ICodex YaseAlexandria
ICODEX yaseAlexandria yayingeyokuqala emibhalweni yesandla yeBhayibheli eyinhloko eyenziwa yatholakala kubafundi. Ukutholwa kwayo kwaholela ekuhlaziyweni kokubhalwa kombhalo weBhayibheli wesiGreki ngokwenzuzo yabo bonke abahumushi abalandelayo bemiBhalo Engcwele. Yavela kanjani futhi nini?
UKyrillos Loukaris, umbhishobhi omkhulu waseAlexandria, eGibithe, wayengumqongeleli omkhulu wezincwadi, futhi ngonyaka ka-1621, lapho eba umbhishobhi omkhulu eConstantinople eTurkey, wahamba naleCodex Alexandrinus. Nokho, ngenxa yokubhikisha okwakuseMpumalanga Ephakathi nengozi yokuthi lowombhalo wesandla wawungase ubhujiswe uma uwela ezandleni zamaSulumane, uLoukaris waba nomuzwa wokuthi wawuyolondeka kangcono kakhulu eNgilandi. Ngokufanelekile, ngo-1624 wawunika inxusa laseBrithani elaliseTurkey njengesipho senkosi yamaNgisi, uJames I. Leyonkosi yafa ngaphambi kokuba inikwe lowombhalo wesandla, ngakho kunalokho wanikwa umlandeli wayo uCharles I, eminyakeni emithathu kamuva.
Ingabe lombhalo wesandla wawubaluleke ngendlela uKyrillos Loukaris ayenomuzwa wokuthi wawubaluleke ngayo? Yebo. Uhlehlela emuva engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu lesihlanu leminyaka C.E. Ngokusobala ababhali abaningana bahlanganyela ekuwubhaleni, futhi lowombhalo ubulokhu ulungiswa. Ubhalwe ephepheni elithambile, unezinhlu ezimbili ekhasini ngalinye, ngezinhlamvu zeuncial (ofeleba) ezingenasikhala phakathi kwamagama. Ingxenye enkulu kaMathewu ayikho, njengoba nezinye izingxenye zikaGenesise, zeHubo, zikaJohane, nezeyesi-2 Korinte zingekho. Manje iCodex A emiswe ngokomthetho, inamakhasi angama-773 futhi ihlala iwubufakazi bakuqala obubaluleke kakhulu.
Imibhalo eminingi yesandla yeBhayibheli ingahlelwa ibe amaqoqo, noma imikhaya, ngenxa yokufana okukhona phakathi kwayo. Yavela lapho ababhali bezenzela amakhophi bewasusela emthonjeni ofanayo noma kumakhophi acishe afane nawo. Nokho, ngokuqondene neCodex yaseAlexandria ababhali babebonakala bekhathalela ukuqoqa amakhophi emikhayeni ehlukahlukene ukuze benze ingcaphuno yombhalo enhle ngangokunokwenzeka. Eqinisweni, wabonakala umdala futhi ungcono ukwedlula yonke imibhalo yesandla yesiGreki esetshenziswe njengesisekelo seKing James Version ka-1611.
Inguqulo ka-Alexandria ka-1 Thimothewu 3:16 yavusa impikiswano enkulu lapho ikhishwa. IKing James Version lapha ifundeka kanje: “UNkulunkulu wabonakala enyameni,” lapho ibhekisela kuKristu Jesu. Kodwa kulecodex yasendulo, isifushaniso esimelela elithi “Nkulunkulu,” esasakhiwe izinhlamvu ezimbili zesiGreki “ΘC,” sibonakala singesasifundeka ngokuthi “OC” ekuqaleni, okuyigama elimelela elesiNgisi elithi “who.” Ngokusobala, ngesiNgisi lokhu kwakusho ukuthi uJesu wayengeyena “uNkulunkulu.”
Kwathatha iminyaka engaphezu kwama-200 nokutholwa kweminye imibhalo yesandla emidala ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukuthi ukuhumusha kokuthi “lowo” noma “lokho” kuqondile. UBruce M. Metzger kweyakhe ethi Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament uyaphetha: “Ayikho indlela yokubhala iuncial (emibhalweni yakuqala) yangaphambi kwekhulu leminyaka lesishiyagalombili noma lesishiyagalolunye . . . esekela θεός [uthe·osʹ]; zonke izinguqulo zasendulo zidinga uὅς noma uὅ; futhi akekho umbhali wemibhalo wangaphambi kwengxenye yesithathu engeyokugcina yekhulu lesine leminyaka oqinisekisa ukuthi wawufundeka ngokuthi θεός, [uthe·osʹ].” Namuhla, ukuhumusha okuningi kuyahambisana ngokweqa noma ikuphi ukubhekisela ‘kuNkulunkulu’ kulombhalo.
Ngo-1757 uMtapo waseBukhosini wenkosi waba ingxenye yoMtapo waseBrithani, futhi lecodex enhle manje ibekwe kahle egumbini lemibhalo yezandla laseMnyuziyamu waseBrithani. Iyigugu elikufanelekela ngempela ukubukwa.