Ukuthula—Ingabe Kuyofika Ngokuncishiswa Kwezikhali?
“KUYIPHUTHA elikhulu kakhulu ukuhlanganisa ukunciphisa izikhali nokuthula,” kwasho uWinston Churchill eminyakeni emihlanu ngaphambi kokuba izizwe zingene shí empini yezwe yesibili. “Uma ninokuthula niyonciphisa izikhali,” enezela.
Yeka indida! Ubani oyozifaka engozini yokunciphisa izikhali ukuthula kungakaqinisekiswa? Kodwa ukuthula kwangempela kungaba khona kanjani kuyilapho izikhali zinqwatshelwaniselwa impi? Yisimo izazi zezombangazwe ezingakwazanga ukuthola indlela yokuphuma kuso.
UWinston Churchill wakhuluma lawomazwi ngo-1934, ngemva kokuphethwa koMhlangano Wokunciphisa Izikhali owawubizwe iNhlangano Yezizwe eminyakeni emibili nje ngaphambili. Injongo yalomhlangano, owawuthathe iminyaka eyi-12 ulungiselelwa, yayiwukuvimbela ukuhloma kabusha kweYurophu. Abantu emhlabeni wonke basakukhumbula kahle ukubulawa okwesabisayo kwamabutho ayizigidi eziyisishiyagalolunye phakathi neMpi Yezwe I, kuhlanganise nezigidi ezengeziwe ezazilimele nenani eliphakeme kakhulu lokufa kwezinkubela ezazingahilelekile empini. Nokho, ukunciphisa izikhali akuzange kwenzeke. Ngani?
Imizamo Yokunciphisa Izikhali
Isimiso sokunciphisa izikhali singaphoqelelwa kodwa ngokuvamile asiphumeleli. Ngokwesibonelo, ngaphansi kwesiVumelwano saseVersailles sango-1919, iJalimane yancishiselwa izikhali ‘ngeziqinisekiso ezanele ezenziwa ngezingxoxo zobungane zokuthi izikhali zesizwe ziyoncishiswa kuze kube sezingeni eliphansi kakhulu ngokuvumelana nokulondeka kwezangaphakathi.’ Lokhu kwakuvumelana nesinye sezihlongozo zikamongameli waseU.S. uWoodrow Wilson, kamuva esafakwa eNgxenyeni 8 yesivumelwano seNhlangano Yezizwe. Kodwa lapho uHitler eqala ukubusa, ngokushesha wasephula ngokweyisa lesimiso.
Ingabe iZizwe Ezihlangene zaphumelela ngokwengeziwe ekumiseni isisekelo esinengqondo sokunciphisa izikhali ngemva kwempi yezwe yesibili? Cha, kodwa ukungaphumeleli kwazo kwakungengenxa yokuntuleka komzamo wokuzimisela. Nokho, njengoba izikhali zenuzi ezicekela phansi manje zase zitholakala, ukunciphisa izikhali kwakuyindaba ephuthuma kakhulu. “Impikiswano yesikhathi esidlule yokuthi imincintiswano yezikhali yayingatuseki ngokwezomnotho futhi yayiholela ngokungenakugwenywa empini,” kusho iNew Encyclopædia Britannica, “yathathelwa indawo impikiswano yokuthi ukusetshenziswa ngobuningi kwezikhali zenuzi esikhathini esizayo kwakusongela impucuko ngokwayo.”
Ngo-1952 kwamiswa uMkhandlu Wokunciphisa Izikhali wezizwe eziyi-12 ukuze ulwisane nomncintiswano wezikhali owawusaqala weMpumalanga neNtshonalanga. Wahluleka ukwenza inqubekela phambili, futhi ekugcineni imibuso emibili enamandla yenza amakamu ayo amelene aba nobutha ngokwengeziwe. Kuye kwenziwa ezinye izivumelwano ezihlukahlukene kuze kube sesikhathini samanje. Nokho, isimo sokungathembani siye sangakuvumela ukuqedwa ngokuphelele kwazo zonke izikhali zempi. Lokho, kusho iNew Encyclopædia Britannica, kungokuthile “okusekelwa abacabanga ngezinto ezingenakwenzeka.”
Ukubala Izindleko
Ukuze kuncishiswe noma kunqwatshelwaniswe izikhali—yiziphi izindleko ezihilelekile? Izindleko azihlanganisi ngaso sonke isikhathi imali. Umsebenzi ezimbonini ezihlangene nezikhali nawo uyinto yokucatshangelwa ngokuyinhloko. Emazweni amaningi izimali zentela zisetshenziselwa ukuthenga izikhali, lezo ukwenziwa kwazo okudala amathuba omsebenzi. Ngakho, ukunciphisa izikhali kungase kuholele ekupheleni komsebenzi. Yingakho amazwe ahileleke kakhulu ekunqwabelaniseni izikhali ethuthumela lapho ecabanga ngokuncishiswa kwezikhali ngokuphelele. Ukucabanga okunjalo kuyawashaqisa kunokuba kube yiphupho Lokucabanga Ngezinto Ezingenakwenzeka.
Nokho, asikwazi ukuziziba izamba ezinkulu zemali ezihilelekile ekuqhubeni ibhizinisi lezikhali zempi. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi amaphesenti ayi-10 enani lengqikithi yomkhiqizo wezwe achithwa ezikhalini. Yimali engakanani leyo? Amanani aqondile ayahluka kuye ngokwehla nokwenyuka kwamandla emali, kodwa cabanga ngokuchitha isigidi esingu-£1 (izigidi zamaRandi ezingu-4,35) ngalendlela umzuzu ngamunye wosuku! Ukuba ubunemali engako yiziphi izinto eziza kuqala obungazikhetha? Usizo lwabalambayo? Ukunakekelwa kwempilo? Inhlala-kahle yabantwana? Ukulungisa indawo yokuhlala? Kunokuningi kakhulu obekungenziwa!
Ngokwesibonelo, cabangela isimiso “sokuguqula izinqola zempi zibe ogandaganda” esimenyezwele muva nje eU.S.S.R., lapho amanye amafektri ezikhali eguqulwa khona ukuba akhiqize izinhlobo ezingama-200 ‘zamathuluzi aphambili omkhakha wezolimo nezezimboni.’ Kungani lawomathuluzi ezolimo edingeka kakhulu? Ngenxa yokuthi, ngokweFarming News yaseBrithani, “ingxenye yesithathu kuphela yezithelo nemifino elinywa emapulazini kahulumeni efinyelela kumthengi, ezinye ziyekwa ukuba zibole emasimini noma ziphelele ezimakethe noma ezinqolobaneni.”
Nakuba ukukhiqiza ogandaganda esikhundleni sezinqola zempi kungase kutuseke, kuba izihloko ezigqamile emaphephandabeni ngoba akuve kungavamile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umphumela wakho engqikithini yokukhiqizwa kwezikhali mncane kakhulu. Amakhulu ezigidi ezingenakubalwa zopondo, amaruble, namadollar ayaqhubeka echithwa ezikhalini ezweni lapho ‘abantu bephele khona amandla ngokwesaba nangokubheka okuvelela umhlaba,’ njengoba nje uJesu Kristu abikezela. Ukwesaba okunjalo kungaqedwa kanjani? Ingabe ukuqedwa kwezikhali kuyohlala kuyiphupho nje? Uma kungenjalo, yini edingekile ukuze kwenziwe?—Luka 21:26.