesi ngalo lolosuku. INew English Bible neBhayibheli LesiZulu kufundeka kanje: “Ngithi kuwe: Namuhla uzakuba-nami eParadisi.” Nokho, akusibo bonke abadlulisela lomqondo. UProfesa Wilhelm Michaelis uhumusha lelivesi ngokuthi: “Ngiqinisile, kwanamhlanje ngikunikeza lesiqinisekiso: (ngolunye usuku) uyoba nami epharadesi.” Lokuhumusha kunengqondo ngokwengeziwe kunalokho kweNew English Bible. Isigebengu esasifa sasingeke sikwazi ukuya noJesu ePharadesi ngalo lolosuku. UJesu akazange avuswe kwaze kwaba usuku lwesithathu ngemva kokufa kwakhe. Phakathi nalesosikhathi wayeseHayidese, ithuna elivamile lesintu.—IzEnzo 2:27, 31; 10:39, 40.

NgokukaMathewu 26:26 kuyiNew World Translation, uJesu, lapho emisa umkhosi weSidlo SeNkosi Sakusihlwa, uthi ngesinkwa asidlulisela kubafundi bakhe: “Lokhu kusho umzimba wami.” Ezinye izinguqulo eziningi lelivesi zilihumusha ngokuthi; “Lokhu kungumzimba wami,” futhi lokhu kusetshenziswa ukusekela imfundiso yokuthi phakathi nomkhosi weSidlo SeNkosi Sakusihlwa, isinkwa siphenduka ngokoqobo sibe inyama kaKristu. Igama elihunyushwe kuyiNew World Translation ngokuthi “kusho” (es·tinʹ, uhlobo lwelithi ei·miʹ) livela egameni lesiGreki elisho “ukuba,” kodwa futhi lisengasho elithi “ukusho.” Ngaleyondlela, iGreek-English Lexicon of the New Testament kaThayer ithi lesisenzo “ngokuvamile [siyafana] nokuchaza, ukubonisa, ukuqondisa.” Ngempela, elithi “ukusho” liwukuhunyushwa okunengqondo lapha. Ngenkathi uJesu emisa iSidlo Sakusihlwa Sokugcina, inyama yakhe yayisesemathanjeni akhe, ngakho isinkwa sasingaba kanjani inyama yakhe engokoqobo?a

KuJohane 1:1 iNew World Translation ifundeka kanje: “ULizwi wayengunkulunkulu.” Ezinguqulweni eziningi lamazwi amane afundeke kanje: “ULizwi wayenguNkulunkulu” futhi asetshenziselwa ukusekela imfundiso kaZiqu-zintathu. Akumangalisi ukuthi Abasekeli Bemfundiso kaZiqu-zintathu abakuthandi ukuhumusha kweNew World Translation. Kodwa uJohane 1:1 akenziwanga amanga ukuze kuboniswe ukuthi uJesu akayena uNkulunkulu uMninimandla onke. OFakazi BakaJehova, phakathi kwabanye abaningi, babekubekele inselele ukubhalwa ngofeleba kwelithi “unkulunkulu” esikhathini eside ngaphambi kokuvela kweNew World Translation, ezama ngokunembile ukuhumusha ulimi lokuqala. Abahumushi abahlanu abangamaJalimane ngokufanayo basebenzisa igama elithi “unkulunkulu” kulelovesi.b Okungenani abanye abangu-13 baye basebenzisa amazwi anjengathi “wohlobo lwaphezulu” noma “wohlobo olunjengonkulunkulu.” Lokuhumusha kuyavumelana nezinye izingxenye zeBhayibheli ukuze kubonise ukuthi, yebo, uJesu ezulwini ungunkulunkulu ngomqondo wokuba ngowaphezulu. Kodwa uJehova noJesu abayena umuntu ofanayo, uNkulunkulu ofanayo.—Johane 14:28; 20:17.

Igama LikaNkulunkulu Siqu

KuLuka 4:18, ngokweNew World Translation, uJesu wasisebenzisa kuye ngokwakhe isiprofetho esikuIsaya, ethi: “Umoya kaJehova uphezu kwami.” (Isaya 61:1) Abaningi bayamelana nokusetshenziswa kwegama elithi Jehova lapha. Nokho, kumane kungenye yezindawo ezingaphezu kuka-200 lapho lelogama livela khona kuyiNew World Translation yemiBhalo YamaKristu YesiGreki, lokho okuthiwa yiTestamente Elisha. Yiqiniso, awukho umbhalo wesandla wesiGreki osekhona we“Testamente Elisha” oqukethe igama likaNkulunkulu siqu. Kodwa leligama lafakwa kuyiNew World Translation ngezizathu ezinengqondo, hhayi ngomcabango ozifikelayo nje. Futhi nabanye baye balandela inkambo efanayo. Olimini lwesiJalimane kuphela, okungenani izinguqulo ezingu-11 zisebenzisa igama elithi “Jehovah” (noma ukuhumusha ngokwezwi nezwi kwesiHeberu, okuthi “Yahweh”) embhalweni we“Testamente Elisha,” kuyilapho abahumushi abane befaka leligama kubakaki ngemva kwelithi “Nkosi.”c Izinguqulo ezingaphezu kuka-70 zesiJalimane zilisebenzisa emibhalweni yaphansi noma emazwini okukhulumela.

KwaIsrayeli, igama likaNkulunkulu laliphinyiselwa ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka iminyaka engaphezu kwenkulungwane. Yilona igama elivela izikhathi eziningi kakhulu emiBhalweni yesiHeberu (“ITestamente Elidala”), futhi abukho ubufakazi obuqinisekisayo bokuthi lalingaziwa emphakathini ovamile noma bokuthi ukuphinyiselwa kwalo kwase kulitshelwe ekhulwini lokuqala leminyaka leSikhathi sethu Esivamile, ngenkathi amaKristu angamaJuda ephefumlelwa ukuba abhale izincwadi ze“Testamente Elisha.”—Ruthe 2:4.

UWolfgang Feneberg uyaphawula kumagazini wamaJesuit iEntschluss/Offen (April 1985): “Yena [uJesu] akazange asigodlele igama likayise elithi YHWH, kodwa wasiphathisa lona. Ngaphandle kwalokho bekungenakuchazeka ukuthi kungani isicelo sokuqala soMthandazo weNkosi kufanele sifundeke kanje: ‘Malingcweliswe igama lakho!’” UFeneberg uyaqhubeka ephawula ukuthi “emibhalweni yesandla yenkathi yangaphambi kobuKristu yamaJuda ayekhuluma isiGreki, igama likaNkulunkulu alizange lithathelwe indawo ngelithi kýrios [Nkosi], kodwa lalibhalwe ngohlobo lwetetragram [YHWH] ngesiHeberu noma ngezinhlamvu zesiHeberu sakudala. . . . Sithola izikhumbuzo zaleligama emibhalweni yoBaba BeSonto; kodwa abanaso isithakazelo kulo. Ngokuhumusha leligama ngokuthi kýrios (Nkosi), oBaba BeSonto babenesithakazelo ngokwengeziwe ekunikezeni udumo lukakýrios kuJesu Kristu.” INew World Translation ibuyisela leligama emongweni weBhayibheli noma kuphi lapho kunesizathu esinengqondo, esiwubuciko sokwenza kanjalo.—Bheka iAppendix 1D kuyiReference Bible.

Abanye bagxeka isimo esithi “Jehova” iNew World Translation ehumusha ngaso igama likaNkulunkulu. Emibhalweni yesandla yesiHeberu, leligama livela njengongwaqa abane kuphela, YHWH, futhi abaningi bayagcizelela ukuthi ukuphunyiselwa okuyikhona-khona okuthi “Yahweh,” hhayi okuthi “Jehova.” Ngakho, banomuzwa wokuthi ukusebenzisa elithi “Jehova” kuyiphutha. Kodwa, eqinisweni, izazi azivumelani nhlobo ngokuthi isimo selithi “Yahweh” simelela ukuphunyiselwa kokuqala. Iqiniso liwukuthi nakuba uNkulunkulu akulondoloza ukubhalwa kwegama lakhe ngokuthi “YHWH” izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-6 000 eBhayibhelini, akazange akulondoloze ukuphunyiselwa kwalo uMose akuzwa eNtabeni yaseSinayi. (Eksodusi 20:2) Ngakho-ke, kulesikhathi ukuphunyiselwa akukhona okubaluleke kakhulu.

EYurophu isimo selithi “Jehova” siye saqashelwa kabanzi amakhulukhulu eminyaka futhi siyasetshenziswa emaBhayibhelini amaningi, kuhlanganise nezinguqulo zesiJuda. Livela izikhathi ezingenakubalwa ezakhiweni, ezinhlamvwini zemali nakwezinye izinto, nasemisebenzini ebhaliwe, kuhlanganise nasezingomeni eziningi zesonto. Ngakho kunokuzama ukumelela ukuphunyiselwa kokuqala kweBhayibheli kwesiHeberu, iNew World Translation kuzo zonke izilimi zayo ezihlukahlukene isebenzisa isimo segama likaNkulunkulu esamukelwa ngokuvamile. Yilokhu kanye ezinye izinguqulo zeBhayibheli ezikwenzayo ngawo wonke amanye amagama aseBhayibhelini.

Kungani Kunokugxeka Okunzima Kangaka?

IBhayibheli likaLuther lagxekwa ngenxa yokuthi lenziwa indoda eyadalula amaphutha enkolo engokwesiko yangosuku lwakhe. Inguqulo yakhe yavulela abantu abavamile indlela yokuba babone iqiniso lokuningi kwalokho akusho. Ngokufanayo, iNew World Translation igxekwa ngoba ikhishwa oFakazi BakaJehova, abakumemezela obala ukuthi izimfundiso eziningi zeLobukholwa azisekelwe eBhayibhelini. INew World Translation—empeleni, noma yiliphi iBhayibheli—ikwenza kukhanye lokhu.

Eqinisweni, iNew World Translation iwumsebenzi wobuciko. Ngo-1989, uProfesa Benjamin Kedar waseIsrael wathi: “Ekuhloleni kwami okuphathelene nolimi ngokuqondene neBhayibheli lesiHeberu nezinguqulo, ngivame ukubhekisela ohlelweni lwesiNgisi lwalokho okwaziwa ngokuthi iNew World Translation. Ngokwenza kanjalo, ngiwuthola uqina ngokuphindaphindiwe umuzwa enginawo wokuthi lencwadi ibonisa umzamo wokwethembeka wokuthola ukuqondwa kombhalo okunembé ngangokunokwenzeka. Okunikeza ubufakazi bekhono elijulile lokulawula ulimi lokuqala, ihumushela amagama okuqala kolunye ulimi ngendlela eqondakalayo ngaphandle kokuchezuka ngokungadingekile ohlelweni lolimi lwesiHeberu. . . . Umqondo ngamunye odluliselwa ulimi unikeza inkululeko ethile ekuchazeni nasekuhumusheni. Ngakho ikhambi lezolimi kunoma isiphi isimo kusengaxoxiswana ngalo. Kodwa kuyiNew World Translation, angikaze ngithole noma iyiphi inhloso yobandlululo yokuba kufundwe embhalweni okuthile okungekho.”

Izigidi zabafundi beBhayibheli emhlabeni wonke zisebenzisa iNew World Translation ngoba iyinguqulo yolimi lwanamuhla ehumusha amagama eBhayibheli ngokunembile. LeliBhayibheli selilonke manje litholakala ngezilimi ezingu-9 futhi imiBhalo yamaKristu yesiGreki iyodwa itholakala ngezinye izilimi ezimbili ezengeziwe; liyalungiselelwa ngezinye futhi izilimi ezingu-20. Ukuhumusha okunembile kudinga iminyaka eminingi yomsebenzi wokuzikhandla, kodwa sibheke phambili ekubeni iNew World Translation ekugcineni itholakale ngazo zonke lezilimi ezihlukene ukuze isize abaningi ngokwengeziwe ukuba baliqonde kangcono ‘izwi lokuphila.’ (Filipi 2:16) Ngenxa yokuthi isisize izigidi kakade ukuba zenze kanjalo, ikufanele ngempela ukutuswa.

[Imibhalo yaphansi]

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Kumanje iNew World Translation ihunyushelwa kwezinye izilimi ezingu-20 ngaphezulu

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INGUQULO IZITUSA YONA

Omunye woFakazi BakaJehova eJalimane waxoxa nowesifazane osekhulile, amfundela uHabakuki 1:12: “Awuyena owakudala, O Jehova? O Nkulunkulu wami, Ongcwele wami, wena awufi.” Lona wesifazane wakhonona ngoba elakhe iBhayibheli lalithi, “Masingafi.” UFakazi wabonisa ukuthi iNew World Translation inamathela ngokuseduze emibhalweni yesandla yokuqala. Njengoba lona wesifazane osekhulile ayekhuluma isiHeberu, walanda iBhayibheli lakhe lesiHeberu futhi wamangala lapho ethola ukuthi iNew World Translation inembile. AmaSopher (ababhali abangamaJuda) aliguqula kudala kakhulu lelivesi ngenxa yokuthi ayenomuzwa wokuthi ivesi lakuqala lalibonisa ukungamhloniphi uNkulunkulu. Ngaphandle komehluko ombalwa, izinguqulo zeBhayibheli zesiJalimane azilwenzi ushintsho ukuze zilungise lolushintsho lokubhala. INew World Translation iye yabuyisela umbhalo wakuqala.

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INew World Translation ephelele manje isikhona: ngesiDanish, isiDashi, isiFulentshi, isiJalimane, isiJapane, isiNgisi, isiNtaliyane, isiPutukezi nangeSpanish